Lapho sinezilimo kokubili engadini yasemadolobheni nasemasimini, izitshalo zethu zingahlaselwa yizilokazane nezifo. Ngaphandle kwezinambuzane ezijwayelekile, isikhunta kanye namagciwane athinta izitshalo zethu kufanele sinakekele ama-nematode. Zivame ukubhekwa njengezibungu ezincane ezingaziwa njengezinye izinambuzane. Inkinga ngalezi zinambuzane ukuthi kukhona ezinye ezizuzisayo, yize eziningi zazo ziyingozi. Akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi yini ama-nematode noma ukuthi ameleni kwezolimo.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngama-nematode nothando lwawo kwezolimo.
Yini ama-nematode
Ziyizilwane eziseqenjini lezikelemu. Bahlukaniswa njengama-pseudocoelomatas. Ukuze ucacise kancane futhi ube nombono olula walezi zilwane, zingahlukaniswa njengezikelemu ezinokuma okuhlukile kweselula. Ngaphakathi kweqembu lama-nematode ahlasela izitshalo, ngakho-ke, ayingozi ezitshalweni zethu, sinokulandelayo:
- Ama-endoparasites: Yilezo ezingaphakathi kwesitshalo futhi ezikhulayo ngaphakathi. Amaqanda nawo afakwa ngaphakathi.
- Ama-semi-endoparasites: ingxenye yesibungu ihlala ngaphakathi kwesitshalo enye ihlale ngaphandle. Ukubheja kwamaqanda kwenziwa ngaphandle.
- Ama-ectoparasites ahlala phansi: Ama-Ectoparasites yilawo angena kuphela ekhanda ngaphakathi kwesitshalo futhi akhishwa kuwo kuphela lapho kufika isikhathi sokuzala.
- Ama-ectoparasites wokubheka: bavakashela lesi sitshalo ngosiba. Isikhathi esisele basuka kwesinye isitshalo baye kwesinye.
Ukuhlaselwa kwezitshalo nezimpawu ezibonakalayo
Enye yemibuzo esabalele yokuthi lezi zibungu zihlasela kanjani izitshalo ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu esingazibona ukuze sizibone. Ezimweni eziningi sivame ukuthola ama-nematode enhlabathini. Ukuhlaselwa kwayo kwenziwa kuphela ezimpandeni. Njengoba kulindelekile, lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu kubalimi. Kunzima ukubikezela noma ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwe-nematode esitshalweni.
Ukuze sikhombe ukuhlaselwa kwe-nematode maqondana nanoma yisiphi isitshalo sethu kumele sigcizelele ukubonwa kahle kwezimpawu. Lokhu kungokulandelayo:
- Ukubukeka kwe- efihlekile kamuva kunokujwayelekile.
- Ukwehliswa okubanzi kwesitshalo ngokubonakala kwayo nokuntuleka kokukhula.
- Intuthuko engeyinhle ezimpandeni. Lokhu akubonwa kalula ngumlimi.
- Amabala eLeaf
Lapho sesizitholile izimpawu eziyinhloko izitshalo ezihlaselwa ama-nematode ngokuvamile ezinazo, kufanele sihlasele. Ukwelashwa kwalezi zinhlobo zezilwane kunzima kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwelashwa okwehlukile kufanele kwenziwe ngokuya ngohlobo lwenhlobo nokuhlukaniswa kwayo. Njengoba benza umjikelezo wabo wokuphila ngaphakathi kwesitshalo, kunzima ukukuqeda.
Imikhiqizo yokuqeda ama-nematode
Kunemikhiqizo eminingi ethengiswayo futhi ehlukaniswa njenge-nematostatics. Le mikhiqizo izosiza isivuno ukuthi sikhule noma ngabe sithinteka njalo yilezi zinto eziphilayo. Emakethe, imikhiqizo iyathengiswa ukwelapha lezi zilwane futhi ihlukaniswe ikakhulukazi kuleyo mikhiqizo yohlobo lwezinto eziphilayo kanye nohlobo oluhlanganisiwe. Ezinye zezihloko ezithi esetshenziswa kule mikhiqizo imvamisa isebenza njengama-nematicides. Eminye yayo isebenza kuphela lapho umhlaba ungasenalutho ngokuphelele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, ukuze ukhiphe amagciwane kuwo wonke umhlaba kusukela lapho kukhona ama-nematode, sidinga inhlabathi ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokutshala.
Omunye wemikhiqizo eyinhloko ethengisiwe ukuqeda lezi zidalwa i-oxamyl. Ukugunyazwa kwakho kufanele kuhlolwe kusengaphambili ngoba kunezindawo eziningi lapho ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungavunyelwe khona. Kuyisithako esisebenzayo esisebenza kakhulu ngokumelene nezinhlobo ezithile zama-nematode. Ifakwe ngokunisela ngenkasa yokwehlisa kancane kancane ukugxila kwayo. Isebenza ngesenzo sesistimu esiqala kusukela ezimpandeni kuye emaqabungeni.
Kulabo bantu abathola ukwelashwa kwemvelo ukulawula lesi silokazane, kusetshenziswa ezinye izinhlamvu zesikhunta. Enye yalezi zinhlamvu ivela ku-fungus I-Paecilomyces lilacinus. Lezi zinhlamvu zisebenza kwizimo zomzimba. Uma kunezitshalo ezitshaliwe, i-sodium hypochlorite nayo ingasetshenziswa njengesibulali magciwane enhlabathini. Inani lelitha elilodwa kumamitha skwele ayinkulungwane kufanele lilungiswe ukuze izitshalo zingalimali. Uma sidlulela ngalé kohlelo lokusebenza futhi sikwenza ngokunisela ngenkasa, ama-phytotoxicities angenziwa angasithandi.
Ama-nematode azuzisayo
Njengoba sishilo phambilini, akuwona wonke ama-nematode ayingozi ezitshalweni zethu. Kukhona okunye okuphephile noma okuzuzisayo. Lolu hlobo lwezibungu lufakiwe eqenjini lama-entomopathogens. Yilezo zilwane ezinesibopho kuzo izinambuzane. Yilapho izinzuzo esingazithola kulezi zinto eziphilayo zivela khona.
Akukhona ukuthi ziyisixazululo esisheshayo sokulawulwa kwezinye izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu zokutshala, kepha kunezifundo ezithembisayo maqondana nalokhu. Ezinye zalezi zifundo zikhomba ukuthi kukhona ukusebenza okuqinisekisiwe ngokulwa nezinambuzane ezithile. Lokhu kwenza ama-entomopathogens athathwa njengama-bioinsecticides okulawulwa kokuphilayo kwezinye izinambuzane.
Lezi zilwane ziphoqa ngenkani izinambuzane, yize kungeyona i-nematode uqobo ebulala lesi sinambuzane. Inqubo iyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Kukhona ubudlelwane be-nematode-bacterium symbiosis ku-altea nematode yi-vector yegciwane elithelela umzimba wezinambuzane. Sazi njenge-vector begazi noma yisiphi isidalwa esiphilayo esisebenza njengezokuthutha futhi esingadlulisa noma yisiphi isisebenzisi esithathelwanayo siye kwesinye isidalwa. Lokhu kwenza i-nematode isebenze njenge-vector ukuze ikwazi ukudlulisa amabhaktheriya athelela umzimba wesinambuzane futhi ayeke nokusabalala kwesinambuzane. Ukufaka lolu hlobo lwama-nematode ungasebenzisa izifutho zesintu noma ngamanzi wokunisela.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngama-nematode nokubaluleka kwawo kwezolimo.