Wonke amadolobha afanele usawoti wawo kufanele abe nokuhlobisa okuhle okusekelwe esitshalweni. I ama-patios aseCordoba Baziwa kakhulu ngokuba nenqwaba yezinhlobo zezitshalo ezijwayelane ne-ecosystem kanye nesimo sezulu saleyo ndawo. Zinobuhle obungenakulinganiswa futhi ziyaziwa futhi zivakashelwa izivakashi.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele zonke izici, umsuka kanye nokuvela kwamavulandi e-Córdoba.
Ayini ama-patio aseCórdoba
I-patio yindawo evulekile endlini enganikeza ukukhanya nokungena komoya kwamanye amakamelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusondela kwayo kubo kuvumela ukuthi isetshenziswe njengendawo yokuhlalisana, futhi iyisizinda sokuphila komkhaya.
Isithombe segceke laseCordovan sizuzwa njengefa endlini yamaSulumane, ebonakala ngokwakhiwa kwezindonga zangaphandle ezibheke ngaphakathi. Ukubukeka akubalulekile ngoba kwakhiwa udonga olulula olungenalutho. Ngemva kokuba ubuKristu bunqobile idolobha, lesi sakhiwo sezakhiwo sagcinwa futhi sisekhona ezindlini ezikhona. Ngaphezu kokwethula i-facade, I-patio ibonakala ngezimbali eziningi ezitshalwe emibhedeni yezimbali nasezitsheni, alengiswa odongeni olungaphezulu noma abekwe eceleni kwendlela yaseShayina yaseCordovan evamile.
Eceleni kwawo, imithombo noma imithombo igcwele izindonga, yenza isithombe esihle samanzi, ukukhanya nezimila, okubonisa ngokucacile umlando wama-Arabhu wedolobha. Ukuze uqedele umhlobiso, umnikazi ngokuvamile uhlanganisa ifenisha yasendulo, izitsha zekhishi zensimbi, ama-shafts, amakhanda ekholomu noma ezinye izinsalela zemivubukulo.
Izinhlobo zama-patio e-Córdoba
Izinkomba ezintathu ezimelela kahle igceke lesigodlo yilezi:
- Isigodlo sokuphindukuzalwa: Ingelinye lamagceke aseCordovan aseduze nesonto lesonto lamaSulumane futhi ingesinye sezisekelo ezindala kakhulu eCórdoba, yasungulwa ngo-1503 ngenkathi kuyiBeguinage. Yaba isigodlo sezindela saseCistercian ngo-1509. Umhlobiso wale thala ulula kakhulu, unomuthi wesundu phakathi nendawo, ama-pilistras ezimbizeni, amabhande, ama-ferns kanye nezimbambo zika-Adamu.
- Izindawo zokuhlala e-Santa Isabel Yasungulwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-1576 nguMadame Marina de Villaseca, yamukela u-Clara de Santa Isabel de los Ángeles ompofu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwekhampasi kukhona amakholomu namakhothamo angama-semicircular asekelwe izinsika eziqinile eziwunxande. Umlando wokubukeka kwawo ngendlela ehlelekile uhlehlela emuva ku-XNUMX. Egcekeni singathola izihlahla ezimbili zomsayiphuresi, umvini nezihlahla ezithile, njenge-jasmine ne-Celinda.
- I-Capuchina Monastery. Lesi yisigodlo sezindela sikaClare Abbey ompofu. Ngo-1655, ngaphansi kokunikezelwa kukaSan Rafael Arcángel, umnikazi wale ndawo enkulukazi, iDukes of Sessa, wayisungula ukuze enye yamadodakazi akhe ikwazi ukungena njengemfundamakhwela. Ivulandi esingayivakashela inemipheme emine, emithathu yayo enamakhothamo namakholomu anamakhothamo, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona amakhothamo namakholomu acakwe mhlophe. Inhloko-dolobha ibonisa ukuhlukahluka okukhulu, amaRoma, amaVisigoth namaKhalifa. Ngokuphathelene nezitshalo, singathola izihlahla ezibabayo zamawolintshi, ama-celinda nama-fern ahlukene ezimbizeni, ama-pilistras, izihlahla ze-banyan, izihlahla zesundu, i-clivia, amaribhoni.
Amagceke enkolo
Evulandi eCórdoba, singathola inkundla yezenkolo. Lapha kufanelekile ukugqamisa ithala elidala kunawo wonke edolobheni, okungenzeka ukuthi eYurophu, yi- «Patio de los Naranjos» ye-mosque-cathedral. Yisikhumbuzo esibaluleke kakhulu e-Córdoba futhi samenyezelwa njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba ngo-1984.
Singathola nezinye izibonelo ezibalulekile zamagceke enkolo, njenge I-Visigoth Cathedral yaseSan Vicente, esetshenziselwa ukukhulekela kwamaSulumane kusukela ngo-751, noma i-Al Jama Mosque noma i-Great Mosque yaseCordoba, eyakhiwe ngu-Umayyad Emir Abd (Umayyad Emir Abd) yakha i-Al-Rhaman I ngo-785. Kamuva kwaba nokunwetshwa okuningana, okubili eningizimu nenye. empumalanga.
Ngokuqondene negceke, umbhoshongo owakhiwe ngu-Abdul Raman III uyamangalisa, ogcina iningi lama-minarets ama-Arab. I-patio ihlukaniswe yaba izikwele ezintathu, ngayinye enomthombo phakathi nendawo naphakathi, kanye nomthombo oyinhloko wamapayipi amane kanye nomthombo wepayipi elilodwa.
Eduze kakhulu ne-mosque, singathola nelinye igceke elikhulu lenkolo e-Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos. Ngo-1951 yathengwa umkhandlu wedolobha futhi ukubuyiselwa kwaqala ngomklami kamasipala u-Víctor Escribano, owaphinda wakha kabusha igceke lamaMoor.
Ivulandi igcina isitshalo esijwayelekile sengadi yasePheresiya, inqamula izingxenye ezithile, inomthombo omaphakathi nemithombo emibili emikhawulweni yomibili, ukuchichima kuhambisa amanzi ngobumnene kumachibi amabili.
Umsuka nokuziphendukela kwemvelo
Ukuze uphendule umbuzo wemvelaphi ye-patio yaseCordovan, lokhu akubuzwa abanye abantu ngesikhathi sokuvakasha, kufanele ubuyele emuva futhi ubuyele empucukweni yasendulo eyahlala emandulo, njengeBhabhiloni, iGibhithe nesiGreki. isiko. noma isiko lamaRoma. Khona-ke, indlu ihlelwe, njengesimo samanje, eduze kwevulandi eliphakathi nendawo lapho izinto zomndeni zenzeka khona. Ezinye zalezi zimpucuko zaletha isiko, ulimi kanye nezakhiwo zazo emazweni aseNtshonalanga. Ngakho, Leli fomu lokwakha lafika eCórdoba, njengakwamanye amagumbi amaningi eNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia.
I-Cordovan patio ivela egcekeni lendlu yaseRoma, noma yini efanayo, indlu evamile yaseMedithera ngokubukeka okulula, ngaphandle kwezinyathelo (okungenani hhayi eziningi), ukufinyelela kusuka kuvulandi kanye nezitezi zokhuni. Futhi umthombo ophakathi.
Ama-Arabhu alondoloza lolu hlobo lolimi, nakuba ayenezela elithi “riat” (imibhede yezimbali) enezimbali namanzi, aphuma emithonjeni noma emithonjeni. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, ithala lalisengenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izakhiwo, kuhlanganise nezenkolo.
Kodwa "Indlu Yomakhelwane" njengoba siyazi namuhla inemvelaphi yayo ezikhathini zanamuhla, ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu, ngokufuduka kwabantu besuka emaphandleni beya edolobheni, kuyadingeka ukwandisa isibalo sezindlu. Okokuqala, lezi zindlu kufanele zithengeke, ngakho kwakhiwa isakhiwo esifana nehhotela elidala.Patios yaseCórdoba, eziye zalungiswa kabusha ngokukhuphuka izitebhisi ukuze zingene ezitezi ezingaphezulu futhi zishiyele bonke omakhelwane indawo.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nama-patios ase-Córdoba nezici zawo.