Emhlabeni kunezinto eziphilayo ezikwaziyo ukuthola amandla ezintweni ezingaphili ezisesimweni sokubola. Imayelana nezinto eziphilayo ama-saprophytes. Bangabantu abaphilayo abanesibopho sokuxhumana nemvelo ngezinga elincane. Ngenxa yalolu hlobo lwezidalwa eziphilayo, i-ecosystem ingavuselelwa. Umthombo wawo oyinhloko wokudla yizinto ezibolayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imvelo ingaqhubeka nomjikelezo wayo iphinde ithole ingxenye enkulu yamandla encibilika eminyakeni edlule.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngama-saprophytes nokubaluleka kwawo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Iqembu lezinto eziphilayo okuyizikhunta, amabhaktheriya athile kanye nesikhunta samanzi. Bayakwazi ukusebenzisana nemvelo ezingeni elincane kakhulu futhi neqhaza labo kubhalansi yemvelo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ziyizinto eziphilayo ezinesibopho sokuthatha isinyathelo sokuqala senqubo yokuhlakazeka kwento engaphili. Lapho umuntu ophilayo efa, Izinto eziphilayo ze-saprophytic zibhekene nodaba olubolayo. Bayakwazi ukuhlanganisa ezinye zezakhi zezinto ezingaphili ukuze baziguqulele kumikhiqizo esebenza ngokuphelele.
Le yindlela ababuyela ngayo emvelweni ngesimo sama-ion amahhala zonke izingxenye zemfucumfucu. Babhekwa njengabathengi abancane ngoba inani lokudla abakwazi ukukudla lincane. Zitholakala ochungechungeni lokudla kanti izakhamzimba zazo zithathwa kusisindo esonakalisayo. Lesi sisindo ngokuvamile sisebenza ngokubola ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
AmaSaprophyte ayizinto ze-heterotrophic ngoba athola into ephilayo kusuka kwesinye isidalwa. Abakwazi ukuthola amandla ngokwabo. Imvamisa bathola amandla ezintweni eziphilayo ezifile noma uquqaba olonakalisayo. Ziyizinto eziphilayo ezikhishwa ezintweni ezibolile ezinye izakhi ezisetshenziselwa ukufeza imisebenzi ebalulekile.
Enye yezimpawu eziyinhloko ukuthi zingama-osmtrophs. Lokho, kusho ukuthi lezi zidalwa zingakwazi ukuncela izakhamzimba nge-osmosis. I-gradient ye-concentration yale nto itholakala kwimidiya emibili ehlukene. Lokhu kwenza i-osmosis idlala indima ebalulekile ekutheni ikwazi ukuhambisa zonke izakhamzimba. Ukuthola lezi zakhi zomzimba eziphilayo kuncike ekugayeni kwangaphandle. Kulokhu, ama-enzyme yiwo enza kube lula ukonakala kwama-molecule.
I-biology yama-saprophytes
Sizobona ukuthi yimaphi ama-saprophyte akhiwe ukuze sikwazi ukwehlisa isithunzi sendalo bese siyondla.
- Udonga lweselula: Kuyindonga emelana namaseli esikhunta, amabhaktheriya nesikhunta. Lolu donga luyamelana impela ngoba kufanele lumelane namandla we-osmotic nokukhula kwamaseli. Imvamisa itholakala ngaphandle kolwelwesi lweseli. Ulwelwesi olwenziwe nge-chitin, kuyilapho ulwelwe, nalo lukhona, luvame ukwakhiwa ngama-glycoprotein nama-polysaccharides. Kwezinye izimo kuphela lapho kungabonakala khona ukuthi lolu donga lweseli lwenziwe nge-silicon dioxide.
- Ulwelwesi lweplasma: ulwelwesi lwe-plasma ezintweni eziphilayo ze-saprophytic lunokuvunyelwa kokukhetha. Ngenxa yalolu hlobo lokungena, bangasebenzisa ukusabalalisa ukuze kudlule kuphela izinhlobo ezithile zama-molecule noma ama-ion ulwelwesi uqobo.
Lezi zidalwa ziyakwazi ukuguqula i-substrate kanye ne-pH yemvelo. Kuyisici esithile esenzeka kuphela kukhunta oluhlaza futhi siyingxenye yeqembu lesikhunta esingelohlobo lwePenicillium. Wonke amabhaktheriya ohlobo lwePseudomonas angashintsha umbala kuye ngemvelo atholakala kuwo.
Indima yemvelo yama-saprophyte
Sishilo kaningi ukuthi lezi zidalwa zibalulekile ekulinganisweni kwemvelo. Siyazi ukuthi kufeza umsebenzi we-ecosystem ngoba bayingxenye yezinto eziphethe ukuvala umjikelezo wemvelo wento. Lapho lezi zidalwa zondla, zithweswa icala lokubola zonke izinto eseziqedile umjikelezo wazo wempilo. Ngenxa yalokho, bangathola izakhi zomzimba ezivuselelwa kabusha, zikhishwe, futhi zibuyiselwe emvelweni. Ngale ndlela, lezi zakhi zomzimba zizophinda zitholakale kwezinye izidalwa eziphilayo ukuze zikwazi ukuzisebenzisa.
Izinto eziphilayo ezibolayo zinezakhi zomzimba ezifana ne-iron, i-calcium, i-potassium ne-phosphorus. Lezi zakhi zomzimba zibalulekile ekukhuleni kwezitshalo. Njengoba udonga lweseli lwezitshalo nalo lakhiwe nge-gloss, kunzima ukucutshungulwa kahle ezintweni eziningi eziphilayo. Noma kunjalo, lawa ma-saprophyte Baneqembu lama-enzyme elibavumela ukuthi bagaye ukwakheka kodonga lweseli ngaphandle kobunzima obukhulu.
Umkhiqizo wokugcina wenqubo yokwehla kwama-molecule we-carbohydrate alula. Lapho le nqubo yokubola yenzeka, kukhishwa isikhutha esikhungweni semvelo lapho sithathwa khona yizitshalo ngenqubo ye-photosynthesis. Eziningi zezinto izidalwa eziphilayo ezinazo zingacekelwa phansi cishe kuphela ngama-saprophytes. Enye yalezi zingxenye yi-lignin.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Sesizohlukanisa amaqembu singene kuwo ama-saprophytes angahlukaniswa ngokuya ngohlobo lokudla. Obophezele ama-saprophyte yilawo athola izakhamzimba kuphela ngokubola kwezinto eziphilayo ezingaphili. Kungokwama-saprophyte kuphela esigabeni esisodwa sempilo yabo futhi baba namandla. Lolu hlobo lokudla okunomsoco lwaziwa njenge-osmtrophy ngoba lwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana nangenqubo ye-osmosis.
Lawa ma-saprophyte anesibopho sokukhipha amanye ama-enzyme e-hydrolytic angafaka ama-hydrolyze ama-molecule amakhulu aqukethe imfucumfucu efana ne-polysaccharides, amaprotheni nama-lipids. Lawa ma-molecule, ngenqubo ye-osmosis, ahlangana namanye ama-molecule amancane. Njengomkhiqizo walokhu, kukhishwa ama-biomolecule ancibilikayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinto zifinyelela ku-cytoplasm ngakho-ke amangqamuzana e-saprophyte angondliwa, avumele ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwawo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngama-saprophyte nokubaluleka kwawo emvelweni.