Zonke lezo zitshalo esizikhulisile zingaba izisulu zezinambuzane nezifo. Upelepele wawungeke ube mncane. Kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi amabala ansundu avela kupelepele. Umsuka we amabala ansundu kupelepele ingahluka kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi kungani kuvela amabala ansundu nopelepele nokuthi kuyini ukwelashwa kwawo.
Izifo zikapelepele
I-Powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica, Phytophtora capsici, Alternaria solana). Isifo fungal lapho sithola ukuthi izindawo yellow engxenyeni engenhla amaqabunga ngokushesha abe yi-necrotic bese kuvela impushana emhlophe ngaphansi.
Ukoma kukapelepele wukubuna okungazelelwe nokungenakulungiseka kwaso sonke isitshalo, ngaphandle kwamaqabunga awayo, ikakhulukazi lapho isithelo sikhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-necrosis ingabonwa entanyeni (ingxenye ephansi yesiqu emngceleni we-substrate) kanye nokubola kwezimpande. Ingenzeka ezitshalweni ezingazodwa noma nge-phylogeny.
Ukubola kwentamo nezimpande. Ngokuvamile ngenxa ye-Phytophthora. Pythium, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia. Linda kuze kube yilapho izithombo zibuna futhi intamo ibonakala iklinyiwe futhi ibolile.
Amaqhubu ezimpandeni zikapelepele: akhiqizwa ama-nematode. Izitshalo utheleleke nge I-Nematode ikhombisa ukuqina, ukubola, i-chlorosis, ukubola kanye nezinsumpa (amaqhuqhuva ezimpandeni). Kusatshalaliswa ngezitendi (izitshalo zakha izindawo eziningi eziyindilinga) noma emigqeni yokunisela.
Igciwane likapelepele: izimpawu ziyi-mosaic-on-leaf, dwarfing, chlorotic-rings (yellow), amaqabunga agoqeka futhi agoqeke, ukukhubazeka kwezithelo ezinamachashaza noma izindandatho ezinamagagasi… Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka (nakuba amaqabunga aphuzi kupelepele ngokuvamile ewuhlobo oluvamile) futhi kunezinhlobo eziningana zamagciwane asengadini angathinta upelepele.
Amabala ansundu kupelepele
Okulandelayo sizobheka ukuthi yiziphi izifo ezihlukahlukene ezingabangela amabala ansundu kupelepele. Ezinye izifo ezivamile kupelepele ukubola kokuphela kwembali, ukutshisa noma ukushiswa yilanga, namabala anemibala ecwecweni noma esiqwini.
ukubola kokuphela kwembali
Enye yezimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu Ziyizindawo zamanzi phezulu noma eceleni kwezithelo. Amabala azokhula, ome futhi ancibilike ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi athathe ukubukeka kwesikhumba. Lesi sifo sibangelwa ukushoda kwe-calcium endaweni eqala ngamazinga e-calcium anganele noma, ngokuvamile, lapho isithelo sikhula ngokushesha futhi umswakama womhlabathi unganele. Ukuze ugweme ukubola kwe-bloom, gcina amazinga e-calcium esebangeni elifanele futhi uzijwayeze ukuphatha kahle umswakama.
Ukushiswa yilanga
Ithishu ilimele futhi ibonakala imhlophe. Izithelo eziluhlaza ezivuthiwe zingenwa yilesi sifo. Ukuze ugweme ukushiswa yilanga, khetha izinhlobo ezinekhava elihle lamaqabunga ukuze uvikele izithelo, futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokugwema izindawo lapho izitshalo zizoshona khona. Lapho isitshalo silenga (iziqu ezigobe phansi), isithelo singase sichayeke elangeni eliqondile, elingabangela ukushiswa yilanga.
Amabala ansundu kupelepele
I-"stip" enamachashazi (amabala anemibala egobolondweni) azivamile njengokubola nokushisa kwe-bloom ekupheleni. Izimpawu ze-"Stip" amachashaza amnyama ashone kancane esithelweni ("Stip" kusho "i-freckle" ngesiJalimane). Nakuba imbangela yangempela ingaziwa, ukuntuleka kwe-calcium ne-nitrogen ne-potassium eyeqile kucatshangwa ukuthi kunesandla kulesi sifo. Ukuze ugweme izithiyo, kuyadingeka ukwakha uhlelo oluhle lokuphatha ukudla okunomsoco. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhetha ezihlukahlukene ezifanele ukuphatha "Stip". Ukuhlolwa kuyaqhubeka okwamanje ukuze kutholwe ulwazi olwengeziwe ngezinhlobo ze-Stip-susceptible bell pepper. Lesi Stip siyimbangela yamachashaza ansundu kupelepele.
Isifo se-Phytophthora
Ngeshwa, lesi sifo esibhubhisayo sesivame kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Izimpawu zihlanganisa izilonda ezimnyama, ezicwiliswe ngamanzi ezingase zakhe izindandatho eziqwini ezingezansi. Izitshalo zibuna ngokuzumayo futhi zife ngokushesha. Amaqabunga angase abe nezilonda ezifakwe emanzini amnyama aluhlaza okomile kuze kube nombala wethusi ophaphathekile. Isithelo siba namachashaza ansundu ngokuluhlaza futhi sibonakala sinamafutha kuze kuthinteke yonke indawo yesithelo.
Amasu okuphatha izitshalo ahlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezimelana nezifo, ukushintshaniswa kwezitshalo okuhle, inhlanzeko, ukugeleza kahle komhlabathi, nokuphathwa kahle kwamanzi.
Ibala lamagciwane
Izimpawu zamachashaza amagciwane zihlanganisa amachashaza ansundu anxazonke, acwiliswe ngamanzi emaqabunga angenawo amabhande agxile noma ama-halos. Lawa machashaza angase ahlangane akhe imisebe emide emnyama.. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ze-ecstasy, amaqabunga agoqeka phansi.
Amasu okuphatha ngokusebenzisa amasiko ahlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezimelana nezifo, izithombo ezingenazo izifo, kanye nokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo okuhle. Gcina ukuphathwa okuhle kwezakhi futhi uhlanganise ngokushesha izinsalela zezitshalo emva kokuvuna ukusheshisa ukubola futhi unciphise ubusika bamagciwane ensimini.
I-Anthracnose
Izimpawu ze-anthracnose zihlanganisa amachashaza ayindilinga ashone emaqabunga kanye nezithelo ezivuthiwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlamvu ezimnyama zikhula phakathi nendawo. Amasu okuphatha ngokusebenzisa isiko ahlanganisa ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo nokususwa kwezithelo ezigabeni zokuqala zokutheleleka ensimini.
Kungani kuvela amabala ansundu kupelepele?
Izifo zomzimba ziyizinkinga ezihlukene nezifo zikapelepele kanye nezinambuzane. Zibangelwa izici ze-abiotic, okungukuthi, ukucindezeleka ngenxa yezimo zemvelo ezingafaneleki. Zingabangelwa ukuntula noma ukweqisa kwemisoco, amakhaza noma ukushisa, isomiso noma ukungaphathwa kahle kokuchelela noma usawoti.
Kufanele wazi ukuthi izimo zokwelapha zokutshala upelepele ezingezinhle zingabangela ukukhangwa kwezinambuzane nezifo. Okufanelekile, kuzo zombili izimo, inkinga kufanele ibonakale ngokushesha ukuze kusungulwe imihlahlandlela namasu okudambisa izinkinga.
Ngethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngamabala ansundu nopelepele nokuthi yiziphi izifo eziwabangelayo.