Lapho umuntu eya ensimini eyokwenza uhambo noma eyolanda amakhowe, kufanele anake kakhulu izinkomba ezithile ezizositshela ukuthi ngabe ikhowe okukhulunywa ngalo linobuthi noma cha. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamakhowe anobuthi emhlabeni lokho kungaholela ekufeni komuntu okufakayo. Kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi siqaphele ukuthi hlobo luni lwamakhowe esiwaphathayo.
Ukuze sazi ukuthi ikhowe linobuthi noma cha, kufanele siqale silihlaziye kahle futhi ukusuka lapho, sazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwamakhowe nokuthi linobuthi obungakanani. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ungawabona kanjani amakhowe anobuthi futhi yimaphi amakhowe anobuthi kakhulu eSpain?
Ungazi kanjani ukuthi amakhowe anobuthi noma cha
Into yokuqala ukuhlaziya ikhowe esinalo esandleni. Izikhathi eziningi kungcono ukungazithatheli ukutheleleka okungenzeka kamuva. Ukwazi ukuthi ikhowe linobuthi noma cha, kufanele sibheke:
- Uhlobo lwe-hymenium onayo. I-hymenium yingxenye evundile yekhowe lapho kwakhiwa khona izinhlamvu zocansi ezizosetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza kabusha. Le hymenium ingaba ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene futhi, ngokuya ngohlobo, singazi ukuthi inobuthi noma cha. Le hymenium ingaba ngesimo samashidi, amashubhu ahlukaniswayo, amafolda nezinduku. Phakathi kwalawa mafomu okukhulunyiwe, amakhowe anobuthi futhi ayingozi kakhulu ahlala ethula i-hymenium ngendlela yamashidi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke amakhowe ane-hymenium emise okweshidi anobuthi, kepha yisibonakaliso sokuqala salokhu.
- Indlela inyama ephuka ngayo. Lapho sithatha ikhowe bese siliphula, kungabonakala izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene. Zingaba nemicu ngesakhiwo (esifana nokhuni) noma ngekhefu le-grainy (elifana noshoki). Iningi lamakhowe anobuthi avame ukwehla abe yizakhiwo ezinemicu. Kuyafana nalokhu okungenhla, akusho ukuthi wonke amakhowe anesakhiwo esinemicu azoba nobuthi.
- Umbala wezinhlamvu. Uma sibheka amashidi e-hymenium kufanele sibone ukuthi anjani umbala. Kunemibala eminingi kepha cishe njalo kuhlanganiswa imibala emine eyisisekelo: emhlophe, epinki, nsundu nomnyama. Uma amashidi we-hymenium ansundu futhi epinki, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ikhowe linobuthi noma alinayo intshisekelo yokudla.
- Ukufaka izindwani. Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, inkomba yokuqala ukuthi ngabe i-hymenium yekhowe inamapulangwe. Uma ishidi libomvana noma nsundu futhi manje, kufanele sibone ukuthi amashidi afinyelela kanjani enyaweni lekhowe. Lokhu kubalulekile uma kuziwa ekubahlukaniseni. Ezinye zazo ziye phansi enyaweni kuthi ezinye zikhuphuke ziye phezulu konyawo.
- Ukuphumula kwamaveli. Izindwangu zamakhowe zingabonakala ngezindlela ezahlukene. Bangathatha uhlobo lwe-volva phansi konyawo, izinsumpa esigqokweni, iringi noma ukuma kwekhethini onyaweni. Ubuthi obuningi ngokuvamile yiringi, i-volva ne-wart. Isibonelo, sithola i-Amanita phalloides, ikhowe eliyingozi kakhulu esingalithola eNavarra.
Yini okufanele uyenze lapho ufuna ukukhetha amakhowe?
Kubalulekile ukuthi silungiselele kahle lapho sizokhetha amakhowe futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, siqaphe ukuze singenzi amaphutha futhi sidakwe. Kuwusizo kakhulu ukuphatha ubhasikidi ohamba nathi ukuze sikwazi ukuhambisa amakhowe. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba sithola amakhowe ukuthi aphefumule futhi ngale ndlela, awakwazi ukusabalala.
Lapho siqala ukuvuna kwethu futhi sinamakhowe athile asevele ebhasikisini futhi sithola elinye lawo esinokungabaza, kungcono ukuthi singaliphonsi kubhasikidi, ngoba lingangcolisa okusele futhi lidale ukudakwa lapho kudla amanye. Kufanele sisebenzise ummese, kepha ungasiki isisekelo njengoba singasebenza njengenkomba yezinga lobuthi. Uma siwasika amakhowe ezansi, sizolahlekelwa yilezo zinkomba ezingakwazi ukusho ukuthi zinobuthi noma cha. Kumele futhi sigweme ukuthatha lawo makhowe angakakhuli kahle ngoba kungcono ukuwayeka akhule futhi akhiqize. Uma sifuna ukwenza isivuno esimeme, kufanele sisebenzise isenzo esifanayo naleso senhlanzi.
Amakhowe amaningi anobuthi eSpain
ESpain kunezinhlobo eziningi zamakhowe anobuthi. Sizogxila kokuvame kakhulu nokudumile.
Amanita phalloides
Leli khowe liyabonakala ngoba line-hemlock eluhlaza. Ubuthi bayo buphezulu impela ngoba yibo obubhekele kakhulu amacala ocwaningo ezweni lethu. Ubuthi bunobuthi obukhulu futhi kungadala ukufa ngemuva kokudla isampuli eyodwa.
Leli khowe likhula kuyo yonke inkathi ye-mycological, evame ukuba phakathi kwezinyanga zikaSepthemba kuya kuNhlolanja. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yayo yokwabiwa ifaka phakathi zonke izinhlobo zamahlathi kuyo yonke i-peninsula, ogwini nasezintabeni.
Ubuthi baleli khowe buhlasela amaseli wesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi, isibindi noma imisipha, ibabhubhise. Uma sesifakiwe sinamahora aphakathi kwayisithupha kuya kwayishumi nambili ukuze kuqale ukusebenza kwawo. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu esingaba nazo ngemuva kokuziphuza isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo esinegazi, i-colic ... Okubalulekile ngalobu shevu ukuthi uma kuvela lezi zimpawu kungenxa yokuthi ezinye izitho sezonakele, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi umuntu asinde ukuze aye esibhedlela ngokushesha okukhulu.
Fly agaric
Leli khowe laziwa nge-fly swatter ngoba linamandla okukhubaza izinambuzane ezihlangana nalo. Yikhowe elishaya kahle elinombala oqinile, ngakho-ke kufanele selivele likhombisile ukuthi alidliki. Ngokwemvelo, izilwane ezinobuthi nezitshalo zivame ukugqama kakhulu ukuze izidumbu zingazami nokuzizingela, ngoba, noma kunjalo lapho zingaphila khona ngokuqamekela ngenxa yobuthi bazo, zizolimala kumhlaseli .
Kungakho, kukodwa nje, kungcono hlala kude namakhowe akhanyayo. Leli khowe likhula ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene kakhulu naphakeme kakhulu. Ihlotshaniswa nezimpande zezihlahla ezivame ukuba yi-beech, i-black pine noma i-birch. Baqala ukuvela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla ezweni lethu.
Ngokuqondene nobuthi bayo, kufanele sisho ukuthi ikakhulukazi i-neurotoxic enemiphumela emibi impela, kepha akudingeki ukuthi ibangele ukufa. Futhi zinezinto ze-hallucinogenic futhi zivame ukuhlasela amathumbu nesibindi. Izimpawu zivela kungakapheli amahora amabili ngemuva kokungeniswa futhi zivame ukuba yizimpawu zesisu ezifana nokuhlanza kanye ne-colic.
I-Boletus satanas
Leli khowe linobukhulu obukhulu impela yize lingenabo ubuthi obukhulu njengoba igama lalo liphakamisa. Imvamisa ikhula ekuhlanzweni kwamahlathi aseduze kwezimpande ze-holm oak, beech kanye nama-oki. Akuvamisile ukuthi kuvame kakhulu kepha kuhlala kuvame ukukhula ezindaweni ezifanayo. Lezi zindawo imvamisa ziphakathi kwezintaba noma ezingxenyeni eziphakeme kakhulu zamazwe aphansi.
Ubuthi baleli khowe inobuthi obuningi uma idliwe ingaphekiwe. Uma ithathwa iphekiwe, inobuthi kodwa ithambe kakhulu. Ikhiqiza ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu ngokuhlanza nokuhuda, okuvela ngemuva nje kokudliwa.
I-Lactarius torminosus
Ubuthi bayo buphansi impela, ngoba kubangela kuphela ukuphazamiseka okuncane kwamathumbu. Ikhula eduze kwezihlahla ze-birch futhi izimpawu zayo zenzeka phakathi kwemizuzu eyi-15 namahora ama-3 ngemuva kokuzidla.
UCortinarius
Lawa makhowe awavamile futhi akhula emahlathini ahlabayo noma emahlathini kaphayini. Lezi kulula ukuzibona ngeso lenyama, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuzididanisa nezinhlobo ezingadliwayo. Kulula ukuzibona ngoba azinambitheki. Zinobuthi futhi ziyabulala kaningi. Izimpawu zayo zivela ezinsukwini ngemuva kokusetshenziswa, noma amasonto. Zibangela ukukhathala, ukoma okukhulu nomlomo owomile, ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla, ikhanda elibuhlungu, nezinkinga zezinso nesibindi.
URussula emetic
Leli khowe litholakala ezindaweni ezingamahlathi ezinomswakama nenothe kakhulu. Kusakazeke kulo lonke elaseSpain futhi kuhluke kakhulu ngokokuziphatha. Uma kudliwe, kubangele ukuphazamiseka okuncane kwe-gastroenteric esikhathini esifushane, kusuka kuhhafu wehora kuya emahoreni amabili, ngemuva kokusetshenziswa. Inobuthi kuphela ngobuningi kanti isampuli eyodwa, ephekwe nezinye izinhlobo, ayinangozi.
Amakhowe adliwayo eSpain
Ukuqhubeka nokusiza ukukhomba amakhowe anobuthi, ngizokutshela ukuthi yimaphi amakhowe angadliwa: i-boletus, amakhowe, ama-chanterelles noma i-chanterelle ngamanye amakhowe adliwayo, asakazeke kakhulu futhi aqoqwe eSpain. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa ekhishini ukwenza izitsha ezicebile ngendlela emangalisayo njengoba zinamaphunga abucayi nephunga elimnandi.
Ngale mihlahlandlela singenza iqoqo elihle ngaphandle kokudakwa ngephutha. Kufanele ucabange ukuthi kubalulekile ukunaka zonke izinhlobo zamakhowe kwazise impilo yethu ingaxhomeka kuwo.
Uyawazi amakhowe amaningi okufanele siwangeze ohlwini? Unganqikazi ukushiya amazwana !!!