Kuningi amakhowe curiosities. Amakhowe ayisidlo esivelele ekwindla nasebusika, futhi inani lawo lokudla liyaphawuleka nasekulawuleni isisindo. Ngaphandle kokunambitha nokudla, kuhlobene nezici eziningi zesiko lethu elidumile. Kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphathwayo zokuphuma uyobheka amakhowe emahlathini - ngisho nenkolo yethu yasendulo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bathanda ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezomnotho, nakuba unonyaka oqinile, ongenakushaywa indiva. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-200 adluliswa unyaka ngamunye ebhizinisini lamakhowe eSpain.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi yiziphi izinto eziyinhloko zamakhowe ongase ungazi.
Amakhowe curiosities
Abazona izitshalo noma izilwane
Amakhowe ayingaphandle lesikhunta esihlala ngaphansi komhlaba noma ezintweni eziphilayo ezibolayo. Nokho, kunezinhlobo eziningi zamakhowe, ngoba empeleni angomunye wemibuso emihlanu lapho sihlanganisa khona izinto eziphilayo, ngakho azibhekwa njengezitshalo noma izilwane. Awenzi i-photosynthesize njengemifino, futhi awakwazi ukudla ngendlela efanele njengoba senza embusweni wezilwane.
Embusweni wesikhunta, zisukela kulezo ezihlala ezitshalweni zethu zamathumbu kuya imvubelo evubela ufulawa, amagilebhisi noma ibhali, ngokusebenzisa isikhunta noma lezo ezihlasela ematheni ezinyawo zethu. Yiqiniso, bakhona abakha amakhowe.
Ikakhulukazi isikhunta esenza isikhunta sibonakala ngokuphila ngaphansi komhlaba noma ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo. Umsebenzi wabo ukumunca imiphumela yalokhu kubola ukuze bazidlise bona, futhi bangakwazi futhi ukuqoqa amaminerali emhlabathini.
Lezi sikhunta amanethiwekhi amade emicu yamangqamuzana, njengezimoto zesitimela ezixhunyiwe (mycelium), zingadlulisa amaminerali ukusuka kwelinye ingqamuzana ukuya kwelinye eduze kwe-filament ngayinye (hypha). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, eziningi zazo zixhunywe ezimpandeni zesitho esixubile esibizwa ngokuthi i-mycorrhiza. Lesi sitho sine-symbiotic, okungukuthi, iyisikhungo sokusebenzisana sezinhlangano ezimbili, okuvumela lesi sihlahla ukuba sinikeze isikhunta ushukela, kanti isikhunta sisebenzisa imicu yaso ukuze sithwale amaminerali esihlahleni sisuka kude. Futhi, ikhowe lingaxhuma izihlahla eziningi noma ngisho nehlathi lonke ukuze lenze i-Internet yehlathi.
Ikhowe elilodwa elixhunywe kumahektha angama-900 ehlathi latholwa e-Oregon eNyakatho yePacific yase-United States, ngaleyo ndlela yakha isilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke ezaziwayo emhlabeni. Kusolwa ukuthi lesi sikhunta esixhumene, ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zolwazi, singaphinde sihambise izinto ezilwa namagciwane emthini, kungashiwo ukuthi ziwukuhlakanipha kwehlathi.
Ikhowe libhekwa njengesitho sangasese sesikhunta
Eqinisweni, amakhowe angama-gonads esikhunta, ayizitho ezikhiqiza izinhlamvu kanye nesikhunta ezixuba izakhi zazo zofuzo ngokusebenzisa izinhlamvu. Uma uthanda ungamfonela imbali yamakhowe.
Ngaphansi kwesigqoko sekhowe, singabona amaqabunga e-radial abizwa ngokuthi "ama-flakes", akhiqiza i-spore bese esakazwa umoya noma izilwane. Isikhunta sikhiqiza amakhowe kuphela ngemva kwenkathi yemvula, ngoba inomswakama owanele ukwenza lezi zakhiwo ezinama-hydraulic emanzini angama-90%.
Angadliwa kuphela ngo-0,0001%
Isazi se-mycologist, usosayensi ohlola amakhowe, unehlaya elithi, "Wonke amakhowe ayadliwa, kodwa amaningi angadliwa kanye kuphela." Empeleni, zingama-600 kuphela izinhlobo zamanje zamakhowe ezingu-600.000 ezidliwayo.
Ezinye zibonisa amazinga ahlukene obuthi ngenxa yama-alkaloid abawakhiqizayo ukuze agweme ukuhlaselwa kwezilwane, kanti amanye abulala kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akuzona zonke izidalwa ezinokumelana okufanayo: isibonelo, ama-slugs amelana ngokuphindwe ka-1.000 ngaphezulu kobuthi be-boletus.
Ama-Truffles, ahlanganisa amhlophe (i-Tuber magnatum) nomnyama (i-Tuber melanosporum), awuhlobo lwesakhiwo se-spore block, akha i-mycorrhizae ngama-chestnuts, ama-walnuts, ama-holm oak kanye nama-holm oki avela eningizimu yeYurophu (Italy, France, Spain) futhi akhule ngaphansi komhlaba esikhundleni salokho. lokufika phezulu.
The best curiosities of amakhowe
Ihlathi lamakhowe namakhowe ekhaya
Iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili, izimpande zezihlahla ezisanda kumila ziye zafuthwa yizinhlamvu zesikhunta ezihlukahlukene ukuze zakhe i-mycorrhizae. Abe esetshalwa emasimini, alinde ukuthi kukhule izihlahla namakhowe, bese kuthi ekugcineni izothuthukisa amakhowe ngemva kwenkathi yemvula, okungase kuthathe iminyaka emihlanu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe besimanje kakhulu buvumela ukufafaza imbewu yezihlahla ngqo ngaphambi kokutshala.
Uma sinendawo emnyama, enomswakama futhi epholile ukuwenza asebenze, khona-ke amakhowe e-saprophytic ayizibolisi zezinto eziphilayo, njengamakhowe e-shiitake noma amakhowe e-oyster. ingatshalwa ekhaya. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa ingxube yotshani berayisi kanye nomquba wenkomo, kufakwe ama-spores fungal futhi kupakishwe. Eqinisweni, lawa maphakheji asevele etholakala ngokwentengiso futhi sidinga nje ukuwagcina nokuwanisela njalo. Amakhowe esikhunta azovela kancane kancane phezulu.
Amakhowe ehamba
Ama-Myxomycetes awuhlobo olungavamile kakhulu lwesikhunta olwakha uhlobo lwe-plasticine block esikhundleni semicu engaphansi komhlaba. Baphila ngokubola kwezinto eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi iziqu zamahlathi anomswakama, aphuzi ngokugqamile, abomvu noma awolintshi. Zibukeka njengekhandlela elincibilikisiwe noma ibhola lobumba, futhi ziyanyakaza zifuna izinto ezizobola. Lokhu bakwenza ngokukhiqiza imisinga ye-plasma yeselula esunduza ukhunta endaweni ethile.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamakhowe nobuthakathi bunomlando omude, ngoba amanye amakhowe anobuthi awabulali abantu, kodwa anemiphumela. ethokozisayo noma i-hallucinogenic, eyayisetshenziswa enkolweni yabathakathi basendulo. Njengesibonelo salokhu, indandatho yomthakathi iyindandatho yamakhowe evela endaweni ehlanzekile ehlathini futhi ngobuchwepheshe ibizwa ngokuthi "i-aril."
Obhasikidi abanezintambo ezisetshenziswa abakhi banesizathu semvelo: ukusiza isikhunta sande. Uma sifaka isikhunta kubhasikidi, sikhipha izinhlamvu, futhi njengoba sihamba ehlathini, lezi zinhlamvu zizowela phansi ngemigodi eshiywe yindwangu ye-wicker ukuze sikwazi ukusabalalisa.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-curiosities yamakhowe.