Namuhla sizokhuluma ngokujulile mayelana i-chickpea. Kuyimbumba esetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ngezici zayo ezinhle zokudla okunempilo. Okomndeni we-legume futhi igama lawo lesayensi ngu I-Cicer arietinum. Bayakwazi ukuhlala ngokubambisana namagciwane ohlobo lohlobo I-Rhizobium sp. Lawa ama-microorganism akwazi ukulungisa i-nitrogen ekhona emoyeni esitshalweni nasenhlabathini.
Ngabe ufuna ukwazi konke nge-chickpea ngokujula? Uma ufuna ukufunda ukuthi ungayikhulisa kanjani, qhubeka ufunde 🙂
Izici eziyinhloko
IChickpea yaziwa kakhulu kuwo wonke umlando. Namuhla sekufakazelwe ukuthi yi-legume enamandla amancane ukulungisa i-nitrogen yakho konke. Uma kuqhathaniswa nodali noma ubhontshisi, iyakwazi ukulungisa uhhafu. Ngaphezu kokuba nalesi sikhundla esiphansi, kuyazwela kakhulu ku- isifo esibizwa ngamarabi (I-Dvdimella robiei). Lesi sifo senzeka ebusika. Ukuze bangasithinti lesi sitshalo, abalimi babambezele ukutshala i-chickpea isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, amabhaktheriya angama-symbiotic alibanga nesikhathi sokwenza nokufeza umsebenzi wawo.
Izimpande zawo zijule impela futhi unakho iziqu ezinamagatsha nezinoboya. Isiqu esikhulu siyindilinga futhi sinezindlala eziningi ezihlanganisayo. Ngokuqondene namaxoxo, aqala ukukhiqizwa kusenesikhathi sokukhula. Amagatsha ayisisekelo akhiqiza kakhulu kunamagatsha wesibili akhiwa nge-sub-node.
Amaqabunga angaba yi-paripinnate ne-odd-pinnate kanti izimbali zawo zodwa.
Ngenxa yobudlelwano be-symbiont obenza ukulungiswa kwe-nitrogen kube nzima, usuku lokuhlwanyela kufanele lukhuliswe. Ngokukubambezela ngokuphelele, isivuno esisebenza kahle singatholakala futhi sizogwema ukuvela kwezifo zezitshalo.
Kutholakale ukuthi ukuzala kwenhlabathi kanye nenani le-potassium engatholakala yizici ezinemibandela ekukhiqizeni i-chickpea. Emithonjeni eyomile kukhiqizwa i-chickpea esezingeni eliphansi. Uma inani lokuhlwanyela lenyuka, ikhwalithi yembewu iyancipha.
Ngokulandelayo sizohlaziya umsebenzi wabo wokutshala.
Umsebenzi wokutshala iChickpea
I-Chickpea ikhuliswa ngemuva kokusanhlamvu okuthile. Ngakho-ke, kwenziwa ukukhuphuka emhlabathini cishe ngamasentimitha angama-20-30, njengenjwayelo. Umhlabathi kufanele ukhululeke ngaphandle kwezigaxa.
Iphutha elilodwa elenziwa ngumlimi ukwenza umsebenzi omningi kunesidingo. Lokhu kuholela emiphumeleni emibi esitshalweni. Okwamanje, kukhuphula izindleko zikadizili ngenxa yokusebenzisa ugandaganda kakhulu. Umphumela omubi kakhulu ukuthi ungqimba oluhle lomhlaba ocolekile, onothuli, lwakhiwa ngokubhujiswa kokuhlanganisiwe. Lezi zinhlanganisela ziyizakhiwo ezidinge iminyaka eminingi ukwakheka kwazo.
Kulula ukudlula ihabari eboshiwe noma okuthile okuvumela ukushiya umhlabathi ubushelelezi ngokuphelele. Kunconywa ukuthi indawo iyisicaba ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwamagoda noma izingqimba. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu wonke umsebenzi osele futhi kusiza ekusetshenzisweni nasekusebenzeni kahle kwe-herbicide.
Udinga muphi umquba?
Eminyakeni yamashumi amahlanu Kusetshenziswe ama-300-400 kg / ha womquba oyinkimbinkimbi kusuka ku-9-18-27. Ngemuva kweminyaka yocwaningo ngezitshalo ze-chickpea, sekuphothulwe ukuthi akukho mehluko. Ngamanye amagama, umkhiqizo ofanayo ungatholwa kusakhiwo esikhokhelwayo njengakwezinye ezingekho.
Kulezo zilimo lapho kufihlwa khona umququ wesitshalo sangaphambilini, kungenzeka ukuthi amagciwane amancane omhlabathi, avuselelwa yilomnikelo owengeziwe wezinto eziphilayo, ande futhi ancintisane ne-nitrogen ekhona nezitshalo. I-chickpea esanda kumila ayikwazi ukunikeza ukuncintisana okukhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokulungisa i-nitrogen. Lesi simo sengezwe eqinisweni lokuthi amabhaktheriya I-Rhizobium sp yizinambuzane ngesikhathi sesigaba sokufakwa kwezitshalo.
Ngalezi zizathu, abalimi basabalalisa umhlanganiso womanyolo we-nitrogen kuyo yonke insimu. Kungakuhle ngama-20-30kg ngehektha ngalinye. Ngokusetshenziswa kwalezi izakhi eziyisisekelo, umkhiqizo uyakhula futhi inzuzo iyanda. Lo obhalisile wenziwe ngendlela yendabuko.
Ukunakekelwa nezidingo
IChickpea ayimelani nesomiso. Kodwa-ke, idinga umswakama owanele ukuze imbewu ihlume. Ngokuvamile basebenzisa amanzi anqwabelene ezweni avela ezimvuleni ukuqala ukuhluma. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuchelela okwengeziwe kwenziwa, uzokuthokozela.
Ngokuvamile, ukuchelela kuthuthukisa isivuno nenombolo yama-pods, ngakho-ke uzoba nezithelo eziningi. Ukushisa okuhle kwe-chickpea ibanga eliphakathi kwama-degree angama-25 kuye kwangama-35. Yize ikwazi ukuhluma ngama-degree ayi-10, izokwenza kancane kakhulu.
Mayelana nohlobo lomhlabathi, kungakuhle ukuthi uhlwanyele enhlabathini e-siliceous enobumba noma ubumba obunobumba. Kuhle ukuthi phansi akunapulasta. Uma kukhona ubumba obuningi, bungaveza uhlobo lokuqina esikhunjeni sembewu. Uma umhlaba lapho utshalwe khona uqukethe i-gypsum, sizothola ama-chickpeas asezingeni eliphansi ngokujwayelekile. Lokhu ngeke kulungele ikhishi futhi kuzoba kubi kakhulu ukupheka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma inhlabathi inezinto eziphilayo ezingakaqedwa, izothinta kabi i-chickpea.
Iminyaka enomusa kakhulu ye-chickpea ihambisana nemvula enkulu. Uma lezo zimvula zigxila entwasahlobo, kungcono kakhulu. Inhlabathi elinywe ngokujulile ingcono kuyo, ngoba uhlelo lwayo lwempande seluthuthuke kakhulu futhi luyamelana nesomiso.
Kunconywa ukuthi ungaphindi ukulima kwawo ezweni elifanayo kuze kudlule iminyaka emine. Izindawo eziqondiswe eningizimu nasentshonalanga yizona ezelulekwa kakhulu. Yize zidinga umswakama ukuze zikhule, akukuhle ukuthi zigcinwe. Izwela kakhulu usawoti, ngakho-ke kufanele uqaphele inhlabathi namanzi okunisela. Inhlabathi ye-Airier ingcono.
Ngokuqondene ne-pH, ekahle iphakathi kuka-6 no-9. Kukhonjisiwe ukuthi lapho umhlabathi une-asidi kakhulu, iba nezinkinga eziningi zamagciwane.
Izinhlupho nezifo
Izinambuzane lapho i-chickpea iqondiswa khona kumnenke. Yize zingekho izindlela zokuyisusa (futhi ngaphansi uma isekhona), ayisilimazi isitshalo. Kuze kube manje, isilawuli esihle kakhulu somnenke sisebenzisa izithibelo ezine-metaldehyde njengesithako esisebenzayo, inqobo nje uma lesi silokazane sisebenza futhi izingqinamba zifakiwe.
Esinye isinambuzane izimbungulu zophondo (Ama-Dichelops furcatus). Le nkathazo ayithinti ama-chickpeas, kepha iphephela kuma-pods kuphela. Ama-insecticide angasebenza kuwo.
Izifo zihlobene yizibhaktheriya ze-symbiotic.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, i-chickpea izwela impela futhi kufanele unake kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwayo ukuthola izithelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme.