Njengasemhlabeni wezilwane nasemhlabeni wezitshalo kunezigaba eziningi, amaqembu nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, nakwezama-microorganism. Ngokuqondile, amabhaktheriya anomkhawulo ophawuleka kakhulu wezinzuzo zawo ezahlukahlukene: I-Cyanobacteria. Imvamisa zihlobene nolwelwe nezitshalo zasolwandle nezasemanzini zamathoni aluhlaza kanye noluhlaza okotshani.
Lezi zidalwa bezibaluleke kakhulu ezingeni lezemvelo nelokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ukutholwa kwakhe kwaba yimpumelelo emhlabeni wezitshalo. Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi nge-cyanobacteria, izici zazo kanye nezinzuzo kanye nokulimala, qhubeka ufunda le ndatshana.
Yini ama-cyanobacteria futhi atholakala kuphi?
Phakathi kwama-bacteria kune-phyla noma izigaba ezahlukahlukene, enye yazo i-cyanobacteria. Lokhu kunamandla okwenza i-photosynthesis ye-oxygen, lapho bathola khona ama-electron emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela bakhiphe umoya-mpilo njengomkhiqizo. Ngenxa yokuthi yiwona kuphela ama-prokaryote okwenza kanjalo, abuye abizwe ngokuthi i-oxyphotobacteria.
Isikhathi eside, i-cyanobacteria yaziwa ngokuthi i-cyanophytic algae, okusho ukuthi "izitshalo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka," noma ama-cyanophytes, okuhumusha ngokuthi "ulwelwe oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka." Kepha ngeSpanishi bavame ukubekwa njengolwelwe oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngemuva kokutholakala komehluko phakathi kwamaseli we-eukaryotic kanye ne-prokaryotic, kwatholakala ukuthi Kuphela la ma-algae prokaryotic akhona, yingakho igama le-cyanobacteria.
Kunezici ezimbalwa eziyinhloko ze-cyanobacteria esifuna ukuzigqamisa. Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, zingama-prokaryotic nama-unicellular. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlala emakoloni ngendlela yemigqa engamakhompiyutha, amashidi noma imicu. Esinye isici esizoqokomiswa ukuthi indawo ehlala kuyo kakhulu umhlaba omanzi namanzi. Kuyathakazelisa nokwazi ukuthi bayakwazi ukuhlala emazingeni okushisa aphezulu naphansi. Ngokuqondene nokuzala kabusha, lokhu kwenziwa ngokuhlukaniswa kwemicu yabo. Yize ukuba khona kwe-cyanobacteria kuzuzisa kakhulu emvelweni, ezinye izinhlobo zikhiqiza into enobuthi ekwazi ukufaka ubuthi kwezinye izidalwa ezihlanganyela imvelo efanayo.
Habitat
Izindawo ezijwayeleke kakhulu phakathi kwe-cyanobacteria yilezo zindawo ezine-lentic, okungukuthi, amachibi namachibi, ngaphandle kweziqu ezifile, amagxolo ezihlahla nenhlabathi enomswakama. Futhi, ezinye izinhlobo ziyi-halophilic futhi zihlala olwandle. Ezinye, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziyi-thermophilic futhi zihlala kuma-geys.
Njengoba i-cyanobacteria indala kakhulu, ama-niches abaze ukuzongena kuwo ahluke kakhulu. Yize zingafuneki kakhulu ngokwemvelo, zihlobene namanzi. Singazithola lezi zinto eziphilayo emhlabeni nasemanzini nasezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa aphezulu noma aphansi. I-cyanobacteria iyakwazi ukwakha izakhiwo ezinamakhemikhali futhi ihlala emanzini angcolile.
I-Cyanobacteria: Izibonelo
Yize kunama-cyanobacteria amaningi esinobufakazi bawo namuhla, sizogqamisa ambalwa kuphela. Isibonelo kungaba amabhaktheriya abizwa I-Aphanizomenonfls-aquae. Lezi zitholakala emanzini amasha nasasawoti. Yini enye, Zitshalwa ukuze zisetshenziswe njengomanyolo, ukudala izidakamizwa, noma ukudla. Esinye isibonelo kungaba ngamagciwane abizwa I-Arthrospiraplatensis, ebizwa nangokuthi i-Spirulinas. Zivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, singabathola emanzini abanokuqukethwe kwe-carbonate okuphezulu.
I-Cyanobacteria: Izinzuzo kanye neHarms
Njengamanye amabhaktheriya amaningi, i-cyanobacteria ibaluleke kakhulu emvelweni nasekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo. Ngenqubo ye-photosynthetic ye-oxygenic, baba nomthelela omkhulu ekungeniseni umoya-mpilo womkhathi wakudala. Ngaphandle kwalomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu, yizona kuphela izidalwa ezingalungisa i-nitrogen esemkhathini. Leli khono libalulekile kulabo bantu abaphila ngokubambisana ne-cyanobacteria, njengoba behlinzeka ngama-nitrogenous compounds abawadingayo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona isikhunta, i-protozoa, nezinye izitshalo. Iqiniso elifuna ukwazi ukuthi i-cyanobacteria ayinalo udonga lweseli ku-lichen, olusebenza njengama-chloroplast akhiqiza ukudla komngane wawo.
Ngendlela efanayo, ukufakwa kwama-nitrogen enhlabathini kubenza bakhethe okuhle kumanyolo, ngoba bathuthukisa ikhwalithi yenhlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cyanobacteria yayiqala ukwenziwa ngokukhiqizwa kwe-chlorophyll A no-B kanye nezinye izingulube ze-photosynthetic. Futhi bangabokuqala bama-chloroplast kuzo zombili izitshalo zomhlaba kanye nolwelwe.
Kodwa-ke, akufanele sikukhohlwe lokho ezinye izinhlobo ze-cyanobacteria zikhiqiza ubuthi obuthile obuyingozi ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo ezihlala endaweni efanayo noma ezidla amanzi lapho lezi zinto zitholakala khona. Ubuthi abukhiqizayo bungaba ngezinhlobo ezahlukene:
- I-cytotoxic: Bahlasela amaseli.
- I-hepatotoxic: Bahlasela isibindi.
- I-Neurotoxic: Bahlasela isimiso sezinzwa.
Umhlaba we-botanicals ubanzi kakhulu futhi uthakazelisa kakhulu. Isidalwa ngasinye sinikela ngamakhono aso ukuze imvelo isebenze futhi inakekelwe. I-cyanobacteria, yize inobuthi abangabukhiqiza, iyingxenye yemicu ehlukahlukene ebengeke ifane ngaphandle kwabo. Ukuze sigweme izinguquko ezingadala ukunyamalala kwezinhlobo ezingenakubalwa zazo zonke izinhlobo, kufanele sinakekele iplanethi.