Isithombe - Pnwhandbooks.org
Ukuhlwanyela kuyinto ehlala igculisa kakhulu futhi ifundisa njalo. Kuningi esingakufunda kuyo yonke inqubo, kusukela osukwini lokuqala sithatha imbewu siyifaka ebhodweni, ngoba imvamisa azikho izinkinga. Manje, labo aba ... zingabulala izitshalo zethu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Mhlawumbe kuke kwenzeka kuwe, ukuthi ube nezithombo ezinempilo nezikhulayo, nokuthi ngokuzumayo ziqale ukubuna. Awukaziboni izimpawu zesifo, ngakho-ke cishe bekuyi- ukudambisa-off. Kodwa yini ngempela lokhu? Kungavinjelwa?
Kuyini ukuthambisa amanzi?
I-Damping-off yigama lesiNgisi elisho i- intando yefungal yezithombo. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi ukubola kwezithombo noma ukwehla kwezithombo. Lesi sifo sibangelwa isikhunta, ikakhulu yiso sohlobo lwePhytophthora, Rizoctonia nePythium.
Inkinga ngalezi zinto eziphilayo ukuthi zizala ngokushesha okukhulu kangangokuthi zibulala isitshalo esikhathini esincane kakhulu. Ngokudabukisayo ikhambi elingcono kakhulu ukuvimbela, ngoba kuze kube manje awekho ama-fungicides asebenza ngempela atholakele angawaqeda.
Ungakuvimbela kanjani?
Yize izinga lokufa kwezithombo liphezulu kakhulu uma isikhunta sesiqale ukulilimaza, empeleni kulula kakhulu ukuvimbela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngincoma ukuthi ulandele lezi zeluleko:
- Sebenzisa noma nini lapho ungakwazi okusha kanye / noma okuhlanzekile kwe-substrate nezithombo.
- Phatha imbewu nge-fungicide (isibonelo, ithusi noma isibabule) ngaphambi kokuyihlwanyela, nombhede wembewu kanye ngenyanga nge-spectrum ebanzi ye-fungicide liquid.
- Indawo imibhede yembewu elangeni eligcwele, ngaphandle uma kuwuhlobo lomthunzi.
- Evita ukuchelela ngokweqile.
- beka i- ubuningi bezimbewu ezi-2 ku-alveolus ngayinye.
- Uma kukhona izithombo eziqala ukwehla, ikhumule futhi wenze ukwelashwa kwefungal.
Ngale ndlela, nakanjani uzokwazi ukukhulisa inani elikhulu lezithombo 🙂.
Sawubona Monica !!!
Sengizohlukanisa imbewu ye-coniferous futhi ngifunda inqubo yokuqeda inhlekelele.
Mayelana nendatshana yakho ngithanda ukukubuza imibuzo ethile.
Ngaphambi kokubeka imbewu, kufanele ngiyibeke emaceleni, kufanele ngibeke i-fungicide yethusi noma isibabule noma yomibili?
Ngabe ngiwafaka emanzini lapho kufanele ubeke khona imbewu amahora angama-24 noma ngemuva kokuyikhipha emanzini?
Amathileyi engizowasebenzisa amasha ngokuphelele, ingabe kufanele ngiwafafaze ngethusi, isibabule noma yomibili?
I-substrate ngokuqinisekile kufanele ibe yi-50/50 peat nesihlabathi. Ngabe kufanele ufafaze i-substrate nge-fungicide yethusi, isulfure noma kokubili?
Ngikhipha isihlabathi emfuleni oseduze kwendlu yami bese ngiwufaka ku-microwave imizuzu eyi-15 ngamandla amakhulu. Ungakwenza okufanayo nge-peat noma vele usebenzise i-fungicide yethusi, isulfure noma kokubili?
Lapho izithombo sezisembhedeni wazo futhi zibekwe elangeni futhi zingena umoya kahle, ngabe kufanele siqhubeke nokwenza umuthi wokubulala isikhunta ngethusi, isibabule noma zombili?
Njalo kufanele unikeze izinsuku ezingaki ukwelashwa?
Ingabe ithusi nesibabule kungahlanganiswa emanzini afanayo? Isibonelo, ithusi lingu-3g ilitha elilodwa lamanzi nesibabule ngokufanayo, ngifaka ilitha elilodwa lamanzi, i-1g yethusi ne-1g yesibabule? Noma kungaba ukufaka i-3g yethusi ne-3g yesibabule kumalitha amabili amanzi?
Ngiyazi ukuthi kunemibuzo eminingi kepha kukhona nokungabaza okuningi lapho kungachazwanga kahle kumasayithi engibonisene nawo.
Siyabonga kusengaphambili
Sawubona Ricard.
Ngikuphendula ngezingxenye 🙂:
-Ngaphambi kokuzihlukanisa ungazinika ibhavu nesibabule noma ithusi (akudingekile ukuzixuba, ngoba zombili zinezinto ezifanayo zokulwa nesikhunta).
-Ungabanika lokho kugeza engilazini bese uba nakho amahora angama-24.
-Uma amathileyi emisha, akunandaba ukwelashwa.
-I-substrate inconyelwa ukuyiphatha. Ukuphela kokufanele ukwenze ukufafaza ingaphezulu nesibabule noma ithusi bese ukufafaza ngamanzi.
-Uma zihluma, futhi ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uqhubeke nokuphatha i-substrate ngesulfure noma ngethusi. Ehlobo, kufanele kusetshenziswe ama-fungicides oketshezi.
-Ukwelashwa kuyaphindwa kanye ngesonto noma njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15; Lapho ubona ukuthi cishe akusekho
-Uma ufuna ukuwaxuba, ungakwenza ngokungeza i-7g yethusi nenye i-7g yesibabule ku-1l wamanzi.
A ukubingelela.
Ngokwalokho engikuqondayo, ngingahlanza i-substrate ngokususa uthuli ngensimbi bese ngicola amanzi.
Ngenhlabathi engiyithola emfuleni, ngingayigeza (ngemuva kokuyigeza) ngethusi ngiyishiye lapho amahora angama-24 ukuyifaka inzalo?
Ngokwazi kwami, ama-conifers ahlala ehlotshaniswa nefungus ukuze aphile. I-microcurl yezimpande kumele ibe nayo. Uma ngiphatha i-substrate nge-fungicide, ucabanga ukuthi izimpande zizokwazi ukwenza i-micro-crimp?
Emiyalweni yokuhluma enginayo, ayisho lutho ngokubeka isikhunta embewini. Ngakho-ke ukungabaza kwami ngale ndaba.
Angazi noma ngingalibeka yini ikhasi engithenge kulo imbewu kusuka lapha.
Ngizokunikeza imiyalo (ehunyushiwe) yokuhluma kwembewu.
Nakhu kuhamba:
IPINUSI
(I-Pinus strobus)
Izimbewu zikaphayini omhlophe osempumalanga kulula ukuthi ziqhume futhi zikhule. Ukulala ngaphakathi kwembewu kufushane futhi kuphuka kalula. Lokhu kufinyelelwa yisikhathi esifushane sokubanda esiqandisini.
Okokuqala cwilisa imbewu emanzini amahora angama-24. Khipha ngokuphelele wonke amanzi bese ufaka imbewu esikhwameni sefriji esineziphu. Faka imbewu efrijini, kubalulekile ukuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi imbewu ingomi noma ikhukhuleke, ngaphandle kwalokho ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuzobe kungasebenzi.
Ngemuva kwamasonto angaba ngu-8 kulezi zimo imbewu isilungele ukuhlwanyelwa. Ngokuvamile, imbewu izoyeka ukuhluma ngaphandle kokuthi iphathwe ngale ndlela, ukumane utshale imbewu engalashwa emqubeni ekamelweni lokushisa ngeke kuqede ukulala futhi ukuhluma kungadumaza.
Gcwalisa isitsha sakho osikhethile ngomquba omuhle wekhwalithi ejwayelekile. Iziqukathi ezifanelekile kungaba izimbiza zezimbali, amathreyi embewu noma amathreyi epulagi, noma iziqukathi zesikhashana ezinemigodi yokuhambisa amanzi.
Qinisa umquba kahle bese uhlwanyela imbewu phezulu. Uma uhlwanyela ama-plug trays, hlwanyela imbewu eyodwa noma ezi-1 kuseli ngalinye. Mboza imbewu ngamamilimitha ambalwa we-vermiculite noma wehluleke ukuthi ungqimba omncane wokuhlunga umquba.
Landela ngokunisela okumnene futhi uwagcine ekamelweni lokushisa. Ukuhluma kuzoqala emasontweni ambalwa emva kokuhlwanyela. Izithombo ziqinile futhi azinazinkinga futhi ngokuvamile zikhula zifike kubude obungu-5-12 cm ngenkathi yokuqala yokukhula kuye ngosuku lokuhlwanyela nangamasu amasiko. Izithombo ezitshalwe ngobuningi zisengozini yezifo zefungal ezifana ne "DAMPING OFF" ebangelwa isikhunta i-PHYTOPHTHORA, RIZOCTONIA, PYTHIUM, engadala ukulahleka okusheshayo kwezithombo eziningi.
Izithombo ezikhulayo kufanele zibe kahle elangeni, zigcinwe ziniselwa kahle, futhi zingabi nokhula oluncintisanayo. Ukukhula kuzoshesha ngonyaka wesibili nakulandelayo futhi izithombo ezisathuthuka zizothuthwa zisuswe lapho kudingeka khona, okungcono ngenkathi yesikhathi semvula. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili noma emithathu bakulungele ukutshalwa endaweni yabo yaphakade. Lolu hlobo luzokhula lube lukhulu kakhulu, lusheshe kakhulu ngakho tshala kude nezakhiwo, izintambo zikagesi, njll.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ayifaki i-fungicide futhi iyangihlanyisa !!!!
Un saludo
Sawubona Ricard.
Yebo, isihlabathi singagezwa ngethusi ukuze kuqedwe noma isiphi isikhunta okungenzeka sinaso.
I-substrate ihlala inconywa ukuthi iphathwe nge-fungicide. Yize kuliqiniso ukuthi ama-conifers adinga ukusungula ubudlelwano bokufanelana nesikhunta (i-mycorrhizae) ukuze bakwazi ukukhula ngaphansi kwezimo, lapho sebekhulile ezimbizeni kufanele belashwe kusuka enzalweni enama-fungicides, ngaphandle kwalokho sizolahleka kakhulu.
Okungenziwa ukuthenga i-mycorrhizae, eqala ukuthengiswa ezinkulisa, bese uqala ukuyisebenzisa lapho izithombo sezidlulile izinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokuphila, okuyizinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Enye indlela ukusebenzisa isinamoni, enezinto ezilwa nesikhunta kepha inamandla amancane.
A ukubingelela.
Siyabonga ngolwazi !!!
Ngizokutshela ukuthi kuhambe kanjani.
Phendula ngokucaphuna
Ngikufisela inhlanhla!!
Sawubona, Dra Monica, ngitshala izitshalo zikapelepele eduze ne-Cartagena, eColombia. Ngenxa yezimo zokushisa nezinye izinto, izitshalo eziningi zahlushwa yilesi sifo.Ngifisa ukwazi ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuvumela ukuzalwa kwezimpande ezintsha endaweni ethintekile futhi ngaleyo ndlela kusindiswe izitshalo? Ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngiyabonga kakhulu.
Sawubona Fredy.
Okokuqala, ngiyabonga ngokungibiza ngodokotela kodwa angisiye 🙂.
I-damping-off yisifo esibi sezithombo, zonke zivame ukufa kusukela lapho izimpande, lapho sizibona, sezivele zithintekile kakhulu.
Okuhle kakhulu okungenziwa ukuyivimbela, ukwenza izindlela zokuvikela nge-fungicide, noma uma kuyizitshalo zokusetshenziswa kwabantu njengoba kunjalo, ukufafaza ngesibabule noma ithusi entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
A ukubingelela.
Sawubona Nksz. UMonica, ngemuva kokubingelela okuhle, ngiyabuza, ngabe ukufaka i-mycorrhizae kuqinile noma kuketshezi kunomthelela ofanayo ezitshalweni?
Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi ukususwa damping kungalawulwa ngokuba ne-substrate efanelekile nehlanzekile? nokulawula inani lamanzi?
ngiyabonga ngempendulo yakho
romulus solano
Sawubona Romulo.
Iqiniso ukuthi angikaze ngithenge i-mycorrhizae futhi angazi ukuthi inomphumela ohlukile ngokuya ngemodi yokufaka isicelo. Ngicabanga ukuthi kuketshezi kunomphumela osheshayo njengoba vele ehlanjululwe emanzini, kepha angazi i-100%.
Mayelana nokuncishiswa. Uma kusetshenziswa i-substrate efanelekile nehlanzekile futhi nezingozi zilawulwa, ingozi yokuvela kwayo incane, kepha ikhona. Kuhlala kungcono njalo ukuphepha.
A ukubingelela.
Sawubona nginezitshalo eziningana zikatamatisi ezethulwa zilenga esiqwini engingazibeka ukuzilapha
Sawubona Patricia.
Ungabaphatha ngethusi (entwasahlobo nasekwindla) noma nge-fungicide spray (ehlobo).
A ukubingelela.
Sawubona! Izitshalo ezihlukumezekile zingasinda? Uma kunjalo, ngabe bazoba nezinkinga zokukhula noma okufana nalokho?
Sawubona isizungu.
Azivamile, ngoba zicabanga ukuthi ukhunta usuka ezimpandeni uye phezulu. Umboko ugula ngokushesha, futhi njengoba uyisitshalo esincane kangaka uvame ukufa.
Yingakho kubalulekile ukwelashwa ngama-fungicides ngaphambi kokuba imbewu ihlume.
A ukubingelela.