Njengoba besho: zonke izenzo zinomthelela, noma ngabe le miphumela akufanele ibe yimbi, noma okungenani ingabi yiwo wonke umuntu. Kungani sisho lokhu? Ngoba kunenqubo eyenzekayo namuhla ezindaweni eziningi ezingamaxhaphozi, njengamaxhaphozi, amachibi ngisho nasolwandle oluphakathi nezwe, okuguqula leyo mvelo.
Kuyaziwa ngegama le- ukukhishwa kwesichazamazwi futhi kuyinto ecebisa imvelo, kepha ngokwengxenye kuphela. Ake sibone ukuthi iqukethe ini.
Kuyini i-eutrophication?
Isithombe - Wikimedia / F. lamiot
I-Eutrophication, eyaziwa nangokuthi inkinga ye-eutrophic noma ye-dystrophic, Yigama elinikezwe ukunothisa ngokweqile imvelo yasemanzini. Ukucacisa ngokuthe xaxa, kulapho i-ecosystem, ichibi, ulwandle, ichibi, njll., Ithola izakhamzimba eziningi kunalokho ezikudinga ngempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo manyolo uvame ukuba ne-nitrogen ne-phosphorus, ukuze ulwelwe olunama-unicellular, njengama-diatom nama-chlorophytes, luqale ukwanda emanzini amasha, luphele nge-cyanobacteria.
Eyokugcina izokwakha ungqimba olungaphezulu, oluvimbela ukukhanya kwelanga ukuthi kufinyelele ekujuleni. Ngalesi sizathu, kusukela lapha kuqhubeke, okwenzekayo ukuthi inzika iyakhiqizwa, iya ngokwanda, kuze kuthi, emva kwesikhathi (iminyaka), kwakheke inhlabathi eqinile ngokwanele ukuze kukhule izihlahla nezinye izitshalo.
Ziyini izimbangela?
Izimbangela zingaba yizinhlobo ezimbili: zemvelo noma zemvelaphi yomuntu. I- zemvelo Yibo, njengoba igama labo liphakamisa, labo abavela kwimvelo uqobo, ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. Izitshalo zidinga i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus ukuze zikhule; empeleni, zibaluleke kakhulu kubo kangangokuthi zithathwa njengama-macronutrients yizazi zezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, njengoba zifa, lezi zakhi zomzimba zikhishelwa emhlabathini.
Uma izimo ezifanele zihlangatshezwa, okungukuthi, uma inani lezinto eziphilayo zezitshalo ezibuyiselwa emhlabeni likhulu, noma okungenani, lifakwa njalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungalindelwa ukuthi uhlelo lwezemvelo luzoshintsha. Lokhu kuvamile. Kwenzeka esikhathini esedlule, kuyenzeka manje, futhi kuzoqhubeka kwenzeke kuze kube sekugcineni kwezinsuku, ngakho-ke akumele sikhathazeke.
Kepha manje ake sikhulume ngezimbangela anthropogenic, ngalokho okwenziwa ngabantu, futhi ikakhulukazi abalimi noma abathanda ingadi. Abantu abatshala izitshalo, ngokuvamile, bavame ukuthenga umanyolo ocebile nge-nitrogen kanye / noma i-phosphorus. Akuyona inkinga: izitshalo, njengoba sishilo, zidinga lezo zakhamzimba. Okukhathaza kakhulu ukusetshenziswa komanyolo nomquba ngokweqile, ngoba ngaphandle kokufuna singangcolisa lawo manzi, siguqule uchungechunge lwe-trophic futhi sibeke engcupheni ibhalansi ye-ecosystem. Kungani?
Kulungile-ke wonke la ma-nitrate angagcina ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi komhlaba, noma angagezwa olwandle ngesikhathi semvula enamandla, okuyilokho okwenzekayo ngokwesibonelo ezingxenyeni eziningi zaseSpain. Kuleli lizwe kunezindawo eziningi lapho umhlaba uhlala womile izinyanga eziningi ngonyaka ukuze uhlangane kakhulu, ungangeni manzi, futhi futhi ushise. Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, lapho kuqala ukungena imisinga yomoya obandayo, kuba nezimvula ezinamandla kangangokuba zithwala konke ezingakuthwala zihambe nakho.
Kuyimvula, kungamanzi. Yebo. Kodwa izitshalo azikwazi ukusizakala ngalutho, ngoba kuthatha izakhamzimba, emanzini uqobo, kanye nakulokho esikufakile lapho sikufaka umanyolo.
Imiphumela ye-eutrophication
Imiphumela ye-eutrophication yehlukile. Kepha ngaphambi kokuqamba amagama, ngithanda ukuthi wazi okuthile: uma kungokwemvelo, le nqubo ithatha amakhulu eminyaka. Kwenziwa kancane, isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuthi wonke umuntu okuleso simiso semvelo abe nesikhathi sokuzivumelanisa. Ngale ndlela, uchungechunge lokudla aluguqulwa, ngakho-ke impilo iyaqhubeka ngokujwayelekile.
Kodwa lapho ivela kumuntu, leyo nqubo ithatha amashumi eminyaka kuphela. Impilo yomuntu yinde ngokwanele ukuthi imvelo ishintshe. Kungakho kubalulekile, manje, ukwazi i- imiphumela ye-anthropogenic eutrophication (womuntu):
- Iphunga lamanzi lithola iphunga elibi kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukubola kuyanda, futhi nomoya-mpilo uyaphela. Ngenxa yalokho, kungaba nokulahleka kwezomnotho emkhakheni wezokuvakasha.
- Ukunambitheka kwamanzi kushintshiwe, iba engakulungele ukusetshenziswa.
- Ngenxa yokuqongelela kweziduli, umbhede womfula okwakudingeka ukuthi uhambe kuwo kungenzeka ungabe usakwazi ukuhamba ngomkhumbi.
- Izinhlobo ezihlaselayo ziyavela, abakulungele kakhulu ukuhlala kuleyo ndawo eshintshiwe kunaleyo yabomdabu.
- Kwezinye izimo, ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo kuvusa ukukhula kwamagciwane anobuthi izinyoni kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo. Isibonelo, yena I-Clostridium botulinum, esibangela i-botulism, isifo esithinta ikakhulukazi izingane zabantu.
Ukubheka konke lokhu, siphikelela ekusetshenzisweni kahle komanyolo, ikakhulukazi omanyolo. Sineplanethi eyodwa kuphela, futhi yize sithanda ukuba nezitshalo ezinakekelwa kahle, ngokwengeza umquba omningi noma umanyolo, ngeke sizenze zikhule ngokushesha, noma zithele izithelo eziningi. Eqinisweni, okuvame ukwenzeka kuphambene kakhulu: izimpande zawo zonakele, amaqabunga ayayeka ukuthola ukudla, futhi ezimweni ezinzima, sishiywa singekho isitshalo.
Masifunde ilebula lemikhiqizo yezolimo esiyithengayo bese silandela imiyalo ngokucophelela, ukuze kuzuze izitshalo, iplanethi, nokwethu.