Uma sikhuluma ngokutshalwa okukhulu nomsebenzi wezolimo, asihlali sibhekisa ezinhlotsheni ezimbili eziyinhloko ezikhona: ezolimo ezinisela kanye nezolimo ezitholwa yimvula. Namuhla sizogxila ekuhlaziyeni ezolimo eziniselwa ngenkasa. Kunemizamo eminingi okufanele ihlaziywe ukuze kutholakale imiphumela emihle lapho kulinywa. Lokhu kusebenza kuzo zonke izici ze-agronomy. Uma sisebenzisa izinyathelo ezahlukahlukene ezilungile ngesikhathi esifanele, asikwazi ukuba nezithelo zekhwalithi ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Izici ezifana nenhlabathi, umanyolo, ukuchelela nezinye izinto ezihambisana nokutshala kumele kubhekwe.
Ngakho-ke, namhlanje sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela konke odinga ukukwazi ngezolimo oluniselwayo.
Izici zezolimo eziniselwayo
Uma sikhuluma ngalolu hlobo lwezolimo asibhekiseli kulokho okudinga ukuchelela okuningi. Kunezici eziningana okufanele uzicabangele ngokusebenza kahle. Izici ezifana nohlobo lwenhlabathi lapho sihlwanyela khona, umanyolo esiwusebenzisayo, inani lokunisela elidingwa izitshalo nezinye izinto ezihambisana nokuhlwanyela kanye nohlobo lokutshalwa. Uhlobo ngalunye lwamahlathi ludinga izidingo zalo ezithile. Imifino, ukotini, ilayisi kanye nezihlahla zezithelo kunesivuno esingcono uma sisebenzisa ezolimo eziniselwa ngenkasa. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kube lula ukuhambisa amanzi ane-asidi ezindaweni zokulima nokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokufakelwa ukunisela. Ukuze isivuno sibe nenzuzo ngangokunokwenzeka, zonke izimo ezikhona phakathi kwamanzi nesitshalo kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwazo kufanele zihlolwe ngaphambi kokwenza isicelo.
Ukuze ezolimo eziniselwayo zibe nenzuzo, zonke izinto kufanele zibhekwe futhi kusetshenziswe isivuno esihle kakhulu. Ukutshala izitshalo eziniselwa ngenkasa kudinga ulwazi olunembe ngokwengeziwe kanye nezakhiwo zokwakha. Imisele yamanzi, imisele, izifafazi, amachibi nezinye izakhiwo kuyadingeka ukunisela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela ezithuthukile ukuze zikwazi ukubala izindleko emanzini nakwezinye izinqubo. Uma kwenziwe kahle kungaba uhlobo oluzuzisayo kakhulu lwezolimo. Uma kupheleliswa nokuthi isenzo semvula singavuna ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo ngezindleko ezincane.
Izinsiza ezidingekayo
Okwezolimo okuniselwayo kukhona imishini edingekayo nemishini efanelekile kanye nezinsiza. Phakathi kwalezi zinsiza nemishini kuyadingeka ukuthi kube nezindawo zokugcina amanzi ezincane, imisele yamanzi, amabhara nezinye izinto ezikwazi ukuhambisa amanzi. Futhi Amanzi kufanele akhuthazwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ukugwema ukunqwabelana ngokweqile kwamanzi. Ngokunjalo, iziteshi zokumpompa kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuya ngobuso obuhlwanyelayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukufaka ezinye izinhlelo zokuhlukanisa ukunisela ukusabalalisa kangcono umthamo wamanzi.
Uma zonke lezi zinto sezixazululiwe, isazi sezolimo nomhlaba yiso esikhetha inqubo evumelana kahle kakhulu nezidingo zezitshalo nezendawo. Izindlela ezivame kakhulu ezisetshenzisiwe yilezo ze- ukufafaza nokunisela okunqunyelwe. Umfafazi unesenzo esifana naleso semvula, ngoba uthela amanzi ngokuwisa phansi. Indlela yokuchelela enqunyiwe idinga umsele ongohlobo lweplastiki futhi ofakwe ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi komhlaba. Lo mzila unezimbobo ezimbalwa lapho ukhipha khona imifudlana noma amaconsi amanzi lapho kuhlwanyelwa khona.
Ezolimo eziniselwa ngenkasa nazo zingasetshenziswa ngemifudlana noma ngemisele, izikhukhula, ukungena kwesiteshi noma ngokuhambisa amanzi. Kuzo zonke lezi zindlela okusetshenziswa kakhulu isikhukhula nomsele. Kodwa-ke, yizindlela ezidinga amanzi amaningi.
I-aspersion ithola imiphumela eyanele yize idinga izindleko eziphakeme. Kuyaqondakala njengoba inikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezikhanga kakhulu ezenza ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala, noma ngabe kuphakeme ngandlela-thile, kube utshalomali olunenzuzo. Okusho ukuthi, luhlobo lotshalo-mali lapho esikhathini esizayo unokonga okuhle impela. Lokhu kungenxa yokusebenza kahle lapho ukwelashwa kwamanzi kwenziwa khona.
Izinzuzo zezolimo eziniselwa ngenkasa
Manje sizohlaziya ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo zezolimo eziniselwa ngenkasa. Into yokuqala ukuthi Uma ziphethwe ngendlela efanele, zingonga amanzi afinyelela kuma-60%. Ezolimo eziniselwa ngenkasa kumele zinikeze ngenkasa elinganiselayo efanele izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitshaliwe. Futhi kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amancane, yize ikwazi ukumelana nezimo zangaphandle. Ingqalasizinda eyakhelwe ukukwazi ukubhekelela izitshalo ihlala iminyaka. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi.
Indawo ngeke ibe yinkinga kwezolimo eziniselwa ngenkasa ngoba izindlela eziningi zingasetshenziswa cishe kunoma iluphi uhlobo lokukhululeka. Singazisebenzisa izindlela ngisho nasezingxenyeni ezincane. Isazi se-agronomist singaba nokulawulwa kwamanzi ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukwazi ukukhetha lezo ezinosawoti omningi uma isivuno sidinga lokho. Singazuza nakwezinye izakhiwo zalolu hlobo lohlelo olufana nalokhu okulandelayo:
- Ezolimo eziniselwa ngenkasa inzuzo enkulu ngokukhululeka ekulawuleni ukhula.
- Umphumela wokuvuna uyanda.
- I- ukuthambisa okuqhubekayo ukugwema ukuminyana kwezimpande.
- Ukuthela komhlaba kanye nethuba lokuqalisa ukusebenza kwemikhuba yezolimo kusiza ekusebenzeni kangcono.
Ububi bezolimo eziniselwa ngenkasa
Njengoba kulindelwe, akuyona yonke into engaba izinzuzo. Okubi kuqala, futhi mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi utshalomali oluzokwazi ukwamukela ezolimo oluniselwayo lungaba phezulu impela. Konke kuzoncika kokuguqukayo okufana ne- Izici zomhlaba, uhlobo lwesitshalo esenzelwe kanye nekhompyutha yohlelo lonke lokunisela.
Esinye isici esithathwa njengesingesihle ukuthi ithuba lokuvala ama-drippers. Njengoba zinemigodi emincane, zingazwela ekuhlungeni nasekhwalithi ketshezi. Uma i-agronomist ikhetha ukusebenzisa amanzi anezakhi ezinosawoti omningi, kuyadingeka ukufaka imisebenzi ethile yokuwasha ekugcineni komjikelezo ngamunye wezolimo oniselwayo ukuze inhlabathi ingamunci wonke usawoti ngomphumela wokuziphindisela.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezolimo eziniselwayo.