Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni likhula ngesivinini, kanjalo nesidingo esikhulu sokudla siyakhula. Ukuze kukhuliswe ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo, ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kudlale indima ebalulekile kulokhu. Ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo sokudla, ezolimo kuye kwadingeka ziguquke phakathi namashumi eminyaka adlule. Ngakho-ke, i- ezolimo zendabuko ibilokhu iziguqula kancane kancane yaze yaba ezolimo zesimanje.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izici zezolimo zendabuko kanye nomehluko omkhulu okhona ngezolimo zesimanje.
Kuyini ezolimo zendabuko
Ezolimo zendabuko zibonakala ngokuba ubuchwepheshe obuncane kakhulu nokusetshenziswa okuphansi kakhulu kobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kwenza ukukhiqizwa kwayo okukhulu kungakhiqizi kakhulu. Ukukhiqizwa lapha kwenzelwa kuphela ukusetshenziswa komlimi nalabo abasebenza umhlaba. Kusetshenziswa amathuluzi afana nesikela, igeja noma ifosholo. Esimweni lapho abalimi benogandaganda, akuvamile ukuthi kusetshenziswe ngamandla amakhulu.
Ezolimo zendabuko zingumsebenzi obucayi kakhulu futhi ukukhiqizwa kwazo kuncike iningi lamakhono omzimba womlimi kanye nabasebenzi bakhe. Lokhu kwenza ukusebenza nokwenziwa kahle kwezinsizakusebenza zemikhiqizo engcono ziphansi. Kuzo zonke lezi zici kumele kungezwe ukuthi indlela umhlaba osetshenzwa ngayo akuyona indlela okwenziwa ngayo njengamanje. Indlela umhlaba osetshenzwa ngayo uhambelana nolwazi oluthile noma imikhuba yokhokho kanye nemikhuba edluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
Isibonelo, enye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa njalo ukwenza imfuyo ikwazi ukuhlala ezweni lapho kutshalwa khona izilimo. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukusebenzisa umquba njengomquba. Ezolimo zendabuko zaziwa nangokuthi ukuziphilisa ngokulima. Lolu hlobo lwezolimo Kususelwa kuma-polycultures ahlinzeka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla ongakusebenzisa. Kulokhu, lolu hlobo lwezolimo alugxile kangako kwezentengiselwano.
Sithola iningi lezolimo zendabuko emazweni asathuthuka njengamanye amazwe aseLatin America, e-Asia nase-Afrika. E-Europe siyakuthola futhi emapulazini amaningi azimele angahileleki kwezentengiselwano kepha anezolimo kakhulu njengokuzilibazisa.
Amasu wokukhiqiza
Njengoba sike sasho phambilini, ezolimo zendabuko azincikile ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe besimanje. Kususelwa emikhubeni edluliselwe esizukulwaneni ngesizukulwane isikhathi eside. Phakathi kwezici ezigqame kakhulu kwezolimo zendabuko yizinga lokwehlukahluka kotshani obakha izitshalo. Isu elenziwa ukwehlisa ubungozi ngokuhlwanyela izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo. Lokhu kusiza ekuqiniseni isivuno sezitshalo esikhathini esizayo, ukukhuthaza ukwehluka kokudla kanye nokuthola inzuzo ephezulu.
Kumele kungezwe ukuthi wonke amasu enziwayo enziwa ngamazinga aphansi obuchwepheshe kanye nezinsizakusebenza ezinqunyelwe. Amapulazi anezinto eziphilayo eziningi futhi anezitshalo ezicebisa inhlabathi ngezakhi zomsoco. Bazama futhi ukuvuselela inhlabathi nokusabalalisa ukukhula kwezitshalo ngokusebenzisa impova yezinambuzane, izidalwa ezinambuzane ukugwema izinambuzane nezifo. Basebenzisa amagciwane okulungisa i-nitrogen ukwenza lula ukukhula kwezitshalo. Kulolu hlobo lwezolimo kunezinye izinto eziningi eziphilayo ezenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yemvelo nezuzisayo ekukhiqizeni.
Kungashiwo ukuthi amasu enziwa ezolimo zendabuko asuselwa kwimvelo nakwimvelo.
Umehluko phakathi kwezolimo zendabuko kanye nezolimo zesimanje
Ngokungafani nalokho okwenzekayo ngezolimo zendabuko, ezolimo zesimanje zinezici eziphakeme zobuchwepheshe. Futhi ngukuthi lolu hlobo lwezolimo lufaka intuthuko yesayensi nobuchwepheshe ukwenza imikhiqizo esebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngenxa yokwethulwa kwalezi ziguquko Izinsizakusebenza ezinjengesikhathi nemali ziyagcinwa futhi inani eliphakeme nekhwalithi yokukhiqiza iyatholakala.
Yimfanelo ephezulu kakhulu yokukhiqiza echaza ezolimo zesimanje njengomsebenzi owenzelwe ukuthi ukwazi ukubhekana nezidingo zabantu nezimakethe. Iphinde isebenze ukukwazi ukuthengisa izinkulungwane zamathani ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Ngezolimo zendabuko kwakungeke kumakethwe futhi, uma kwenzeka kuba nenqwaba yezinsizakusebenza, yayifanele kuphela ukuhweba kwasendaweni. Kulesi simo, ezolimo zesimanje zivumela ukuhweba okukhulu ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Okungukuthi, izitshalo zingathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe lapho umkhiqizo wazo uphansi kakhulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamasu nokusetshenziswa kwemishini yesimanje kunciphisa ubungozi bokuncika kwezinye izinto zangaphandle njengesimo sezulu noma umsebenzi lapho kukhiqizwa. Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi ezolimo zendabuko zihlaselwa yizimo zezulu ezimbi noma abasebenzi. Ezolimo zanamuhla zizama ukuzimela ezimweni zezulu ukuze zinganciki kakhulu kuzo.
Ezolimo zendabuko zidinga amahora amade ukuze zikwazi ukuvuna izitshalo, kanti kwezolimo zesimanje lo msebenzi ungaphathiswa izinhlelo zokucacisa ezifakwe kubavuni. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenza ngokuzimela futhi zisebenza kahle kakhulu. Konke lokhu kuholela ekukhiqizweni okuphezulu ngezindleko eziphansi nangesikhathi esincane.
Ezolimo zanamuhla izinhlelo zokunisela, umanyolo, ukulawula izinambuzane, ukuqapha izitshalo kuyahlanganiswa, phakathi kokunye. Zonke ziyizicelo ezisiza ukwenza ngcono umkhiqizo futhi ezibahlukanisa nezolimo zendabuko. Usizo olunikezwa yibo bonke lobu buchwepheshe lutshekisa izikali ngokuya kwezolimo zanamuhla. Ngale ndlela, ezolimo zendabuko zihlala zifana nomkhondo walokho abantu ababeyikho emashumini eminyaka adlule.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezolimo zendabuko.