I-Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Izitshalo, uma zithola konke ezikudingayo, kunzima kakhulu ukuba nazo zibe nezinkinga, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuvela okuthile okungalindelekile: ukwehla okukhulu noma ukukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa, igatsha elenza ukuthi kuvuleke indlela yamagciwane, abantu abathena ngamathuluzi hhayi ihlanzeke kakhulu, ... Noma yini ingenzeka. Namabhaktheriya aziwa ngokuthi I-Agrobacterium tumefaciens izobe ikhona, ilinde ithuba elincane lokubathena amandla.

Yize lelo gama lingazwakali njengelutho kuwe, kungenzeka ukuthi usibonile isihlahla noma isihlahlana esinamaqhuqhuva noma izicubu esiqwini, endaweni esebenza njengenyunyana phakathi kwempande nesiqu uqobo. Ungacishe usho ukuthi ngumdlavuza wesitshalo, ngenxa yokuthi usakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani nomonakalo ongawudala. Masazi ukuthi kubangela ziphi izimpawu nokuthi zelashwa kanjani.

Yini I-Agrobasterium tumefaciens?

Kuyinto a amabhaktheriya angahlosiwe, shayela manje I-Rhizobium radiobacter, esatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke. Injengenduku, futhi ine-gram-negative (okungukuthi, ayibi nebala elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma i-violet ngombala we-Gram, kodwa kunalokho i-pink faint). Ukuhamba kwayo kuphezulu, futhi ine-flagella leyo projekthi kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Isebenzisa imithombo ehlukahlukene yekhabhoni.

Izithinta ziphi izitshalo?

Lokhu kuyigciwane elincane kuthinta ama-dicot, okuyizitshalo ze-angiosperm ezikhiqiza imbewu enama-cotyledon amabili noma ngaphezulu, izimbali ezine-calyx ne-corolla, uhlelo lwempande olwakhiwe nge-taproot (noma main) nezinye zesibili, futhi nazo ezinesiqu esingakhula ngobukhulu kusuka i-cambium yemithambo eyakha izinkuni.

Uma ufuna izibonelo, empeleni noma yisiphi isitshalo salolu hlobo singaba yisisulu saleli gciwane, kepha njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, kwesinye isikhathi umcimbi ongalindelekile, kwesinye isikhathi ingozi kanye / noma kwesinye isikhathi iphutha lomuntu lingenza isitshalo beyiphilile izolo.namhlanje kufanele ngilwe naleli gciwane.

Ekulimeni, imbangela evame kakhulu yokutheleleka yithina uqobo. Futhi ukuthi uma singawabulali amagciwane amathuluzi ngaphambi nangemva kokuwasebenzisa, uma singasebenzisi njalo iziqhekeza 'ezintsha' (ezisanda kuthengwa noma ngaphandle kokuzisebenzisa phambilini), noma uma sithola izitshalo ezinesifo, ingozi yokutheleleka kuphela ukwanda. Kukho konke lokhu, izihlahla nezihlahlana yizona ezisengozini kakhuluZombili izihlahla zokuhlobisa nezithelo, ikakhulukazi i-alimondi, i-apula, umnqumo, ipheya, i-rose, umvini, iplamu, i-poplar ne-quince.

Yiziphi izimpawu?

Lesi sifo siqala lapho amagciwane engena esiqwini sesitshalo, endaweni yentamo. Uma usufikile, kuvusa ukukhiqizwa kwama-auxins nama-cytokinins, okungama-hormone angaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile anesibopho sokukhula kwesitshalo, kepha ukuthi, uma sinesifo, sikhiqizwa ngaphandle kolawulo. Ngakho-ke, sizobona ukuthi kuvela izicubu ezikhula ngosayizi, entanyeni kanye / noma engxenyeni yasemoyeni (amagatsha), ngoba zisabalala ngokushesha.

Lezi zicubu noma ama-galls abunjwe njengezigaxa ezincane ekuqaleni, futhi abe makhulu kamuva. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, esivame ukuqondana nezinyanga zasentwasahlobo nasehlobo ikakhulu, ukuvuvukala kungavela esitshalweni, embulungeni nasemhlophe, okuzolula kancane kancane kufinyelele kubukhulu obukhulu obungafika kumasentimitha angama-30.

Ilashwa kanjani?

Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke siqukethe ukusebenzisa uhlobo 84, okuyinto avirulent. Ngokuvimbela i-agrobacteria ebanga izifo, iyona ethakazelisa kakhulu. Ukwelapha izitshalo ezinegciwane, noma okungenzeka zitheleleke, okwenziwayo ukufafaza ngomhluzi ngokumiswa kweseli kwamagciwane angenabungozi.

Kepha, njengoba sihlala sisho, ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha.

Ukuvimbela I-Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Yize besivele sisho izinto, kukhona okunye okubalulekile, okungenani, okufanele sikunake uma singafuni ukuqeda ngezitshalo ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ezigulayo. Ingabe okulandelayo:

Musa ukuthenga izitshalo ezimbi (njengoba uzithanda)

Ngikhuluma ngokwami ​​ukubona. Ukuya enkulisa futhi uyithole obukade uyifuna isikhathi eside kepha lokho akuhambisani nesikhathi sayo esihle ... kungenye yalezo zinto engingathandi ukuthi noma ngubani oqoqa izitshalo noma othanda ingadi. Kungani? Ngoba, noma ngabe kuzwakala njengokuhleka, umane ume lapho uyabuka ngenkathi unquma okufanele ukwenze. Y isinqumo esihle ukusishiya lapho sikhona, kodwa akusiyo njalo ekhethiwe.

Kodwa, Wazi kanjani ukuthi isitshalo siyagula? Ngokuvamile, akufanele uthenge izitshalo ezibonisa lezi zimpawu:

• Amaqabunga aphuzi, ansundu, noma amnyama
• Amabala amhlophe
• Ukubukeka kwesitshalo okudabukisayo
• Izimila eziyinqaba noma 'amaqhuqhuva' kwenye indawo (isiqu, amagatsha)
• Inezinambuzane (ama-aphid, mealybugs, red spider noma whitefly yizona ezivame kakhulu)

Hlukanisa izitshalo ezigulayo kulezo ezinempilo

Kubalulekile ukuba nekhoneni egcekeni elisebenza njenge- »infirmary», okungukuthi, indawo yokubeka izitshalo ezigulayo zize zilulame. Le ndawo kufanele ibe nomoya omuhle kepha ivikelwe emimoyeni enamandla nelanga eliqondile. Ngale ndlela, bazokwazi ukululama kangcono futhi ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokubeka abanempilo engcupheni.

Sebenzisa amathuluzi wokuthena abulawe amagciwane futhi umboze amanxeba ngophawu lokupholisa

Ama-microorganisms anganamathela kumathuluzi futhi angene ngokushesha ezitshalweni. Ukukugwema, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubulala amagciwane nge-pharmacy alcohol noma ngamaconsi ambalwa we-daishisher. Uma uqeda ukuthena, akulimazi ukubanika okunye ukubuyekeza.

Futhi ngasendleleni, uma usutheniwe, ikakhulukazi uma amanxeba ebemakhulu, welaphe ngokunamathisela okuphulukisayo (kuyathengiswa lapha). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uzovikela amabhaktheriya ukuthi angangeni, ngakolunye uhlangothi uzosiza inqubo yokwelashwa.

Ngakho konke lokhu, ungavimbela, mhlawumbe hhayi i-100% kepha ngamaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu, ukutheleleka ngu I-Agrobacterium tumefaciens.