Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesihlahla esihlala isikhathi eside esivela emahlathini ahlabayo enyakatho yeYurophu nase-Asia. Kuyi-alder noma i-alno. Igama lesayensi ngu I-Alnus glutinosa futhi ingeyomndeni waseBetulaceae lapho kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezi-30 zezihlahla nezihlahlana. Indawo yokwabiwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibandayo ze-hemisphere esenyakatho.
Lesi sihlahla sikwazi ukuhlala iminyaka eyi-120 futhi silinganise ngamamitha angama-30 ukuphakama. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi zonke izimfihlo zayo, ukunakekelwa nezimpawu ezikwenza kube okukhethekile? Qhubeka ufunde ukuthola konke.
Descripción
Lesi sihlahla esiphila isikhathi eside singaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-120. Yize ilinganiselwa kumamitha angama-30 ukuphakama, imvamisa iyizihlahla eziqondile futhi ezihlanzekile ngokwanele. Umqhele wayo umi ngokwephiramidi futhi amagatsha mancane. Yize ingakhula ibe isihlahla esikhulu ngokwanele, ivame ukugawulwa ibe izinkuni zokubasa.
Kungumuthi olula ukusibona nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Amaqoqo anawo anezimpawu ezithile ezimnyama nezine-ovoid strobili. Uma itholakala enhlabathini engajulile, kungabonakala ukuthi ayinayo impande yangempela, kepha ukuthi inezimpande ezithile ezizama ukwelula futhi zimboze indawo ephezulu kakhulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela zithathe izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ukuze zikhule.
Ngokuqondene namaqabunga awo, alula futhi ayashintshana. Singayithola ngobukhulu obusukela ku-6 cm ubude no-5 cm ububanzi. Yize kungumuthi onqabile, amaqabunga awo angahlala esihlahleni ebusika bonke uma kungekho moya omningi kakhulu noma imvula yokubenza bawe ngokuphelele. Ngentwasahlobo nasehlobo, inamaqabunga anombala oluhlaza nhlangothi zombili, yize ilula ngaphansi.
Umbala wesici se- I-Alnus glutinosa ubomvu ngokubomvu. Izimbali ngenyanga ka-Agasti noSepthemba futhi ivuthwa isabalalisa imbewu phakathi nenyanga kaMashi nango-Ephreli. Amagxolo abushelelezi anombala onsundu ohlaza okotshani futhi, njengoba ikhula futhi iguga, iba nokuthungwa okuqhekekile nombala ompunga onsundu noma omnyama.
Izidingo ze-Alder
Isimo sezulu
El i-alder kuyizinhlobo ze-arboreal eziphikisana kakhulu nokubanda. Ngenxa yaleli khono lokuzivumelanisa nezindawo ezahlukahlukene, likwazile ukusinda ngokuphelele kuze kufike emazingeni okushisa angama -17 degrees. Lapho amazinga okushisa eqala ukukhuphuka entwasahlobo, kepha kusekhona amakhaza asebusuku, kulapho kuba nokuzwela kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuyajwayela futhi "kuyaziphumuza" emazingeni okushisa amnandi ngokwengeziwe ngemuva kwamakhaza asebusika futhi amaqabunga aqala ukukhula. Yilapho isithwathwa sithinteka kakhulu.
Futhi ingabekezelela isimo sezulu esomile noma esomile, inqobo nje uma inhlabathi inomswakama owenele ongakwazi ukuhlala uhlanzekile futhi wondleke ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kuyamelana nesomiso kuze kube sezingeni elingaka. Ingaphila imvula yonyaka esukela ku-400mm kuya ku-2000mm. Uma lina kakhulu kungaba umswakama owedlulele futhi kungadala ukuminyana kwamanzi.
Ibanga lokushisa elikhulu le- I-Alnus glutinosa ingahlala ezimweni ezinhle iphakathi kuka-8 no-14 degrees. La mazinga okushisa avame kakhulu ezindaweni ezisenyakatho kakhulu zeYurophu.
Imvamisa
Ngokuqondene nomhlabathi, Akuyona inhlobo edinga kakhulu uhlobo lomhlabathi lapho itholakala khona. Iyakwazi ukukhula ngokuphelele emhlabathini womhlabathi we-granite kanye ne-limestone. Izici ze-mineralogical zalezi azinandaba kakhulu. Izinto zokunquma kulolu hlobo lomhlabathi inani lezinto eziphilayo ezikhona. Badinga umnikelo wezinto eziphilayo ukuze bakwazi ukuzondla kangcono kakhulu futhi bafinyelele ezindaweni eziphakeme abangakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo.
Izindawo ezivame kakhulu lapho sithola khona i-alder yilezo zinhlabathi eziswakeme kakhulu futhi ezisondele osebeni lwemifula namachibi. Singazithola siphansi kwezigodi lapho umswakama omningi nezinto eziphilayo zinqwabelana ngenxa yokudonswa kwethambeka. Ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi nakwezinye izigodo zingabonakala futhi ngenxa yomswakama wazo omkhulu. Kuyizinhlobo ezingosomathuba ezingakhula futhi zikhule kweminye imigodi yokuhambisa amanzi, zisebenzise amajika endawo ukuze zikhule ezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona umswakama nezinto eziphilayo.
Kuyizinhlobo ezinhle zezihlahla zenhlabathi lapho zitholakala khona kusukela lapho ifaka isandla ekwenzeni ngcono amandla omhlabathi ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen. Lokhu kungenxa yobudlelwano bokufanelana phakathi kwamagciwane atholakala ezimpandeni zawo nangenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen emaqabungeni awo abolile. Inhlabathi enenitrogen eyanele izoba namandla amaningi okuphakela izitshalo, izihlahla nezihlahlana ezihlala kuwo.
Ukuphakama, ukubekezelelana kanye ne-symbiosis
Singayithola I-Alnus glutinosa emazingeni amamitha ayi-1300 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Kuleli qophelo kunezimo ezifanele kakhulu zokuthi likhule kahle. Inokubekezelela okulungile kokukhanya. Iyakwazi ukuphila ngokukhanya kwelanga okulingene nasemthunzini ngezikhathi ezithile.
Mayelana ne-symbiosis eshiwo ngenhla, ukusebenza kwamagciwane ezimpandeni zawo kubalulekile ukuze, enhlabathini lapho etholakala khona, bakwazi ukulungisa i-nitrogen eyengeziwe futhi bandise ikhwalithi yenhlabathi lapho betholakala khona.
Ukunakekela i- I-Alnus glutinosa
Ukunakekela lesi sihlahla esivandeni sethu, into yokuqala ukuhlala endaweni ephakeme eduze nalesi esiyiqambe ngenhla ukuze ikhule ezimeni ezinhle. Badinga ukuvezwa yilanga noma umthunzi omncane kanye namazinga okushisa afudumele. Ngokuqondene nenhlabathi, noma ngokufanelekile, inomswakama ukuze ikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yayo
Akusona isitshalo esidinga kakhulu ngenhlabathi ezitholakala kuyo futhi ungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yaso ngokuba nezinga eliphakeme lokulungiswa kwe-nitrogen. Izingozi kufanele zibe ziningi ukuze inhlabathi ihlale igcina umswakama wayo ngaphandle kokuyikhukhula. Akudingi ukuthena noma umanyolo okhethekile.
Ungabandisa ngokusebenzisa ukusika okunzima okwenziwa lapho kungasekho isithwathwa kahle entwasahlobo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi uzofunda kabanzi ngalesi sihlahla esiphila isikhathi eside.