Uyazi umhlaba we-aquilegia? Lolu uhlobo lwezitshalo olufaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-60 futhi lumayelana nezitshalo ezikhula ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zeplanethi yethu.
Zonke izinhlobo zalolu hlobo zinobuhle bokuhlobisa obenza busetshenziswe kabanzi ikakhulukazi ezingadini zaseBrithani naseYurophu futhi kunezinhlobo zayo ezimbili, njenge I-Aquilea vulgaris futhi i I-Aquilea caerulea, eyaziwa kakhulu futhi esetshenziselwa lezi zinhloso.
Izici ze-Aquilegia
Ukuvela kwezitho ze-petaloid ku-eksisi yokuzala kuyinto emisha emangalisayo yama-angiosperms adlale indima ebalulekile ekuhlukaneni kwawo, ikakhulukazi kumongo wokuheha impova.
Okwenza izici zepetaloid zithakazelise kangako ukuthi kubonakala kungumbono omusha ongenasandulela esisobala kuma-gymnosperm akhona.
Kamuva, lapho amacembe eseguqukile, izinguquko ezicashile ngokwengeziwe ekubunjweni kwawo nasembaleni ziye zaba yizinto ezibalulekile ezavumela izinhlobo ukuthi zihehe futhi zigxile kuzinambuzane ezahlukahlukene.
Ngokombono wezakhi zofuzo, kunezici eziningi zezitho zepetaloid esingathanda ukuziqonda ngokwemigomo ye- izinqubo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuncane.
Ingabe izitho zikaphethiloli ziguquke kangaki? Ingabe ukukhula kwezakhi zofuzo kuyafana lapho izici zepetaloid zivela ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene?Ungakulawula kanjani ukukhiqizwa kwamacembe futhi lezi zindlela zofuzo ziguqulwa kanjani kumongo wezinguquko zempova?
Lezi zinhlobo zemibuzo zimboza inqwaba yezindlela ezahlukahlukene zofuzo. futhi zingaphendulwa kuphela ngokuhlaziya iqoqo lezinhlobo zofuzo ezahlukahlukene ngokulinganayo.
Izimbali zivame ukuba nezinhlobo ezimbili zezitho: zokuzala nokuzala. Ngenkathi izitho zokuzala zihlukaniswe ngama-stamens (androecium) nama-carpels (gynoecium), izitho eziyinyumba zibizwa ngokuhlanganyela ngokuthi i-perianth.
Isimo sezitho ze-petaloid siyinselele, ngoba kungenzeka kunoma yisiphi salezi zitho, kanye nasezithombeni ezimile okweqabunga ezinamaqabunga ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-bracts. Uma sikhawulela ukucabanga kwethu ku-perianth, kunokuhlukaniswa okuningi.
Kwamanye ama-taxa, njengoMagnolia noma uTulipa, izingxenye ze-perianth zifana nokubukeka okufanayo (i-petaloid noma cha), lapho kuthiwa yi-tepals. Ngokuvamile, i-perianth i-bipartite enezinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zezitho ezihlukile (ngokungafani nesimo sokungahambisani kwamathephu).
Kulezi zimo, izitho zangaphandle, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-sepals, zivamise ukwenzelwa imisebenzi yokuvikela, kanti izitho zangaphakathi, ezibizwa ngokuthi amacembe, zikhethekile kakhulu endimeni yokuheha impova.
Ngakho-ke, amacembe anendawo emile kwi-axis yezimbali, kuvunguza kwesibili phakathi kwama-sepals ne-androecium. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, Izici ze-petaloid zingenzeka kunoma yimaphi amakhoyili we-perianth.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko
I-Aquilegia vulgaris
Esinye sezitshalo ezibaluleke kakhulu nezisetshenzisiwe ngaphakathi kohlobo lwegciwane yi- I-Aquilegia vulgaris, okuyi- isitshalo esingapheli esivela ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa aphezulu e-Asia naseYurophu futhi kulula kakhulu ukuwathola noma kwabanye abantu ukuwabona ngaphansi kwamagama ajwayelekile noma ama-Aguileño.
Isiqu se-columbine singaba ngaphezu kwamamitha kancane futhi wethule izici ezondile futhi unoboya obumhlophe. Lesi siqu sivame ukuma futhi sikhombise ama-ramifications amaningi.
Lesi siqu kulapho kuvela khona amaqabunga, anombala oluhlaza okotshani, isisekelo esikhulu nepetiolate. Lawa maqabunga anezici ezihlanganisiwe futhi lowo mbala oluhlaza okotshani abawulethayo ungaba nemininingwane ethile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwezinye izimo.
Kepha ngokungangabazeki okuthakazelisa kakhulu encazelweni ye- I-Aquilea vulgaris futhi empeleni esinye sezici esenza ukuthi lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswe kuzo zonke izindawo ezifudumele zeplanethi njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa sobuhle obukhulu, kungenxa yezimbali zaso.
Izimbali zaso zikhombisa ukwakheka kwecilongo okukhetheke kakhulu futhi ingakhombisa umbala owodwa noma ukwakheka kwalokhu, ehlala njalo ivelela ubuhle bayo obumangalisayo. Lezi zimbali zizobonakala zihluma esiqwini sezimbali, esime kahle, sifinyelela cishe kumasentimitha ayi-7 ubude.
Imibala ehlukahlukene engaba yingxenye yalezi zimbali, kusukela kwezinye izimo zivame ukwakhiwa ngombala owodwa kokunye kube nemibala ehlukahlukene. Ungathola ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezinhlobo ezifanayo zemibala ephuma kokumhlophe, ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, ophuzi, owolintshi, opinki, onsundu, onsomi kanye ne-lilac.
Izimbali zivame ukwenzeka ekuqaleni kwehlobo, noma kunjalo Izimbali ezingakafiki zezimbali ziyaziwa phakathi kwezinsuku zokugcina zentwasahlobo. Imvamisa banesilinganiso sokukhula esisheshayo futhi banezimbali ongazijabulela minyaka yonke.
I-Aquilegia caerulea
Elinye lamalungu aziwayo omndeni wezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-60 ezakha umhlaba we-Aquilegias, yisibonelo i-caereulea, njengawo wonke umndeni wakhe, zinobuhle bomhlobiso ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kuzo ezingadini ezahlukahlukene
Lona isitshalo esingapheli esingafiki kubude obufanayo nodadewabo, kepha akukude kangako, ngoba isiqu saso singalinganisa cishe amasentimitha angaba ngu-20 kuya kwangu-70 cishe.
Amaqabunga awo ahanjiswa ngombala oluhlaza okhula ngamandla ngokuvuthwa kwawo nokuthi okugqame kakhulu, njengakuwo wonke amanye, ubuhle bokuhlobisa obungavezwa izimbali zayo.
Lezi zimbali zingatholakala ngemibala ehlukahlukene, engaba kusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani obucwebe kakhulu futhi ekhethekile yamehlo, iye kokumhlophe, ibuye idlule kwezinye izithunzi angaba kusuka kokuphinki okujulile kuye ophuzi okhanyayo.
Kepha ngeke kube munye kuphela wale mibala oyibona kulolu hlobo lwe- i-yarrow, kodwa kwezinye izimo bangakhombisa ikhwalithi ye-bicolor, kukhombisa ukwehluka okuhlukile kuma-sepals nakumacembe.
Ziyini izinkathazo zabo?
Endabeni yokufuna ukuhlakulela i-aquilegia ekhaya, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi kuyisitshalo esivame ukutholakala ngaphandles, ngoba idinga ukukhanya okuningi.
Ungaluthola lolu hlobo lokukhanya ngezindlela ezimbili, kungaba ngaphambili, okusho ukuthi, ekukhanyeni kwelanga okuqondile, ngaphandle kwalokhu okubangela ukuphazamiseka, noma futhi futhi nokunconywa okuningi, kungatholakala ngomthunzi oyingxenye.
Uma ufuna izimbali ezinempilo kakhulu futhi ezimibalabala ezivela kulezi zinhlobo zezitshalo, kumele babe nokukhanya kwamahora amane ngosuku. Kungakho lesi sitshalo singavame ukukhula ngendlela enhle ezindaweni ezingaphakathi, lapho ukukhanya kungadingeki khona.
Endabeni yokwenza ngale ndlela, sizobona ukuthi iziqu namaqabunga akhombisa kanjani ngendlela eyehlayo futhi lokhu kuhlobene kanjani ukudabuka okubangela isitshalo iqiniso lokuthi ungahlangabezani nesikhathi sokuchayeka ngqo ekukhanyeni nsuku zonke.
Alukho uhlobo oluthile lokunisela unyaka wonke walolu hlobo lwe I-Aquilegia, kahle Lokhu kuzoncika esikhathini esikuso nasesiteshini esidlula kuso.
Uma kwenzeka sizithola sikulezo zikhathi zonyaka lapho kuba khona amazinga okushisa amaningi nokuchayeka elangeni kunamandla, kungaba kanjani izikhathi zasehlobo, isitshalo sizodinga ukuchelela kaningi kakhulu kunangekwindla noma ebusika.
Okufanele la macala kungaba yilokho thola indlela yokuthola umswakama osemhlabathini, ukwazi ukuthi udinga amanzi angakanani. Lokhu kungenziwa ngobungcweti, ngemitha lomswakama womhlabathi noma ubuciko, ukungcwaba induku yokhuni, ukumba eduze kwesitshalo noma ukukala imbiza.
Umhlaba kufanele wethule isici esithile ekubunjweni kwawo okungaba luhlaka noma isihlabathi futhi lolu hlobo lwe-substrate, olunamapayipi abaluleke ngempela, kufanele lube manzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza isilinganiso somswakama, ukuze ingomi ngokuphelele futhi ukukhula kwayo kumiswe okwesikhashana.
Ukugcina umswakama womhlabathi uzinzile kuzohambisana nezinto ezibandakanya ukuchayeka elangeni, izinga lokushisa, umswakama wemvelo nokuthungwa kwe-substrate, ukufinyelela esimweni sokuthuthuka okukhulu kwesitshalo.