I-Asplenium

I-Los I-Asplenium Bangomunye wamafern athandwa kakhulu, futhi ngesizathu esihle. Iqiniso lokuthi unalawo maqabunga amade, ahlaza okotshani abenza bahehe ikakhulukazi emehlweni abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyizitshalo ezenezela ubuhle kanye 'nobushushu' engadini nasendlini.

Ukunakekelwa kwabo, noma kunjalo, futhi noma kunzima ukukukholelwa, akunzima. Kufanele ucabangele ezinye izinto ukuze zilunge, kunjalo, kepha ngokujwayelekile ungasho ukuthi kulula ukunakekela amafern.

Umsuka nezimpawu ze-Asplenium

I-protagonist yethu iyinhlobo yama-ferns enezinhlobo ezithile ezingama-361 ezamukelekayo ze-1918 ezichazwe zisatshalaliswa kuzo zonke izindawo ezishisayo, ezishisayo nezifudumele zomhlaba. Ukuphakama kwabo akuvame ukudlula amasentimitha angama-40, futhi bakhulisa ama-rosettes ama-frond (amacembe) angaba ulayini, iphinathi, i-webbed, imfoloko noma i-subromboidal, ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Ama-petioles, okungukuthi, isiqu esihlanganisa ama-frond ne-rhizome, sinombala oluhlaza okotshani, onsundu noma onsundu ngombala.

Ama-sori ayindilinga ukuya komugqa, kanti izinhlamvu - imbewu yama-ferns - i-ellipsoidal kuya kwe-spheroidal. Isistimu yezimpande i-rhizomatous, imfishane, ayivame ukuhamba.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko

Okuheha kakhulu yile:

I-Asplenium adiantum-nigrum

Kuzo i-fern engaba ngamasentimitha ayi-10-30 ubude ongowokuzalwa eNyakatho Nenkabazwe enamaqabunga ama-bi noma ama-tri-pinnate anobukhulu bawo obungu-3-15cm ubude ngama-2,5-7,5cm ububanzi.

Izici zokwelapha

Amaqabunga asetshenzisiwe, angama-pectoral.

I-Asplenium billotii

Abomdabu ekubalweni kweMedithera, kungu-fern ukuthi ifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-35 ukuphakama. Amafreyimu alo angama-bi noma ama-tri-pinnate, aluhlaza okotshani.

I-Asplenium nidus

Eyaziwa njengesidleke senyoni noma isidleke sezinyoni, kungumdabu wase-fern emahlathini emvula ase-Australia lokho ingafinyelela ubude obungamamitha angama-2. Amaqabunga alula, aluhlaza okotshani, ane-petiole emnyama.

I-Asplenium onopteris

Yifern encane edabuka esifundeni saseMedithera, okuyi ifinyelela kubude obungu-30cm. Amafreyimu alo angama-bi noma ama-tri-pinnate, aluhlaza okombala.

I-Asplenium ruta-muraria

Yaziwa njenge-adianth emhlophe, i-maidenhair eyisimungulu, i-wall rue, noma i-escolondrillo, ingumdabu womdabu ezindaweni ezifudumele zaseNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Iqala ama-frond 2 kuya ku-15cm ubude, phina.

Izici zokwelapha

Isitshalo sonke sisetshenziswa njengesidakamizwa, i-antitussive, i-pectoral, i-ophthalmic, i-astringent ne-emmenagogue.

I-Asplenium scolopendrium

Yaziwa njengolimi lwe-cervina, ingumdabu womdabu eNyakatho Nenkabazwe okhulisa amafreyimu alula, i-lanceolate, i-wavy futhi i-lobed ezansi, iluhlaza ngombala futhi ilula ngaphansi. Ifinyelela ekuphakameni okungaba ngu-40cm.

Izici zokwelapha

Kuyinto elwa nohudo futhi elwa nokuvuvukala.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ulimi lwezinyamazane, okulula kakhulu ukunakekela i-fern

Ama-asplenium trichomanes

Saziwa njengentombazanyana encane, siyisitshalo esidabuka ezifundeni ezifudumele nezinesimo sezulu esipholile cishe emhlabeni wonke. Ingafinyelela ubude obungu-10 kuye ku-50cm, enezinhlamvu zama-pinnate eziluhlaza okotshani.

Izici zokwelapha

Isetshenziswa njenge-anti-inflammatory, expectorant ne-emollient.

I-athikili ehlobene:

I-Little Maidenhair (i-Asplenium trichomanes)

Ziyini izinkathazo zabo?

Yizitshalo ezinganakekelwa ngendlela elula. Sincoma kuphela ukucabangela lokhu okulandelayo:

Indawo

• yangaphandle: kumele babe sendaweni lapho ilanga lingakhanyi ngqo kubo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
• Ingaphakathi: igumbi kumele likhanye, futhi o-fern kufanele babe kude nezinhlaka.

Ukunisela

Maphakathi kuya kokuvamile. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo kungadingeka ukunisela cishe kathathu ngesonto, kepha unyaka wonke ngokuchelela ama-3 masonto onke kufanele kwanele.

Sebenzisa amanzi emvula noma amanzi angenalimu noma nini lapho ungakwazi.

Umbhalisile

Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ubakhokhele kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nomanyolo ophilayo kulandela izinkomba ezichazwe kupakethe yomkhiqizo.

Izinambuzane

Ukuhlaselwa kungabonakala nge izibungu y mealybugs, kepha njengoba ziyizitshalo ezincane uma kuqhathaniswa nebhulashi elifakwe otshwaleni ekhemisi zisuswa kalula. Ungakhetha futhi ukwelapha ama-Asplenium akho ngomhlaba we-diatomaceous ngokwesibonelo.

Izifo

• Amakhowe: Ezindaweni ezinomswakama noma ezitshalweni eziye zathola ukuchelela ngokweqile, kujwayelekile ukuthi isikhunta esifana ne-phytophthora noma i-Cercospora sidale izinkinga zezimpande kanye / noma ukubola kwamaqabunga.
  Baphathwa ngamafungicides.
• Amagciwane: wohlobo lwePseudomonas. Zenza izindawo ezinamanzi zivele emahlathini.
  Ayinawo umuthi. Ungasusa kuphela izingxenye ezithintekile bese ulinda ukubona ukuthi kwenzekani.
• igciwane: khiqiza amabala amise okwendandatho ngama-frond. Akuvamile.
  Futhi ayinakho ukwelashwa. Yenza okufanayo nasendabeni yamagciwane.

Isikhathi sokutshala noma sokutshala kabusha

En intwasahlobo, lapho ingozi yeqhwa isidlulile. Uma unazo ebhodweni, zitshalele kokukhudlwana lapho ubona ukuthi zimila izimpande ngemigodi yamanzi noma uma kade zisesitsheni esisodwa (isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emibili).

Ukuphindaphinda

Izinhlamvu

Njengawo wonke amafern, zanda ngezinhlamvu entwasahlobo. Okwakho Kufanele zihlwanyelwe embhedeni wembewu nge-substrate yokulima yendawo yonke (kuyathengiswa lapha), nokuzifunda kancane.

Gcina umbhede wembewu ngaphandle, ngomthunzi omncane, ne-substrate enomswakama kodwa ingagcwali, futhi eduze komthombo wokushisa. Ngaleyo ndlela zizoqhuma ngenyanga.

Isigaba

Ezinye izinhlobo zikhiqiza amaswidi, okuyi ingahlukaniswa nesitshalo sikamama entwasahlobo, nezimpande, lapho sebefinyelele usayizi ongaba ngu-10cm ukuphakama.

Bese utshala emabhodweni ngamanye nge-substrate yendawo yonke, futhi uwavikele elangeni eliqondile.

Isibindi

Ama-asplenium yizitshalo ukuthi awavame ukumelana namakhaza kakhulu. Kukhona okuhlukile, okufana ne- Ama-asplenium trichomanes, engatshalwa ngaphandle unyaka wonke inqobo nje uma engekho amakhaza aqine kakhulu, kepha kungcono ukuthi avikelwe.

Ngendlela, kusukela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami, I-Asplenium nidus Kungaba khona ezindaweni lapho isithwathwa singenamandla kakhulu (kufika ku -2ºC), sifushane futhi sigcina isikhathi, endaweni evikelekile. Isibonelo, nginayo ekhoneni lensimu, phakathi kwezitshalo ezinkulu (izihlahla, izihlahla zesundu), ngakho-ke uma unendawo enjalo, uzoba nekhono kuyo.