I-Begonia, izitshalo zasendlini ezithandwa kakhulu

I-Las i-begonia Izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezithandwayo zezimbali, ezilungele ukuhlobisa ingaphakathi lekhaya. Kepha iqiniso ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukukhetha eyodwa: ezinhlotsheni eziyi-1.500 ezikhona njengamanje, eziyi-150 ziyamakethwa ukuze zisetshenziselwe ukulima, ngaphezu kwezinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nezinhlamvu ezixutshiwe ezitholwa noma ezidalwe ngezikhathi ezithile.

Phakathi kobuhle obungaka, kwesinye isikhathi umuntu akazi ukuthi abheke kuphi. Futhi lokho akushiwo ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwabo, kahle, ukunakekelwa kwabo akulula njengoba kungase kubonakale ngathi. Kepha yilokho esenzelwe kona, ukwenza impilo yakho ibe lula 🙂. Ngakho-ke funda le ndatshana ukuze wazi ngokuphelele konke ngalezi zitshalo ezinhle.

Umsuka nezici

Abalingisi bethu abakhulu kukhona izitshalo herbaceous odabuka emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi eMelika Ephakathi. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwezinhlobo, zingaba namaqabunga ahlala eluhlaza noma aqinile uma zihlala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. Amaqabunga ayalingana, anemibala ehluke kakhulu (okuluhlaza okotshani, okuhlukahlukene, amathoni amnyama ...).

Izimbali nazo zihluke kakhulu ngobukhulu nangebala, kepha zonke azifani ngokobulili (kukhona ezinsikazi nezeduna); lezi zesifazane zine-ovary engezansi enezinhlamba zamagatsha ezi-2 noma ezine. Izithelo ziyi-capsule enamaphiko equkethe inani elikhulu lembewu encane.

Zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:

• Izimpande ezimnandi: njenge-begonia semperflorens okuyisitshalo esiqhakaza cishe unyaka wonke futhi sikhula kabanzi endlini.
• I-Rhizomatous: njenge-Begonia rex, enamaqabunga amahle.
• Tuberous: njengeBergonia x thuberhybrida, enezimbali ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezibukisayo.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko

Ukukhuluma ngezinhlobo eziyi-150 esingazithola ezinkulisa kungasinika incwadi 🙂, ngakho-ke ake sikhulume ngokujwayelekile:

I-Begonia elatior

Kuyisitshalo esidabuka eBrazil ogama laso lesayensi manje I-Begonia reniformis. Unamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani anezinzwa ezibonakala kakhulu, futhi ezinye izimbali ezingasikhumbuza kahle lezo ezinama rose rose.. Ikhula ibe ukuphakama cishe ngamasentimitha angama-30-40.

I-Begonia rex

Kuyisitshalo esidabuka e-Asia eshisayo lokho Inamaqabunga anemiklamo emangalisayo: ezinye, njengalesi esithombeni esingenhla, zikhumbuza kakhulu iminenke, kepha kukhona ezinye ezinombala obomvu ojulile omuhle kakhulu. Ikhula ibe ukuphakama okungaba ngamasentimitha angama-40.

I-Begonia semperflorens

Yisitshalo esidabuka eBrazil esingaziphatha njengokuhlala isikhathi eside noma unyaka nonyaka kuye ngesimo sezulu (uma kubanda kuzofa ebusika). Inamaqabunga aluhlaza okweqanda, ayindilinga nezimbali ezincane kodwa ezibomvana kakhulu, ezibomvu noma ezimhlophe Ikhula ibe ukuphakama cishe kwamasentimitha angama-20-40.

Ziyini izinkathazo zabo?

Uma ufuna ukuthola ikhophi, sincoma ukuthi unikeze lokhu kunakekelwa okulandelayo:

Isimo sezulu

Ukuba izitshalo ezishisayo zingatshalwa ngaphandle kuphela unyaka wonke uma isimo sezulu sifudumele futhi kungekho sithwathwa. Ngokwesipiliyoni ngingakutshela lokho B. ama-semperflorens Yiyona emelana kahle namakhaza, kepha uma izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kuka-0 degrees liqala ukuba nesikhathi esibi.

Indawo

• Ingaphakathi: egumbini elinokukhanya okuningi kwemvelo, kude nezinhlaka. Ukuze babe nokukhula okuhle nentuthuko, kufanele futhi babe kulokho okunomswakama. Ukwandisa umswakama sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde Lesi sihloko.
• yangaphandle: emthunzini omncane (ukukhanya okungaphezulu komthunzi).

Umhlaba

• Imbiza yezimbali: i-universal substrate exutshwe ne-30% perlite. Uma ungazi ukuthi uzithathe kuphi, thenga eyokuqala ongayenza chofoza lapha neyesibili lapha.
• Isibindi: inhlabathi yensimu kufanele ivunde, nge i-drainage enhle.

Ukunisela

Njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 ehlobo futhi njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi lonke unyaka. Ukuvimba amanzi kufanele kugwenywe.

Umbhalisile

Kusukela entwasahlobo kuye ngasekupheleni kwehlobo kumele ikhokhwe ngamanyolo ketshezi njenge isitibhili (ungamthola lapha) noma eyendawo yonke (ungayithenga Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.).

Ukuphindaphinda

Imbewu

Enye indlela yokuthola izinhlobo ezintsha ukuhlwanyela imbewu yazo entwasahlobo. Indlela yokuqhubeka yile elandelayo:

1. Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukugcwalisa umbhede wembewu nge-substrate yesiko jikelele exutshwe ne-30% perlite.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuniselwa kakhulu.
3. Izinhlamvu bese zibekwa ngaphezulu ukuze ziqhelelene ngangokunokwenzeka.
4. Ekugcineni, zimbozwe ungqimba oluncane lwe-substrate bese luniselwa futhi.

Ezinsukwini eziyi-15-30 izithombo zokuqala zizovela.

Izithelo

I-Begonia isitshalo esanda kahle ngokusika kusuka kumahlumela amancane entwasahlobo. Okwakho, Kufanele zisikwe ngesikele esasikhishwe amagciwane phambilini ekhemisi bese sitshalwa ezimbizeni ezine-vermiculite ungatholani lapha.

Uma konke kuhamba kahle, ngenyanga bazoqala ukukhula izimpande.

Izinambuzane

• Izibungu: amaqabunga akhubazekile ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kukaTarsonemus noma uStenotaronemus. Zilwa nama-acaricides.
• Iminenke: yizimbungulu ezithanda ukudla amaqabunga amancane. Zilwa noma nge-molluscicides amakhambi asekhaya.
• Ama-Mealybugs: zingaba zohlobo lukakotini noma zohlobo lwe-limpet. Ziphila ngokudla amaseli amaqabunga kanye neziqu zethenda. Alwa nama-anti-mealybugs.
• Amabhungane: Amabhungane adla emaphethelweni, kanti izibungu ze-Otiorrhynchus zithinta izimpande. Alwa namaChlorpyrifos.
• Impukane emhlophe: yisinambuzane esilinganiselwa ku-0,5cm sombala omhlophe esidla amaqabunga. Ilwa namaChlorpyrifos.
• Izintwala: yizinambuzane ezingaba ngu-0,5cm ubude ezingaba phuzi, nsundu noma luhlaza. Ziphinde zidle amaqabunga, kanye nezimbali. Zilwa nesibulali zinambuzane esithile.
• Uhambo: zinjengezindlebe zezindlebe kepha zincane kakhulu ezondla amaqabunga, lapho kunezindawo ezibomvu ngokubomvu nezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo zama-parasites afana namachashazi amnyama. Zingasuswa kalula ngebhulashi noma ngendwangu efakwe otshwaleni ekhemisi.

Izifo

• Inyongo yomqhele: amabhaktheriya I-Argobacterium tumefaciens yakha ama-galls esihlokweni samaqabunga, kodwa nakwezinye izitshalo. Alikho ikhambi.
• I-bacteriosis: yizifo ezidluliselwa ngamagciwane UXanthomonas begoniae ezibangela ukuvela kwamabala ansundu, ayindilinga futhi anomswakama emaqabungeni. Alikho ikhambi.
• botrytis: yisifo sefungal esidluliselwa yi-Botrytis fungus esibangela ukuvela kwesikhunta esimpunga emaqabungeni. Kulwelwa ukusika izingxenye ezithintekile, ukunciphisa ubungozi nokwelapha ngamafungicides asuselwa ethusi.
• Indawo yeLeaf: i-saprophyte I-Myrothecium roridum kubangela ukuvela kwamachashaza ayisiyingi ayindilinga aphenduka angajwayelekile cishe ngo-2,5 ​​cm ububanzi. Kuyaliwa futhi kuvinjelwe ngokugwema ukufafaza amaqabunga.
• Isikhunta se-Powdery: yisifo sokukhunta esidluliswa yisikhunta se-Oidium esibangela ukuvela kwamabala amancane, abukeka njengamafutha emaqabunga, iziqu nezimbali. Ilwa namafungicides asuselwa ku-copper sulfate.
• Ukubola kwesiqu: yisifo sokukhunta esidluliswa yisikhunta sePythium esibangela ukuba mnyama kanye nokubola kweziqu. Alikho ikhambi.
• I-Xanthomonas campestris pv. i-begoniae: yigciwane elidala ukubola kwesiqu nokunqunywa kwamaqabunga. Alikho ikhambi.

Isikhathi sokutshala noma sokutshala kabusha

Entwasahlobo.

Ubucabangani ngalokhu okukhethekile ngeBegonia?