I-boletus edliwayo nengadleki

I-Los i-boletus Ziwuhlobo lwesikhunta esihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-300. Eziningi zazo ziyadliwa kodwa zikhona okumele siziqaphe kakhulu ngoba zingadala ukungaphatheki kahle kwesisu futhi singagcina sesidinga nosizo lwezempilo. Ngenhlanhla, kulula kakhulu ukuzibona, ngakho-ke noma ngabe uke waba amakhowe izikhathi ezimbalwa, ngeke ube nezinkinga.

Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalawa makhowe anelukuluku, kulokhu okukhethekile ngizokutshela yiziphi i-Boletus ezidliwayo nezingadliwa, kanye nezici zayo eziyinhloko.

Izici ezijwayelekile ze-Boletus

Lezi sikhunta zibonakala ngokuba ne-hymenium enezimbotshana. Iyini i-hymenium? Ingabe yena ingxenye evundile yamakhowe, okuyinto uma kwenzeka ama-protagonists ethu eyingxenye engezansi "isigqoko". Bangamalungu omndeni wakwaBoletaceae, we-Boletales order, ngakho wonke umndeni u-Boletus, kodwa akuwona wonke ama-Boletales ayingxenye ye-Boletus; empeleni, kunezinye izizukulwane ezifana neGyrodon noma iScleroderma.

Igama elithi Boletus ngesiGreki lisho "amakhowe" futhi "isigaxa" ngesiGreki. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka umuntu uziqoqile ukuze enze izitsha ezimnandi. Namuhla kunemindeni eminingi esebenzisa uMgqibelo noma iSonto ehlobo kanye/noma ekwindla ukuze iyofuna la makhowe.

Yiziphi i-Boletus ezidliwayo?

Nalu uhlu lwezinhlobo ezidliwayo ze-Boletus:

I-Boletus aereus

El I-Boletus aereus Ingatholakala eSpain, njengaseSierra de Gata, e-Extremadura. unesigqoko onsundu ngokumnyama, kwesinye isikhathi umnyama mayelana no-15 cm ububanzi. Isiqu sibanzi, sifinyelela ku-1,5 cm, sinsundu ngombala uma sesivuthiwe.

I-Boletus badius

Lelikhowe lingatholakala ezindaweni ezipholile zaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Ibonakala ngokuthi isigqoko sicishe sifaneke, nsundu, enonyawo oluqinile nolubanzi, ugqinsi oluphakathi kuka-1 no-2 cm, olunombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo.

I-Boletus dupainii

Lelikhowe linekepisi elifinyelela ku-13cm ububanzi, liyisicaba futhi ubomvu uma sesivuthiwe. Isiqu siwugqinsi, siluhlaza, siphuzi phezulu futhi sibomvu ngaphansi. Kunzima kakhulu ukukuthola, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuvela emahlathini e-oki nama-beech.

I-Boletus edulis

Lona amakhowe ozowathola kalula eSpain. Ibonakala ngokuba nesigqoko se okunsundu okungaphezulu noma okuncane, ngonqenqema lwethoni elula kakhulu, enenyama futhi enomumo oyisicaba. Unyawo luqinile futhi luwugqinsi, olumhlophe noma olunsundu ngokukhanyayo.

I-Boletus erythropus var. i-erythropus

Le boletus ikhula emahlathini aluhlaza noma e-coniferous eYurophu. Yiba ne isigqoko esinsundu i-hemispherical shape, enesiqu esinsundu-owolintshi esifinyelela ku-2cm ubukhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kudideke ne I-Boletus satanas esizosibona manje, kodwa isigqoko sakamuva sinombala okhanyayo.

I-Boletus pinophilus

I-pinícola boleto, njengoba ibizwa kanjalo ngezinye izikhathi, ingatholakala eSpain, emahlathini kaphayini. unesigqoko onsundu ngokubomvu kuze kufike ku-30 ​​cm ububanzi, kuncishiswe kancane. Unyawo lunsundu ngokukhanyayo, futhi luwugqinsi kakhulu, lufika ku-4cm.

I-Boletus appendiculatus

Leli thikithi litholakala kalula ezihlahleni ze-oki. Ibonakala ngokuba nesigqoko esiyi-hemispherical, nsundu kufika ku-20 cm ububanzi. Isiqu sikhulu kakhulu, sifinyelela ku-5cm, siphuzi uma sesivuthiwe.

I-Boletus chippewaensis

Kunzima ukulithola leli thikithi, kodwa uqinisekile ukuthi unenhlanhla uma uhamba ngezinyawo emahlathini e-beech (I-Fagus sylvatica) kanye nama-oki. Ibonakala ngokuba nesigqoko onsundu ngokukhanyayo noma onsundu ngokubomvu, enonyawo olunsundu ngokukhanyayo.

I-Boletus fechtneri

El I-Boletus fechtneri ifana kakhulu ne B. i-appendiculatus, nakuba inesigqoko esiyisicaba sombala okhanyayo kakhulu, njengesiliva-grey. Unyawo lumhlophe-ophuzi, lukwazi ukuphenduka lube bomvu ezindaweni eziqhekekile. Akuvamile ukuyithola, kodwa ungayibona emahlathini axubile lapho kukhona amafir amhlophe.

I-Boletus fragrans

Lena i-boletus ekhula ngaphezu kwakho konke enyakatho yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. Isigqoko saso singafika ku-15cm ububanzi, sibe ne-hemispherical shape ekuqaleni, kanye ne-flat-convex uma isiqedile ukuvuthwa. nsundu. Unyawo lubanzi, lufika ku-2-3cm ubukhulu, luphuzi-luhlaza ngombala.

I-Boletus impolitus

Uzothola leli khowa emahlathini axubile ezifundeni ezipholile, futhi esimweni sezulu saseMedithera. Isigqoko sisuka i-ocher ephuzi ngokuphaphathekile, futhi ilinganisa cishe u-10cm ububanzi, ikwazi ukufinyelela ku-20cm, i-hemispherical ekuqaleni futhi isicaba njengoba ikhula. Unyawo luqinile, lubanzi, lufika ku-5cm.

I-Boletus subtomentosus

Ungathola leli thikithi kuwo womabili amahlathi axubile nama-coniferous. Inesigqoko esifinyelela ku-12cm ububanzi, i-hemispherical, ophuzi ojulile ngombala ekuqaleni futhi abe luhlaza kakhudlwana ekugcineni. Unyawo lucishe lube ngu-10cm ubude no-2cm ububanzi, futhi lunsundu ngokukhanyayo ngombala.

Amathikithi angadliwa

Amathikithi angadleki abonakala ngokuba namathoni abomvu ahlaba umxhwele. Kodwa ake sibone ukuthi bayini ukugwema ukucasuka:

I-Boletus satanas

El I-Boletus satanas inesigqoko esifinyelela ku-30cm ububanzi, zibemhlophe uma sezivuthiwe. Unyawo lubanzi, lufika ku-10cm ubukhulu, futhi lunemibala ebomvu emangazayo. Inobuthi.

Izinzwa ze-Boletus

Leli thikithi likhula eNyakatho Melika. Ngokushesha nje lapho bephuma emhlabeni, sebenakho isiqu esibomvu nesigqoko, kodwa lapho ziqeda ukuvuthwa, isigqoko siba nokwakheka kwe-convex, silondoloze umbala waso. Isiqu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, siphenduka sibe phuzi-mhlophe ngombala engxenyeni engenhla, futhi sibebomvu engxenyeni engezansi, kuze kufike ku-3cm ubukhulu. Inobuthi.

I-Boletus radicans

Le boletus ikhula emahlathini ezihlahla ezivuthulukayo, njengama-oki noma ama-beeches (Fagus). Yiba ne-a Isigqoko esimhlophe ububanzi bufika ku-8cm, nakuba ingafinyelela ku-20cm. Unyawo lubanzi, lufika ku-10 cm, luphuzi. Ayinashevu, kepha ayidleki njengoba iyababa.

Sithemba ukuthi ngalo mhlahlandlela uzokwazi ukuthi ungayibona kanjani kangcono i-boletus edliwayo kulawo angenakudliwa. Ukusesha okuhle! 🙂