Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, i-Boletus, noma i-Boletaceae, isiphenduke uhlobo olufiselekayo lapho kufika ikwindla. Kangangoba kukhona ama-mafia angempela azulazula ehlathini efuna amakhowe ayigugu abese ewathengisa ngaphandle kokulawula. Abantu bahlale bethi akukho ukudideka okungenzeka, futhi nakuba kulula ukukubona, kufanele sithathe izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi kukhona i-boletus enobuthi okungalimaza impilo yethu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kudliwa kuluhlaza noma kuphekiwe.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi nge-boletus enobuthi nokuthi ungayibona kanjani.
Izici eziyinhloko
I-Boletus yiqembu lesikhunta elakha umndeni kanye nohlobo lohlobo lwe-Boletus. Ngakho singaba nama-boletes amagama awo esayensi angadingeki aqale ngegama elithi Boletus. Ezinye izibonelo i-Chalciporus, i-Leccinum (lokhu kuye kwenza izinguquko kwezinye izizukulwane), i-Gyrosporus, i-Xerocomus, njll… Ngakho uma kuthiwa i-Boletus i-boletus, kuyiqiniso, kodwa i-boletus ayiyona nje i-Boletus. Kulesi sigaba esincane sifaka uhlobo lwe-Boletus. Ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhowe kwenziwa ikakhulukazi nge-morphology yawo, futhi ngokunembile, ungqimba lwe-submembranous luvela kuqala lapho kunqunywa uhlobo noma ukuhleleka.
Endabeni yeBoletus, ihluke kakhulu ngoba ine-spongy morphology esikhundleni se-classic morphology ye-lamellar. Lokhu kwenza ukukhonjwa kohlobo kube lula, kodwa akufanele sidideke.
i-boletus enobuthi
i-boletus USathane
Inobuthi, ngakho qaphela. Ngenhlanhla, ayidideki kalula neyokuqala engu-3 (edulis, aereus, ne-pinophilus), njengoba lena inekepisi elimhlophe elingcolile, unyawo olubomvu phakathi, ingaphezulu eliphuzi, futhi linuka kabi. Inyama izoba luhlaza kancane uma isikiwe. (Isincomo sethu) Uma ubona noma iyiphi ebomvana emilenzeni ye-boletus, yilahle. Ukudla okuhle akubomvu noma okubomvana, ngakho-ke asikho isizathu sokuzifaka engozini.
UBoletus rhodoxanthus
Esinye isibonelo seBoletus enobuthi, nayo evamile eSpain. Lokhu kulula ukukubona ngezizathu ezimbalwa. Okokuqala ukuthi inonyawo oluphuzi olumbozwe i-reticule ebomvu, okwenza ihluke kakhulu. Okwesibili, lapho besebancane, izimbotshana ziphuzi, okungasidida, kodwa njengoba zikhula, zibabomvu ngokusawolintshi, futhi lapho sezivuthiwe, ziba bomvu ngokuphawulekayo igazi. Isici esibonakala kakhulu ukuthi inyama esesikepisini uma isikwe ngobude iba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Enye kusolwa ukuthi inobuthi ngenxa yokushoda kwayo. Imayelana I-Boletus luteocupreus, futhi izinyawo zayo zifana kakhulu ne-B. rhodoxanthus (ophuzi futhi obomvu), ngakho-ke uma singena kuyo, ingaba yinye, futhi ayilungile, ngakho-ke akukho mbuzo ngakho. Isiphakamiso sethu ukwazi kahle zonke izici ze-morphological zezinhlobo ezingu-3 zokuqala (B. edulis, B. aereus no-B. pinophilus) kanye nalezo ezinobuthi, ukuze kucace kakhulu ukuthi siqoqa ama-boletus amahle.
I-Boletus edliwayo
Uma sesiyazi i-Boletus enobuthi eyinhloko, singakwazi ukwazi ezinye ezidliwayo futhi ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ku-gastronomy.
I-Boletus aereus
Omunye edume kakhulu futhi baziswa kanye boletus edulis. Kulokhu kudla kokuthathu singadideka ngoba kufana kakhulu, kodwa akunankinga ngoba kobathathu kuthathwa njengokudla okuhle kakhulu. Umehluko osobala kakhulu phakathi kwalaba abathathu umbala wesigqoko.
I-Boletus edulis
Kulokhu, ikepisi linombala onsundu ngokumnyama, cishe omnyama, okungenzeka umehluko oyinhloko wesici phakathi kwe-B. edulis ne-B. pinophilus. Ifakwe uphawu nge-pulp emhlophe, isivalo esinamathelayo uma indawo ezungezile inomswakama kanye nombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo ovame ukuba ocher (ngokungafani no-B. aereus). Izimbotshana zolwelwesi lwesithelo zivame ukuba nobisi ukuya kokuphuzi, futhi zize zibe luhlaza uma sezivuthiwe kakhulu, njengaku-B. aereus.
I-Boletus pinophilus
Isigqoko sayo sinsundu kakhulu futhi sibomvu ngombala, okuyisici esisihlukanisa nezimbili zokuqala. Ukunambitheka kuhluke kancane, kodwa futhi kuhle kakhulu futhi kuyaziswa. Lokhu kujwayelekile ezindaweni ezisentshonalanga yenhlonhlo, njenge-Extremadura naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeCastilla León.
Umbala walezi zimbotshana ezintathu uqala umhlophe noma ukhilimu uma bancane, baphuzi njengoba bekhula futhi baluhlaza njengoba bekhula. Wonke lawo ma-boletus angenalo lolo hlu lwemibala (obomvu, obomvana, ophuzi ogqamile kakhulu, njll.) anezimbotshana (ulwelwesi lwezithelo) aphakathi kwe-boletus ethandwa kakhulu noma engenakudliwa, ngakho-ke ingahlanganiswa nombala wesigqoko.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa amakhowe anobuthi
Njengoba sesibonile ngaphambili, uSathane weBoletus uyingozi kakhulu. Naphezu kokufana okuthile namanye ama-boletus adliwayo njenge-boletus ebomvu, iqiniso liwukuthi singakwazi ukulihlukanisa kalula ehlathini uma silandela lezi ziqondiso zokuhlonza. Ubukhulu balesi sikhunta bunikeza yona. Sikhuluma ngomunye we-boletus enkulu, ekwazi ukufinyelela ku-30 cm noma ngaphezulu. Kuwumbukwane ukubona isigqoko salolu hlobo. Kodwa kufanele sibheke umbala. Isigqoko sakhe simhlophe futhi siphaphathekile. Isici sombala ompunga okhanyayo ofana nekhofi elicacisiwe elinobisi, elinemiphetho eyeqile futhi ewugqinsi. I-cuticle i-velvety matte. Akuvamile ukuthola ama-specimens anesisindo esingama-2 kg. Izimbotshana ze-Boletus zine-tint ephuzi egcina ngokubomvu okusawolintshi futhi kancane iguquke ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Izinyawo ze-boletus zine-pot-bellied, futhi zikhulu, zombala obomvu ojwayelekile, ofana negazi, namabala abomvu. Inyama iphuzi ngokuphaphathekile, inombala okhilimu futhi iphenduka ibe luhlaza sasibhakabhaka uma isikiwe. Okufanayo kuya kuma-spores namashubhu okuhlola. Inuka kabi impela, ikakhulukazi uma isigugile.
Uma sizibuza ukuthi singasitholaphi lesi sikhunta, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi isikhunta esikhethekile senhlabathi ye-limestone. Ngeke sikuthole kwezinye izinhlobo zomhlaba. Incamela ilanga eligcwele kanye nezikhala zehlathi elomile futhi ihlotshaniswe kakhulu nezinhlobo zezihlahla eziphukayo. Phakathi kwabo, i-oki, i-chestnut ne-cork oak izoba izintandokazi zakho. Nakuba kungelona uhlobo oludliwayo, ukuthola isigqoko sikaSathane esihle otshanini kuwumsebenzi onzima.
Mayelana nokuthi iphuma nini, singavele sicabange ukuthi lokho akuthandayo kungaba yini, uma kubhekwa ukuthi iyinhlobo ye-thermophilic. Sikhuluma ngesikhunta esinyamalala ngokushesha nje lapho kubanda, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka uwabheke ehlobo nasekuqaleni kwekwindla.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-boletus enobuthi nokuthi ungayibona kanjani.