Yini i-edaphology?

Ukuphila kwezitshalo kuhlobene eduze nomhlabathi ezikhula kuwo; hhayi ize, izimpande zayo zenza indlela yazo phakathi kwama-pores akha umhlaba namatshe akuwo. Nsuku zonke amunca izakhamzimba ezitholakalayo ukuze zikwazi ukuziphilisa zikhule.

Lesi yisihloko ebesisithakazelisa isintu okweminyaka eminingana, njengoba sikubonile masishane lokho Ngokuya ngezici zenhlabathi, zingakhula esisodwa noma ezinye izitshalo. Kodwa-ke, kwaze kwaba ngo-1883 lapho abantu beqala ukukhuluma nge-edaphology, noma njengoba kwaziwa kanjalo: isayensi yenhlabathi.

Iyini incazelo ye-edaphology?

I-Edaphology yisayensi ukuthi icwaninga inhlabathi kanye nobudlelwano bayo nezitshalo nemvelo ezungeze yona. Ngaphakathi kwalo mkhakha, i-physics, biology kanye ne-chemistry nakho kuyavela.

Ngakho-ke, uma sifuna ukwazi ukwakheka komhlaba, izakhiwo zawo, ukuthi ushintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nokuthi izitshalo ezikhula kuwo zihlobene kanjani, esizokwenza ngempela ukufunda izifundo noma ukwenza izivivinyo zesayensi yenhlabathi.

Yini i-edaphology yezolimo?

I-edaphology yezolimo ne-edaphology, ake sikubize, okujwayelekile, kuyafana. Ukwazi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zenhlabathi nezitshalo ezihlala kuyo kungukhiye wokuba nokuvuna okuthakazelisayo, ngoba ngaphandle kwalolu lwazi, ungabeka engcupheni yokuthenga izihlahla zezithelo ezingakwazi ukukhula engadini yakho.

Kepha kuyalulekwa ukuthi uqaphele ngemigomo i-edaphology ne-pedology. Lesi sakamuva sigxile ekutadisheni imvelaphi nokwakheka kwenhlabathi, kanti eyokuqala ihlobene kakhulu ne-agronomy, ngoba enye yezinhloso zayo ukwazi nokwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa komhlaba.

Yini imephu yenhlabathi?

Imephu yenhlabathi ithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu lapho ufuna ukwazi izinto ezakhelwe indawo ethile. Kukhombisa amadwala ahlukene noma ukwakheka, kanye neminyaka emelwe ngemibala ehlukene ebakhombayo.

Ukwenza lokhu, kwenziwa izifundo ngokwazo endaweni uqobo, futhi kuthathwa izithombe zasemoyeni. Usizo lwakamuva luba nombono ophelele womhlaba, okwenziwa ngawo amabalazwe anemininingwane eminingi.

I-edaphology ihlobene kanjani nejografi?

Yize kubonakala sengathi kukhulunywa into efanayo, empeleni akukhulunywa ngayo. I-Edaphology yisayensi efunda inhlabathi, ngenkathi iJografi (i-physics) yisayensi ephathelene nokutadisha ingaphezulu loMhlaba wonkana, nokuthi isimo sezulu, isimo sendawo, izilwane nezimbali zikuguqula kanjani.

Ngakho-ke, yize zihlobene, zingamasayensi amabili ahlukene. Ngamunye wabo angasinikeza imininingwane eminingi ngomhlabathi, nokuthi uguquka kanjani njengoba isikhathi sihamba.

Umlando we-edaphology

Ukuqedela, sizokutshela okuncane ngomlando we-edaphology. Le yisayensi eqale kanjalo eRussian Geographical College. Kuyo, uMikhail Lomonosov (1711-1765), othathwa njengobaba wesayensi yaseRussia, wanikela impilo yakhe ekufundiseni nasekubhaleni ngomhlabathi njengento eqhubeka njalo. Noma kunjalo, umsunguli we-edaphology wayengumbhali wezwe waseRussia uVasily Dokuchaev (1846-1903), ngoba nguyena owasungula izisekelo zeJografi yenhlabathi eqondwa njengesayensi.

e 1883 ushicilele umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ngale ndaba: umbiko wesifundo azosenza obala, bahlaziya futhi basebenzise ulwazi lwabo emihlabathini ehlukene etholakele. Uchaze uhlobo ngalunye lwalezi zinhlobo, wazihlukanisa wabe esesungula nezindlela zokuqopha izithombe ezizosiza ukufunda kabanzi ngenhlabathi, izici zayo nokuthi ubuhlobo ezinabo nezilwane nezitshalo buzithonya kanjani.

USibirtev wayeyindoda ehlukanisa inhlabathi ngamaqembu amakhulu amathathu: i-zonal, i-intrazonal ne-azonal:

• Indawo: yilezo ezihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu. Zibekelwe kakhulu isimo sezulu nezimbali. Izibonelo: ugwadule, umoya, ihlathi, i-lateritic, nenhlabathi ye-tundra.
• I-Intrazonal: le yinhlabathi lapho isimo sezulu singesona isinqumo esinqumayo njengezinye izinto, ezifana nedwala, isenzo somuntu, indawo uqobo, njll. Izibonelo: inhlabathi enosawoti, enamanzi, enomswakama ne-carbonate.
• I-Azonal: le yinhlabathi ekhule ngokugcwele. Izibonelo: i-alluvial, skeletal, ne-coarse.

Ezinye izinsika ezimbili zesayensi yenhlabathi zazikhona UMarbut (1863-1935) noKellog (1902-1980). Owokuqala kwakungumbhali wesayensi yokuma komhlaba waseMelika owadalula ulwazi okwakudingeka ukuthi lube khona kusayensi yezomhlaba ezweni lakhe, ngaphezu kwe siphakamisa ukuhlukaniswa kwenhlabathi ngezigaba eziyisithupha ezibizwa ngama-oda, imingcele, amaqembu, imindeni, uchungechunge nezinhlobo. Okwesibili kwaqhubeka ngokwakhiwa kwezigaba ezishiwoyo, ngokususelwa kunqubo eyasungulwa nguDokuchaev osukwini lwakhe.

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