Ingabe igama le- I-Hevea brasiliensis? Impela awukaze uyizwe empilweni yakho, ngaphandle kokuthi ufunde izifundo ze-botany noma zemisebenzi ehlobene nayo. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uyazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezilwane esikhuluma ngazo, ngoba isetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa emazweni aseYurophu nase-Asia ukudala injoloba.
Namuhla sinikeza ithuba nokugqama esihlahleni senjoloba. Uyamkhumbula manje? Kanjalo, manje uzokwazi ngokuningiliziwe zonke izici ezibaluleke kakhulu yalesi sitshalo futhi ngokuya ngezici zaso nendawo esihlala kuyo, uzokwazi ukwazi ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba nayo ekhaya lakho noma cha.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile ye- I-Hevea brasiliensis
Njengoba wazi kahle ukuthi yaziwa ngegama layo eliyihlazo "isihlahla senjoloba”. Kuyinto yezinhlobo ezishisayo, ezingeyezinhlobo zohlanga UHevea, futhi okuvela kuye ezwenikazi laseNingizimu Melika. Ngeyomndeni I-Euphorbiaceae futhi namuhla kunamasimu amaningi kakhulu emhlabeni wonke.
Vele, ukukhulisa isivuno esihle, indawo okumele itholakale kuyo kufanele ibe nayo izici ezishisayo noma ezishisayo. Ngakho-ke kujwayelekile ukuyibona emazweni afana neBrazil, iVenezuela namanye amaLatin America, njengoba nje kukhona amasimu eSoutheast Asia kanye nengxenye enkulu yeNtshonalanga Afrika.
Ikhono lalesi sitshalo liphakeme kakhulu, kalula iphumelele ukufaka esikhundleni somthombo oyinhloko wokukhiqizwa kwenjoloba yemvelo. Kuze kube namuhla kusesimweni sokuqala futhi kungenzeka kungabi ngenxa yaleli qiniso elithandekayo, kepha futhi nezici zesitshalo esizobona kamuva.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ukulima kwayo namuhla kunendawo enkulu emazweni ase-Asia, kepha eyodwa ye amasimu nezitshalo ezinkulu emhlabeni zitholakala eHawaii. Manje, ake siqhubekele kuzici zesitshalo ezikwenza kube nezimo eziningi, ezihlukile futhi ezifunwe kakhulu.
Izici
Hay imininingwane eminingi ukumboza ngokwezimpawu zesitshalo. Kepha sizokwenza ngendlela elula neqondile.
Ukubukeka komzimba
Kulula ukubona lesi sitshalo ngokubukeka kwaso ngokomzimba, kwazise inokhuni olumhlophe futhi nemikhawulo yalo iphakeme. Isitshalo esinakekelwa kahle singafinyelela kalula kumamitha angama-40 ngaphandle kwenkinga, yize ukuphakama kwaso okungenani kungamamitha ayi-15 noma angama-20.
Ngokufanayo, inendawo enkulu yamagxolo. Le yingxenye esetshenziselwa ukukhipha uketshezi olumhlophe olunobisi oluvela lapho nje kusikiwe igxolo. Ngokuqondene nesiqu, ikhula iqonde ngokuphelele futhi iyindilinga, into ejwayelekile ukuthi inobubanzi obuphakathi kuka-30 no-60 cm.
ILatex
I-latex esesimweni soketshezi iyona eheha kakhulu futhi ibaluleke kakhulu kulesi sitshalo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi uhlobo olukhona kakade endaweni yalo yokukhula ingabamba cishe i-30% yenjoloba kumagxolo ayo.
Ngokuya ngezinqubo ezisetshenziswayo, Lokhu kungahlanganiswa noma kusetshenzwe ukuthola imikhiqizo eqinile, njengamasondo. Ngisho nezinhlobonhlobo zezindatshana zingenziwa ngalelatex etholakala kulesi sitshalo, kunjalo ngamagilavu okuhlinzwa.
Kushiya
Amaqabunga awabukisi kangako noma ngesimo noma ngombala. Engikwaziyo yilokho zinde impela, ngoba bangafika ku-16 cm ubude ngenkathi ububanzi bungu-7 cm ubuningi. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi amaqabunga awela njengoba isitshalo sisondela ezikhathini ezomile. Okukhombisa ukuthi le nqubo izoqala ukuthi emaqabungeni asekhakhayini lesihlahla zivame ukuvula umbala obovu obomvu. Ngemuva kwalokho ziyaphuma futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ikhula futhi.
Isikhathi sempilo
Abanye bathi iyi- isitshalo esinamandla okuphila iminyaka eyikhulu, abanye bacabanga ukuthi impilo yakhe ingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 kuphela. Iqiniso ngukuthi yonke into izoncika ezintweni ezifana nendawo lapho lesi sitshalo sikhona, izimo zezemvelo futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, noma ngabe ziphathwa ngabantu ngenhloso yokuhweba.
Izakhiwo zeLatex
Sekuvele kuchaziwe ukuthi okuhehayo okuyinhloko kwalesi sitshalo yi-latex, kepha izakhiwo zalolu ketshezi azikakhulunywa ngazo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele wazi ukuthi:
- Inama-hydrocarbon aphakathi kuka-30 no-35%.
- Kuqukethe u-0.5% kuphela womlotha.
- Cishe amaprotheni ayi-1.5%
- Kuphela u-2% resin.
- 5% quebrachitol.
Habitat
Ezigabeni ezedlule imvelaphi yalolu hlobo lwenhlanzi yakhulunywa phezulu nokuthi bavame ukuyihlakulela kuphi, kepha lesi sici besingakhulunywa ngaso neze. Ngakho-ke, kufanele wazi ukuthi isitshalo senjoloba ikakhulukazi siseduze noMfula i-Amazon. Kukule ndawo lapho ivame ukukhula ngokwemvelo nangokuchichima okukhulu.
Vele, akusiyo kuphela indawo eLatin America lapho itholakala khona ngoba lolu hlobo lungatholakala kalula ezindaweni ezinamahlathi aseBrazil, kwezinye izingxenye ze IVenezuela, e-Ecuador, eColombia, eBolivia nakwamanye amazwe aseLatin America.
Iqiniso ukuthi ukuze lesi sitshalo sikhule, njengoba wazi kahle, sidinga indawo enezici ezithile. Okwakho, kufanele ibe sendaweni enomswakama ongaphakeme kakhuluKumele ibe ngaphansi kwelanga ngqo yize ingakhula nangomthunzi omncane, inamandla okukhula ezindaweni eziphazanyiswe ngumuntu (nansi inkinga yokuqedwa kwamahlathi nokugawulwa kwezikhala zemvelo), nezinye izici.
Yize kuliqiniso ukuthi lesi sitshalo sisebenzisa kakhulu, siletha izinkinga eziningi kakhulu esingaziboni ngamehlo. Futhi njalo lapho zilinywa emazweni amaningi. Lokhu kuhumusha ekususweni kwezindawo ezinamahlathi noma zehlathi lapho ezinye izinhlobo zivame ukukhula nokuhlala khona.
Lokhu kubangela ukunyamalala kwezinhlobo zemvelo kanye kunomthelela emazingeni akhuphukayo okushisa komhlaba. Futhi inqobo nje uma ungenawo umthombo we-latex olingana nalowo otholakala kulesi sitshalo, lokhu kuzoqhubeka nokwanda.
Amasiko
Siphetha le ndatshana ngephuzu obelokhu uzibuza lona kuze kube manje. Into yokuqala okufanele uyazi ukuthi uma kungenzeka ukuthi ube nalesi sitshalo engadini yakho njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa.
Ngalokhu, kufanele ube sendaweni ekude namakhaza nokuningi ngemvelo eshisayo enezinga elithile lomswakama. Okulandelayo thola indawo lapho ilanga likushaya khona ngqo, kodwa-ke, ukunakekela ukuthi amazinga aphezulu okushisa ayayithinta, ngoba ayikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okungaka.
Ngokuqondene namanzi okufanele uwuhlinzeke, kufanele ukwenze njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu noma ezine. Kepha lokhu kuzohluka ngokwesikhathi sonyaka futhi nenani lamanzi ngeke lilingane lelo olithela ehlobo kunasebusika.