El I-Hordeum murinum, okuvame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezomile nasezisedolobheni, njengasemigwaqweni eseduze nezindonga namakhaya, kanye nase- izindawo eziphazamisekile, njengama-desert desert.
Kuzo zonke izindawo ezihlala abantu singabona uhlobo lokhula olubizwa ngokuthi I-Hordeum murinum, eyaziwa nangokuthi ibhali le-mousetrap noma enegama elidumile le- isipikha.
Izici
Akusona isitshalo esifanele ukusetshenziswa, njengelungu lakho lomndeni, ibhali, futhi ayifanele ifolishi noma ipasta ukondla izinkomo, yize ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa lokhu futhi ivame ukutholakala kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, yize imvelaphi yayo ibuyela empumalanga yeMedithera.
Lesi spikelet sithathwa njengokhula emhlabeni wonke, ngakho-ke kunezimo ezimbalwa zomhlaba ezingakuvumeli ukukhula kwaso, okuyinkomba yenhlabathi yokoma okulingene nokukhula ngokukhanya okugcwele, yize isekela umthunzi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Lolu uhlobo olunzima kakhulu ukululawula, ukuthola indlela yalo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi. Esihlokweni esilandelayo sizokunikeza izici ezijwayelekile zezinhlobo zezilwane, nakuba zingabonakali ingozi eyaziwayo kubantu, ezihlasela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemvelo futhi kuzoba nzima ngawe ukuyisusa.
Incazelo yesitshalo I-Hordeum murinum
Zonke izinhlobo ze isitshalo semithambo esikhiqiza imbewu, njengoba kunjalo I-Hordeum murinum, Kubhekwa njenge-phanerogam futhi lokhu nakho kuyimithi futhi kuneziqu ezingenalutho ezethula i-spike. Le spike isandiso se-cylindrical sesiqu okuthathwa njenge-inflorescence yayo futhi phakathi kwezimpawu zayo ukuthi iminyene futhi iyaqhekeka, lapho kwakhiwa khona ama-spikelets amathathu, ama-glume noma ama-glumelas embali eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye.
Kulawa ma-spikelets amathathu, lawa amabili asemaceleni akhombisa izici eziyinyumba, kanti eyodwa emaphakathi iyabobulili obubili. Amaphethelo amabi futhi amade azokwakhiwa ngokunweba ithiphu ngayinye yama-bracts, ukuze imbewu eyodwa iphume eqenjini ngalinye lama-spikelets, azoqhakaza ngezikhathi zasentwasahlobo noma ehlobo.
Ngaphakathi I-Hordeum murinum kukhona ama-subspecies ama-2 nezigaba ezi-4 ezihlukile nama-genotypes abo ahlukahlukene. Lawa ngamaqembu amabili abalulekile ahlukanisa izinhlobo zalesi sitshalo, ezahluka phakathi kwazo ngenani lama-chromosomes anawo.
- H murinum var. I-Glaucum: Uhlala ezindaweni ezifudumele eduze neMedithera, eduze nezwekazi kanye nolwandle kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi.
- H murinum var. I-Leporinum: yaziwa nangokuthi ibhali lomvundla, itholakala ezindaweni ezomile, lapho kune imvula engaphansi kwama-425mm.
Izici ezijwayelekile
Lesi sitshalo utshani bonyaka, okusho ukuthi unesivuno esisodwa kuphela ngonyaka, futhi noma ingafinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-50, ubude bayo obuphakathi buphakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-16 nangu-30 cishe.
Umbala wayo uvame ukwehla phakathi kokuluhlaza okwekhakhi, kwesinye isikhathi kuveza uhlobo oluthile lwe umbala we-purplish futhi kuzoba ukuphela kobusika nokuqala kwentwasahlobo umzuzu wokuqhakaza kwawo.
Kubhekwa njengesitshalo se-cosmopolitan, ngoba sitholakala ngokunembile kuwo wonke amazwekazi, okuyisisekelo, ngenxa yamandla aphezulu nokuqina ukuhlala cishe kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo, simelana nanoma yikuphi ukushisa nokhula, ngoba sikhula phakathi kwezitshalo, kusho inkinga kubalimi, okumele bayisuse emazweni abo, bangaphumeleli kancane.
Uhlobo olunengozi enkulu yokwethulwa
Kungenzeka ukuthi kwamanye amazwe azisekho izibonelo zalesi sitshalo noma ngisho nokuthi kusekhona izikhungo ezimbalwa lapho zikhona, kepha ngemuva kocwaningo oluningi kwaqedwa ukuthi lezi zitshalo zingena emazweni amasha ngendlela ehlasela kakhulu, ngemizila ehlukene futhi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Kwamaningi ala mazwe, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokunqanda ukwanda kwalezi zinhlobo, ngoba nje azivezi noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphazamiseka.
Izici ezenza kube konakalisayo
Esikhathini esedlule siveze ukuthi lolu hlobo lubonisa ukungena okulula kakhulu ezindaweni lapho lungahlali khona futhi lokhu kuhlobene ngqo neqiniso lokuthi I-Hordeum murinum izala ngembewu ezihlakazeka kalula, kungaba yimishini yezolimo, lapho yenza imisebenzi yayo yokuvuna noma yokuhlwanyela, kanye nemishini yezolimo nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimoto.
Noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphazamiseka luzothanda ukuhluma kwalo, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi zitholakale ngobuningi ezindaweni lapho kudliwa khona kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zemisebenzi yezolimo.
historia
Leli bhali lidideke kakhulu ne- IHordeum vulgare, okungukuthi, ibhali, okusho uhlobo oluqinile kakhulu futhi olude kakhulu lwalesi sakhi, ngalo ubhiya uyenziwa, ufulawa wokubhaka kanye nefolishi.
Indaba ithi ngezikhathi lapho indlala ihlasela abantu, i I-Hordeum murinum Ibisetshenziselwa nokwenza izimpahla ezibhakiwe, impela ngaphandle kokuthola ikhwalithi efanayo, ngakho-ke, noma ngabe banayo eyodwa emnyango noma nxazonke zezindonga zezindlu zabo, Lezi zinhlobo azemukelwa kahle noma zikhunjulwe izizukulwane ezedlule, ngokuzenza zikhumbule izikhathi ezimbi.
Izifundo ezahlukahlukene zesitshalo
Kwenziwe izifundo ezahlukahlukene wethonya lolu hlobo lwesitshalo olunalo kubantu njengezilwane nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Umthelela kubantu
Endabeni yokuthi isithinta kangakanani thina bantu, lolu hlobo lwebhali alunalo uhlobo oluthile lwemiphumela emibi esimweni sokungeniswa kwalo, yize lunjalo kungaholela kwizimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ukuthintwa nokuhlikihlwa kwezikhumba ezithile ezizwelayo nazo. Njengoba imbewu yayo ihlakazwa ngumoya, kungenzeka futhi ukuthi faka amehlo ethu, kudala ukungaphatheki kahle okuthile, kepha ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhulu.
Imithelela engaba khona lapho uhlala khona
Endabeni ethile yomthelela onawo ezindaweni lapho ikhula khona, i- I-Hordeum murinum kungakha abantu abampintshane abazoncintisana namanzi nezinhlobo zomdabu, noma batshalwe lapho, okuyi kusho inkinga kubanikazi bezitshalo. Njengoba imbewu yabo yomile futhi kulula kakhulu ukusatshalaliswa ngumoya, maningi amathuba okuthi babe nomthelela ekwandiseni imvamisa nomthamo womlilo wehlathi.