Namuhla sizokhuluma ngotshani obuvame kakhulu obutholakala ezitshalweni ezisanhlamvu obuthathwa njengokhula olugcwele engxenyeni esenyakatho yeSpain. Imayelana ne- I-Lolium rigidum. Igama laso elijwayelekile yi-vallico futhi siyisitshalo esisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimfundeni nasotshanini. Yize kubhekwa njengokhula emkhakheni wezolimo, isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezivamile nasemapaki asemadolobheni. Yisitshalo seminyaka yonke esikhiqiza monocotyledonous futhi saziwa ngamanye amagama afana ne-amargallo, codilla, duello, luello, luejo, margallo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, izidingo zemvelo, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nezinto ozithandayo I-Lolium rigidum.
Izici eziyinhloko
Luhlobo lwesitshalo esivame ukutholakala ezitshalweni ezisanhlamvu. Yize ithathwa njengokhula kulezi zinsimu, isetshenziswa ezimfundeni nasotshanini. Ine- ukuhluma phakathi kwehlobo ngasekupheleni kuya ekuqaleni kobusika. Ingatholakala ezindaweni zokusanhlamvu futhi ukuvela kwayo okukhulu ekwindla. Ngeyomndeni wotshani futhi iyisitshalo saminyaka yonke.
Inokuphakama okuhambayo kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-10-60 neziqu ziyenyuka. Amaqabunga awo amafushane futhi anembotshana encane enolwelwesi. Inama-auricles kanti neziqu ziba rougher engxenyeni engenhla yesitshalo. Ingaba nezimbali eziphakathi kuka-2 no-11 kanti ama-anther ayo angama-4.5 mm ubude. Ezinye zezinhlobo eziseduze ezingadidaniswa nazo I-Lolium rigidum yiyona I-Lolium perenne. Lesi sitshalo sine-anthers encane futhi siyisitshalo esingapheli. Ama-anthers awo angama-3 mm ubude. Olunye uhlobo olufanayo yilolo I-Lolium multiflorum. Umehluko ngalesi sitshalo ukuthi sinemibala emifushane futhi ingafinyelela ku-2/3 wobude be- I-Lolium rigidum.
Izidingo zemvelo ze- I-Lolium rigidum
Lesi sitshalo sithathwa njengokhula emasimini okusanhlamvu. Kodwa-ke, badinga izidingo ezithile zemvelo ukuze baphile kahle. Ikhula kuphela ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu saseMedithera futhi ivumelaniswa nezimo zezulu ezomile. Impumelelo yokuthuthuka nokukhula kwayo kungenxa yokuthi ukujwayela kwayo Ikuvumela ukuthi ungafuneki kakhulu ngokwenani lamanzi owadingayo. Futhi iyakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi futhi ingashintshwa ibe yizinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi.
Lezi zici zenza kube lula ukukhula njengesitshalo uma kukhulunywa ngokwandisa indawo yokusabalalisa kwayo. Ivela emgodini waseMedithera futhi ukutshalwa kwawo emadlelweni kusabalale emazweni ahlukahlukene anesimo sezulu saseMedithera. Singasithola lesi sitshalo e-Australia yize indawo yaso yehle kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Imbangela yokwehla kwalaba bantu kungenxa yenkinga ekhona nge-ARGT (Annual RyeGrass Toxicity). I-ARGT iyi ukufaka imfuyo ushevu ngokudla ubuthi ekhiqizwa amagciwane I-Rathayibacter toxicus ezitshalweni ezithelelekile. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka esitshalweni futhi kwenzeka ngamagciwane akhiqizwa ngokuba khona kwe-nematode Anguina baleas.
Lezi ngezinye zezizathu zokuthi kungani abantu be- I-Lolium rigidum ancishisiwe kulezi zinhlelo zemvelo. Kodwa-ke, eSpain engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe kubhekwa njengokhula oluvela emasimini okusanhlamvu. Ingahlwanyelwa ngamasiko amsulwa noma kumixube futhi badinga umhlaba owomile noma umhlaba oniselwa. Yize ingadingi amanzi amaningi ukuze ikwazi ukuthuthuka, idinga ukunisela okuthile okusizakala ngezitshalo zokusanhlamvu.
Izindlela zokusebenzisa I-Lolium rigidum
Lesi sitshalo sinokuma okuhle ensimini uma sesitshalwe ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Singathola ukuhlwanyela isilinganiso esiphakathi kuka 15-30 kilograms ngehektha ngalinye. Yize kubhekwa njengesitshalo sonyaka sokuhlwanyela izimoto, inezinkinga ezithile ngokuphikelela ensimini ngemuva konyaka wesithathu. Izimbangela zokwehliswa kokuphikelela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi endaweni ekhulayo ziyafundwa ukubona ukuthi ziyini.
Yize kubhekwa njengokhula emasimini okusanhlamvu, inenzalo ye-forage. Futhi kuyisitshalo esikhula kahle ebusika, inqobo nje uma izimvula zasekwindla zihambisana naso futhi sinamandla amakhulu okutshala. I-tillering ayilutho nje lwesici esivumela ukuthi sandiswe kalula uma kunesidingo sokulima okuphelele.
Emikhiqizweni enezimvula, ukusatshalaliswa nokuchichima kwawo kuyathandeka kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko kuncike embusweni wezomthetho ukuthi abantu bakhona futhi basendaweni futhi bangafinyelela amanani afinyelela kumathani ayisishiyagalolunye ngemitha nehektare elilodwa kuye ngezimo ezifanele. Inokudla okwanele kwekhwalithi futhi okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni ongahluziwe kuphezulu impela. Emafolokwini wekhwalithi ephezulu esingayithola ezungeze i- Amaprotheni angama-25% angcolile lapho isitshalo sisesimweni seqabunga kanye no-14% wamaprotheni ongahluziwe lapho kuvalelwa.
Ukusetshenziswa nezinhlobonhlobo
Phakathi kokusetshenziswa esinakho kwe- I-Lolium rigidum sesivele sibonile ekudleni. Isetshenziselwa ukuklaba nokuvuna. Ezitshalweni ezinethwa yimvula, kwenziwa imisebenzi eminingi futhi ezindaweni eziniselwa ngenkasa kungenziwa okuningi. Uma izimvula zasekwindla zibambezeleka ngesikhathi futhi kamuva umkhiqizo wenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Lesi sitshalo sinamandla okukhothoza futhi, ngakho-ke, sisetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwanoma yikuphi ukukhothoza. Ngale ndlela, isitshalo sivunyelwe ukuvela futhi ukusetshenziswa okulandelayo kungenziwa lapho imbewu yamakhowe iwele phansi.
Kunezinhlobo ezithile ze I-Lolium rigidum futhi abantu abazenzakalelayo besigodi sase-Ebro babonwe ngemiphumela ekhiqizayo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhle kokudla. Ezinye zalezi zinhlobonhlobo yiWimmera neNurra.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge I-Lolium rigidum.