I-Mycena chlorophos Kuwuhlobo lwe-fungus emndenini we-Fungiaceae. Yaqala ukuchazwa ngo-1860, isikhunta sitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia, kuhlanganise neJapane, iTaiwan, iPolynesia, i-Indonesia, neSri Lanka, kanye ne-Australia neBrazil. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuba yikhowe elifana ne-bioluminescence.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, ukuhlukaniswa kanye nezakhiwo ze- I-Mycena chlorophos.
Izici eziyinhloko
Amakhowe anamakepisi ansundu ngokuphaphathekile ampunga afika ku-30 mm ububanzi phezu kweziqu ezingama-6-30 mm ubude futhi afinyelele ku-1 mm ubukhulu. I I-Mycena chlorophos Kuyisikhunta esiyi-bioluminescent futhi sikhipha ukukhanya okuluhlaza okukhanyayo. Imiphumela ikhiqizwa emfucumfucwini yokhuni ewile njengamagatsha neziqu zezihlahla ezifile ehlathini. Isikhunta singakhula futhi sithele ngaphansi kwezimo zaselabhorethri., futhi izimo zokukhula ezithinta i-bioluminescence ziye zacwaningwa.
Ikepisi ekuqaleni liyi-convex, kamuva libe isicaba (ngezinye izikhathi libe nokucindezeleka okuphakathi), futhi lingafika ku-30 mm ububanzi. Isivalo sinemifantu eyi-radial enwebeka cishe phakathi nendawo, kwesinye isikhathi iqhekeke emaphethelweni ngama-crenellations amancane. Umbala onsundu ngokumpunga ophaphathekile, uyafiphala ngemva kokuvuvukala, unamathela kancane. Iziqu ezimhlophe zingu-6-30 mm ubude, 0,3-1 mm ubukhulu, zingenalutho, futhi zishintshashintsha. Inezinwele ezincane ebusweni bayo. Iziqu ziyi-discoid noma i-bulbous kancane esisekelweni, 1-2,5 mm ububanzi. Amagill azacile awaxhunywanga esiqwini noma axhunywe kukhola ekhanyayo ezungeza isiqu.
Ekuqaleni amhlophe, bese empunga, ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile, anezimbotshana ezigcwele ubude obuyi-17-32 kanye nemigqa engu-1-3 ye-lamellae (ama-gill amafushane awanwebeki ngokuphelele ukusuka emphethweni wekepisi ukuya esiqwini). Amajikijolo angu-0,3-1 mm ububanzi, anamamajini e-mica. I-pulp inhle kakhulu futhi inephunga elinamandla le-ammonia. Kokubili ikepisi namagill kuyi-bioluminescent, kanti i-mycelium nesiqu azikhanyisi kangako.
Izinhlamvu zimhlophe, zibushelelezi, cishe zi-oval, 7-8,5 x 5-6 μm ngosayizi.. I-Basidioids (amaseli aphethe i-spore) ikala u-17-23 x 7,5-10 µm ngezinhlamvu ezine ze-sterigmata ezingaba ngu-3 µm ubude. Amahlumela angu-5–8 µm ububanzi, mafushane futhi maningi kakhulu kunalawo e-basidiocarp, futhi akha igobolondo elithi gelatinous.
I-Cheilocystidia (ama-cysts emaphethelweni ejwabu leso le-capsular) angama-60 x 7-21 μm ngosayizi, acacile, angama-conical noma i-ventricular (i-inflated). Iphuzu le-cheilocystidia lisuswa ngokucijile noma line-appendage emfushane engu-15 x 2-3 μm, ngezinye izikhathi igatsha, mncane noma ugqinsi olunodonga oluncane. Awekho ama-cysts ohlangothini lwe-branchial. Zimise okwenduku futhi ziyi-25-60 x 13-25 μm ngosayizi. Izindonga zabo ziwugqinsi ngandlela-thile, zi-spiny ezindaweni ezingenalutho, ezineziqu ezifushane, ezilula ezifika ku-3 μm.
Indawo yokuhlala kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-Mycena chlorophos
Izidumbu ezithela izithelo ze-Mycena chlorophos zitholakala emahlathini lapho zikhula zibe yizigaxa emfucumfucwini yokhuni njengamagatsha, amagatsha, namagxolo awile. Hachijo and Kogijima, Japan, isikhunta sitholakala ikakhulukazi ezihlahleni ezibolayo zezihlahla zesundu zase-Phoenix roeberenii. Isikhunta sidinga ububanzi obufanele bomswakama ukuze senze amakhowe; esiqhingini sase-Hachijo, isibonelo, ukuthela kwenzeka kuphela ngezikhathi zezimvula zikaJuni/Julayi kanye noSepthemba/Okthoba lapho umswakama ohambisanayo uzungeze u-88%, ngokuvamile ngosuku olungemva kwemvula. Ucwaningo lokuhlola luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-mushroom primordia emanzi kakhulu iyagogeka, kuyilapho izimo ezome kakhulu zenza amakepisi aguge futhi aqhume njengoba ulwelwesi lwejeli oluntekenteke oluwambozayo luphuka.
E-Asia, lezi zinhlobo zitholakale eJapane, eTaiwan, ePolynesia, eJava naseSri Lanka. E-Japan, ikhowe liya lingavamile njengoba umkhuba walo wemvelo uncipha. Abaqondisi abaningi base-Australia babike uhlobo oluvela ezweni. Lesi sikhunta siphinde sabhalwa izikhathi eziningana eBrazil. I-Mycena chlorophos ingelinye lamakhowe amaningana afakwe kusethi yezitembu zokuposa ezakhishwa eSamoa ngo-1985.
I-Bioluminescence ye-Mycena chlorophos
Uhlobo lwaqala ukuchazwa ngokwesayensi ngokuthi i-Agaricus chlorphos ngo-1860 nguMiles Berkeley noMoses Ashley Curtis. Isifanekiso sokuqala saqoqwa eziQhingini zaseBonin ngo-Okthoba 1854 yisazi sezitshalo saseMelika uCharles Wright ngesikhathi sakhe saseNyakatho Pacific Expedition and Survey Expedition ka-1853-1856. U-Pier Andrea Saccardo wadlulisela lolu hlobo kuhlobo lwe-Mycenae ekushicilelweni kwango-1887. UDaniel Desjardin kanye nozakwabo bachaza kabusha uhlobo lwezilwane futhi basungula isifanekiso se-phylogenetic ngo-2010.
Ngo-1860, uBerkeley noCurtis bachaza uhlobo lwe-Agaricus cyanophos oluvela ezintweni eziqoqwe eziqhingini zaseBonin. Impahla yatholwa eduze nalapho kwatholakala khona isampula ye-M. chlorphos, kodwa ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa. Izazi zaseJapane ze-mycologists u-Seiya Ito kanye no-Sanshi Imai bafunda lawa maqoqo ngasekupheleni kwawo-1930 futhi baphetha ngokuthi i-cyanobacterium Agaricus blazei yayiwuhlobo olufanayo ne-M. chlorophos, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuma kwesigqoko, inhlanganisela yamagill nombala wokukhanya okukhishwayo kwakuhlukile.
U-Desjardin nozakwabo bayavumelana nalesi sinqumo ngemva kokuhlola uhlobo lwempahla yazo zombili i-tax. I-M. chlorphos ihlukaniswa esigabeni i-Exornatae yohlobo lwe-Mycenae. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-luminescent kulesi sigaba yi-M. discobasis kanye ne-M. marginata. Abanye ababhali babheka i-M. illumans njengefana ne-M. chlorphos ngenxa yokufana kwe-morphological, kodwa ukuhlaziya kwamangqamuzana kwabonisa ukuthi kwakuyizinhlobo ezihlukene.
Njengoba isikhunta sincane futhi sithela izithelo ezinkathini ezilinganiselwe kuphela ngezinga elincane, abacwaningi baphenye izimo ezidingekayo ukuze kukhule lezi zinhlobo ngokwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo zaselabhorethri ukuze kube nezinto eziningi zokufunda indlela ye-bioluminescence nokusiza ukuvikela lezi zinhlobo. . Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokukhula kwe-mycelium ngu-27 °C, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa elilungile lokukhula kwe-primordium lingu-21 °C. Lawa mazinga okushisa ahambisana nesimo sezulu esishisayo lapho lolu hlobo lwezilwane luvame ukutholakala khona.
Ukukhanya okuphezulu kwe-luminescence kwenzeka ku-27 ° C, cishe amahora angama-25 kuye kwangama-39 ngemuva kokuba i-primordia iqale ukwakheka, lapho isembozo sesinwetshwe ngokugcwele. Ku-21 °C, ukukhanya kuyaqhubeka cishe izinsuku ezi-3 futhi kungabonakali ngeso lenyama cishe emahoreni angama-72 ngemva kokuqala kokuqala.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-Mycena chlorophos nezici zayo.