I-nitrogen ibaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni. Eqinisweni, kungangokuthi uma bengayitholi emhlabathini lapho izimpande zabo zikhula khona, bangaba nezinkinga ezinkulu zokukhula.
Kepha kubalulekile futhi ukuthi sikhumbule ukuthi ukweqiwa kwalesi sakhi somzimba kungaba yingozi ezitshalweni zethu. Ngakho-ke Ake sibone ukuthi kubaluleke ngani, futhi singazi kanjani ukuthi isitshalo sidinga i-nitrogen.
Yini i-nitrogen?
Umjikelezo we-nitrogen
I-nitrogen yikhemikhali uphawu lwayo olungu-N. Lukhona emoyeni womkhathi, ngamaphesenti aphezulu (78%), nakwizidalwa eziphilayo. Kungathatha amafomu amaningi: isibonelo, emoyeni kuyigesi, ngenkathi emhlabathini itholakala ezitshalweni ngendlela yama-nitrate nama-nitrites.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhona futhi ekudleni okuningi okuhloselwe abantu nezilwane zabo, kanye nakumanyolo nomquba osetshenziselwa ukunakekela izitshalo.
Izitshalo zikufinyelela kanjani?
Lowo ngumbuzo othakazelisa kakhulu, ngoba ingxenye enkulu ye-nitrogen esala itholakala ezitshalweni imuncwa inhlabathi esemkhathini. Futhi i-nitrogen idlula kanjani isuka emoyeni iye emhlabathini? Hhayi-ke, kunezindlela ezimbili: enye ingama-microorganisms (ngokuyisisekelo angama-bacterium akhiqiza i-nitrogen, noma anesibopho sokuyilungisa), kanti enye ingezimvula nezinye izimo zezulu.
Indlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi esheshayo eyokuqala, ngoba njengoba sazi ukuthi alinisi mvula kuzo zonke izindawo ngemvamisa efanayo, futhi ezindaweni eziningi alikho ngisho neqhwa. Kepha kunenkinga: akuzona zonke emhlabeni okuyizimo ezilungile zokuthi amagciwane amancane akhiqize i-nitrogen ngobuningi obanele bezitshalo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuyadingeka kaningi ukubhenela kumanyolo ukuze akhule ngokujwayelekile.
Manje, bakufinyelela kanjani? Ngokusebenzisa izimpande, futhi ngezinga elincane ngokusebenzisa izimbotshana zamaqabunga.
Unamuphi umsebenzi ezitshalweni?
I-nitrogen ifeza imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile, kepha ingafingqwa ngomunye: ukukhula. Kubalulekile ukuthi amaseli ande futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kubalulekile neziqu, izimpande, amaqabunga, ... ngamafuphi, zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zingaqhubeka nokukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka kakhulu ezimbewini, ngoba ngenxa yaleli khemikhali zingahlala ziphila isikhathi eside noma esincane kuze kube kunikezwa izimo ezifanele zokuhluma.
Uma sifuna ukucacisa, singasho ukuthi i-nitrogen kuyadingeka ekukhiqizeni i-chlorophyll nama-auxins, kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-lignin (ingxenye yokhuni etholakala ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni).
Ziyini izimpawu zokushoda noma ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen ezitshalweni?
Ngenhlanhla, njengoba lokhu kuyinto edingekayo ezitshalweni, kulula ukwazi ukuthi ilahlekile noma yeqile. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini izimpawu zecala ngalinye:
- Ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen: amacembe aphenduka aphuzi aqale ngalawo amadala, ukukhula kuyama, futhi neziqu zingakhubeka.
- Ukweqiwa kwe-nitrogen: lapho ziningi kakhulu zikhiqiza amaqabunga amaningi, ukukhula mhlawumbe ngokushesha kepha futhi buthakathaka, zizwela kakhulu ezinambuzane, izifo, isomiso, njll.
Ngalesi sizathu, Akukuhle ukungasileli noma ukuzedlula thina. Kwenzeka into efanayo nangokunisela: inqobo nje uma sengeza inani lamanzi abalidingayo futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi uma bomile ngempela, bazoniselwa kahle amanzi; kepha uma sibagcinela umhlaba njalo unamanzi, izimpande zabo zizobola.
Izinhlobo zikamanyolo ezicebile nge-nitrogen yezitshalo
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zikamanyolo ezicebile nge-nitrogen, kodwa okokuqala ake ngikutshele ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ulandele imiyalo yokusetshenziswa ongayifunda kumaphakethe womkhiqizo. Ngalokho kusho, ake sibheke ukuthi yini enye yalezi ezikhona:
urea
I-Urea iyifomu le-diamide le-carbonic acid, ngakho-ke kungumkhiqizo onokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen: ngaphezulu kwama-46%. Ngalesi sizathu, sincoma ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuphela lapho izitshalo zikhombisa ukubambezeleka okukhulu ekukhuleni kwazo, futhi futhi zinamaqabunga e-chlorotic.
Ithenge lapha.
I-ammonium nitrate
Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.
Lona ngumanyolo onokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen phakathi kuka-33 no-34,5%Kulelo phesenti, uhhafu yi-ammonia nitrogen kanti omunye u-50% yi-nitric nitrogen. Ngakho-ke, kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuze izitshalo zikhule ngokujwayelekile, inqobo nje uma zisetshenziswa ngendlela efanele, yebo.
Ithole kusuka Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele..
I-ammonium sulfate
I-ammonium sulfate iqukethe nesibabule, ngakho-ke ayigcini nje ngokuba umanyolo nje kuphela kodwa futhi njenge-fungicide futhi nokwenza ngcono izakhiwo zamakhemikhali zenhlabathi ezine-pH eyisisekelo noma ene-alkaline (pH ka-7 noma ngaphezulu).
Uyayifuna? Chofoza lapha.
IGuano
El isitibhili Ungumquba ovela emvelweni, hhayi ize, ubulongwe bezinyoni zasolwandle noma amalulwane. Ukwakheka kwayo kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngokudla kwesilwane, kanye ne-guano uqobo: ukuthi iqabuleka kanjani ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwayo, ngokwesibonelo, iyoba ne-nitrogen eyengeziwe.
Ingenye yezinto ezihamba phambili emakethe, ngoba ngaphezu kwe-N iqukethe i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-calcium, kanye ne-humic ne-fulvic acid. Vele, kugxilwe kakhulu: noma ngabe kungokwemvelo, kufanele uthathe umthamo okhonjisiwe esitsheni, kungabi ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi; ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zizoshisa.
Lapha unayo uketshezi futhi ungene lesi sixhumanisi granulated. Yithole.
Umanyolo wamakhemikhali
Sesiqedile ngamakhemikhali. Impela uzwile, noma kungenzeka ukuthi uthenge nomanyolo nge-NPK, okungukuthi, nge-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Lezi yizakhi ezintathu ezibaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni, yingakho umanyolo oqukethe amaphesenti amakhulu noma amancane adayiswa emakethe.
Isibonelo, umanyolo ophindwe kathathu we-15 uqukethe i-15% nitrogen, i-15% ye-phosphorus ne-15% ye-potassium. Uma kungumanyolo ka-15-5-30, kusho ukuthi uqukethe i-15% nitrogen, 5% phosphorus ne-30% potassium. Futhi ngakho wonke umuntu. Ukusetshenziswa kwaso kuyathakazelisa lapho sinohlobo lwesitshalo, njengesihlahla sesundu noma umdolofiya, futhi sifuna ukuwufaka umanyolo ngomkhiqizo othile. okwakhe.
Ubucabangani ngalesi sihloko? I-nitrogen njengoba sibonile ibalulekile, kepha ukweqisa kwalesi sakhi kungadala izinkinga ezinkulu ezitshalweni, ngoba zibenza babe buthakathaka futhi babe sengozini yezilokazane nabanye. Sithemba ukuthi ufunde okuningi ngalesi sakhi samakhemikhali nendima yaso embusweni wezitshalo.