Uma kukhona uhlobo lwe-cactus olumelana nesomiso, nayo enezimbali ezinemibala egqame kakhulu nezithelo zayo zimnandi, leyo enye ye I-Opuntia. Lezi zitshalo ze-cacti yizona zodwa emndenini ezanele ukuthi uzigcobe ukuze ubone ukuthi ameva ambalwa angaphansi kuka-1cm ubude anamathele kanjani kuwe, kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu kuphazamiseka okuncane, Ziyi-cacti yokuhlobisa engadingi ukunakekelwa okuningi. Ngazo zonke lezi zizathu, zingama-cacti angavame ukusweleka emaqoqweni noma ezingadini ezitholakala ezindaweni lapho imvula incane khona.
Kulesi esikhethekile ngizokukhombisa izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-Opuntia, futhi ngasekupheleni ngizokunika ezimbalwa amathiphu okukhulisa kokubili ezimbizeni nasensimini. Ungaphuthelwa.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko
I-Opuntia ficus indica
La O. ficus indica, u I-Opuntia maxima eyaziwa nangokuthi i-palera, i-nopal, i-pearly pear, i-higochumbo, i-pear prickly namanye amagama amaningi Ngokuyinhloko idabuka eMexico, kodwa itholakala kulo lonke elaseMelika (eNyakatho naseNingizimu). Namuhla futhi ikwazile ukwenziwa ibe semvelo eMedithera, kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lokuba yisifo. Inesimo se-bushy, esikhulayo kuze kufike ngaphezu kuka-3m ukuphakama, enezingxenye - "amaqabunga" ala ma-cacti - aze afike ku-15cm ubude ngo-5-6cm ububanzi, aluhlaza. Zinezinhlobo ezimbili zemigogodla: ezinye zinde kuphuma enkabeni ye-areola ngayinye, kanti ezinye zimfishane futhi zizacile. Izimbali zingaba ophuzi, obomvu noma owolintshi, kuze kufike ku-5cm ububanzi. Isithelo lesi sibizwa ngokuthi ngamakhiwane ayindilinga, yingakho saziwa ngegama likaparele elibomvu noma i-palera.
I-Opuntia littoralis
La O. littoalis Ivela eMexico naseCalifornia. Iyakhula kuze kufike ekuphakameni okungu-1m, enamasegmenti afinyelela ku-30cm ubude ngo-10cm ububanzi. Kuze kufike imiqolo engu-11 kuma-areo, lapho ende kunazo zonke ingalinganisa u-1cm. Izimbali zayo ziphuzi ngesisekelo esibomvu, futhi zingalinganisa ububanzi obungu-7,5cm.
Ama-microdasys we-Opuntia
La O. ama-microdasys iyi-cactus edabuka enkabeni yeMexico. Ikhula njenge-shrub efinyelela ku-1m ukuphakama, inamagatsha amakhulu. Izingxenye zingaba ngu-10cm ubude ngo-5-6cm ububanzi. Ama-areola asondelene kakhulu, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo; kulowo nalowo kubo kuvela ameva amancane amancane futhi amahle. Izimbali zingu-4cm ububanzi, futhi ziphuzi ngombala.
opuntia monacantha
La O. monacantha Ingenye ephezulu kakhulu yohlobo, elinganiselwa ku-6m ubude. Idabuka eNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi evela eBrazil, e-Argentina, eParaguay nase-Uruguay. Izingxenye zingama-20-25cm ubude cishe ngo-10cm ububanzi. Kuhluma ihlumela elilodwa noma amabili amhlophe amhlophe avela e-areola ngayinye. Izimbali ziphuzi noma zibomvu, futhi zingalinganisa ububanzi obungu-8cm.
I-Opuntia ovata
La o.ova Idabuka eMexico. Ingafinyelela ukuphakama okungu-1m noma u-1,5m, enezigaxa eziluhlaza okotshani. Inezinsipho ezinde, u-2cm ubude, nezinye izinhlobo ezincane nezinhle eziqhamuka ezinkundleni zemvelo. Imbali ihle kakhulu, iphuzi noma i-orange.
I-Opuntia tomentosa
La O. tomentosa Idabuka eMexico. Ngabe ukukhula kwe-shrub kuze kufike ku-2m, yize endaweni yokuhlala ingafinyelela ku-8m ukuphakama. Izingxenye zifinyelela ku-30cm ubude cishe ngo-10cm ububanzi, zinombala oluhlaza okotshani ngombala futhi zimbozwe ungqimba oluncane "lwezinwele" ezimhlophe ezixosha ukukhanya kwelanga, ngaleyo ndlela zivimbele isitshalo ekulahlekelweni amanzi amaningi ngokweqile. Imisipha yayo, ehluma ema-areolas, imifushane kakhulu, ifinyelela ku-1cm ubude. Izimbali zibomvu, i-orange noma ziphuzi, zifinyelela ku-5cm ububanzi.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Opuntia
Lezi zitshalo zingenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu lapho ufuna izitshalo ezikwazi ukumelana nesomiso. Yize, ngenxa yobukhulu abangafinyelela kubo, kunconywa kakhulu ukuba nabo engadini, sizobona nokuthi banakekelwa kanjani ebhodweni.
Engadini
Ukuze ube nama-Opuntias anempilo, kuyadingeka ukuthi babe nesikhala esanele sokuthi bakhule, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, kumele bayinike ukukhanya okuningi, ngokufanele usuku lonke. Babonga kakhulu, kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi bangatshalwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi, ngisho naleyo enamakhalori, inqobo nje ukuthi ngonyaka wokuqala bayaniselwa kanye ngesonto ukuze izimpande zabo zivumelane nezimo zezulu.
Okubunjiwe
Uma ufuna ukukufaka ebhodweni, ngincoma ukuthi usebenzise i-substrate enamanzi amaningi, njenge-peat ne-perlite exutshwe ngezingxenye ezilinganayo ngokwesibonelo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi unikeze ilanga ngqo, nokuthi iniselwe amahlandla ama-2 ngesonto ehlobo futhi njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10 unyaka wonke.
Esinye isihloko esingeke sikhohlwe yileso sokufakelwa kabusha, okuyinto kufanele kwenziwe njalo entwasahlobo. Awazi ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani? Ungakhathazeki, sikufundisa:
- Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze gqoka amanye amagilavu (okungcono uma ziyirabha).
- Okulandelayo, futhi ngokucophelela, beka umdolofiya ulele phansi endaweni eyisicaba.
- Manje, yibambe ngesisekelo sebhodwe, bese thepha izinhlangothi zombili ukuze icactus iphume.
- Lapho uhhafu webhola lempande uphumile, ungasusa ibhodwe.
- Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele gcwalisa imbiza yakho entsha kancane -Ifanele ibe ngu-5cm ububanzi- nge-substrate enezimbobo.
- Thatha i-cactus ngokucophelela ngebhola lempande, bese lifake embizeni yalo entsha.
- Ekugcineni, kufanele uqede ukugcwalisa, bese amanzi.
- Silungile! Beka i-cactus yakho endaweni ekhanya kakhulu, futhi uqhubeke uyinisela njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi kuze kufike ihlobo.
Izinhlupho nezifo
Yize kuyisitshalo esimelana kakhulu, esikwazi ukuzimela ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, kwesinye isikhathi iphutha ekulimeni lingadala ukuthi lithinteke mealybugs, ikakhulukazi leyo eyikotini, engalashwa ngamafutha ka-parafini, noma isuswe nge-swab ezindlebeni ezimanziswe ngensipho namanzi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikhunta I-Phytophthora Bangakulimaza kakhulu uma uniselwa ngokweqile, okwenza isiqu sithambe futhi sibole, futhi senze isitshalo sibonakale sisomile. Ngalesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ukugcwala ngokweqile, ngoba ngeshwa isikhunta sinzima kakhulu ngama-microorganism okuqeda. Eqinisweni, futhi uma sikhuluma nge-cacti, okuvame ukwenziwa ukusika kuhlanzeke bese ukutshala njengokuzisika ebhodweni nge-substrate enamandla kakhulu (njengesihlabathi somfula) ize iqale ukukhula.
Futhi uma kukhulunywa ngokusikwa, la ma-cacti akhiqiza kanjani?
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-Opuntia
Zingaphinda zizalwe ngembewu ehlobo noma, njengoba sibonile, ngokusikwa. Ungaqhubeka kanjani esimweni ngasinye?
Ngezimbewu
Izithelo zalezi cacti zivuthwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, lapho singazisebenzisa khona ukuze sidle ... ngiyaxolisa, ngokukhipha imbewu yabo nokuyihlwanyela, yebo. Izimbewu zincane, zingaphansi kuka-2cm ububanzi, nsundu ngokukhanyayo ngombala, futhi zimise okweqanda. Uma usukhishiwe, kufanele uwahlanze kahle, ngakho-ke ungazifaka ku-colander, bese uyibeka ngaphansi kompompi ukuze amanzi anakekele ukubashiya behlanzekile.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele ugcwalise ibhodwe elingadluli u-20cm ububanzi nge-porstr substrate Ukuba i-cactus engekho emgaqweni, kuzokwanela ukuxubai-peat emnyama ene-perlite ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo, bese ubeka ubuningi bezinhlamvu ezi-5. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzoba yindaba yokuchelela kuphela, nokubeka umbhede wembewu endaweni lapho kukhanyiswe khona ngqo yilanga.
Eyokuqala izohluma ngeviki noma amabili.
Ngu cuttings
Lezi zitshalo zizala kalula ngokusika "amaqabunga" (izingxenye). Isikhathi esikahle salokhu ukuthi phakathi nentwasahlobo, lapho amazinga okushisa eqala ukukhuphuka. Kwenziwa kanjena:
- Ngesarha lesandla, usike ingxenye okuthanda kakhulu, usondele ngangokunokwenzeka uye esiqwini noma esiqwini.
- Ngemuva kwalokho Gcwalisa imbiza engu-20-30cm ububanzi (kuya ngokuthi ingxenye enkulu kangakanani) ngesihlabathi somfula noma i-substrate efanayo.
- Ngemuva tshala ukusika phakathi nendawo.
- Amanzi.
- Ekugcineni, beka ibhodwe endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle kakhulu, kepha ivikelwe elangeni eliqondile.
Kuzoqala ukuqeda ngokushesha, ngemuva Izinsuku ezingama-10-15.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Opuntia
Lawa ma-cacti asetshenziswa ikakhulu njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa nesidliwayo. Izithelo zawo aqukethe i-iron, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, amavithamini, phakathi kwabanye. Kumele futhi kuthiwe eningizimu yeSpain izingxenye ezimbili ze O. ficus indica nezinduku ezimbalwa zokwakha imoto.
Kepha futhi inezinto ezithakazelisayo zokwelapha. Izingxenye zake zafudunyezwa kuhhavini asetshenziswa njenge-emollients, njenge-poultice. Futhi isetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukugaya, ukuhuda kanye nezilonda.
Ziyizona, njengoba sibona, izitshalo okuthi, noma kungabonakala ngenye indlela, zingasisiza kakhulu. Hhayi ezingadini kuphela, lapho zingatshalwa khona "ezindaweni eziyinkinga", kepha nasekhishini ngesikhathi sasehlobo, noma lapho sinenye inkinga yezempilo.
Ubucabangani ngale Opuntia ekhethekile? Unomuntu?