Emhlabeni wonke, upelepele ubhekwa njengendlovukazi yezinongo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zepelepele kuye ngemvelaphi yazo kanye nohlobo lwazo lokutshala. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngakho IPiper nigrum. Lesi sitshalo esomndeni wakwaPiperaceae futhi siyatshalwa ngenxa yezithelo zaso ezinikeza isinongo esithile esaziwa emhlabeni wonke njengopelepele. Lolu hlobo lunezinhlobo ezibalelwa ku-700, yize kuphela ezinye ezisetshenziselwa ukuthola upelepele. Yisitshalo esidabuka eningizimu ntshonalanga yeNdiya futhi sitholakala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo futhi ngokuzenzekelayo eChina.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, izakhiwo nokulinywa kwe- IPiper nigrum.
Izici eziyinhloko
Luhlobo lwesitshalo se-semi-creeper esingapheli esinezinto ezihlukumezayo. Ngokuvamile kuyisitshalo esikala cishe icishe ibe ngu-4-5 ubude futhi inamagatsha ayindilinga. Okugqamayo ngamagatsha ukuthi ahlakaniphile futhi anamafindo abanzi. Amaqabunga awo a-oval ne-lanceolate. Umbala uluhlaza ngokujulile futhi awabanzi kakhulu. Zingamaqabunga abukhali kakhulu anoqweqwe olujiyile olungaphansi. Amaqabunga, yize ebukhali, anomumo omude. Usayizi omaphakathi wamaqabunga uphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-5-18 ubude namasentimitha angu-2-12 ububanzi. I-petiole yayo ingamasentimitha angu-1-4 ubude.
Ngokuqondene nezimbali zayo, zingezohlobo lwe-hermaphroditic. Zineziqu ezimbili kanye ne-ovary ovary. Lolu hlobo lwama-ovari lunezici eziyinhloko zokukwazi ukukhiqiza iqanda elilodwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimbali zingakhula kuphela imbewu eyodwa. Izimbali zigqama ngokuba ngosayizi omncane, yize zinombala omhlophe omuhle kakhulu futhi zinamakha. Azinayo i-petiole kodwa ziyaqoqwa kuma-inflorescence ama-spikes amasentimitha ama-5 kuye kwangama-20 ubude.
Izithelo zalesi sitshalo amajikijolo amancane asayizi amancane kakhulu futhi awanayo i-petiole. Ziqukethe kuphela imbewu eqala ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, yize iphenduka ibe phuzi bese ibomvu ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Lapho sezikhulile futhi zomile, zinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene obuqala ngamasentimitha angu-0.3-0.6 ububanzi. Ngokuya ngesimo sokuvuthwa kwezithelo lapho zivunwa nohlobo lokuzilungiselela, singaba nezinhlobo eziningi zikapelepele.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze IPiper nigrum
Sizobuyekeza izinhlobo eziphambili zikapelepele ezikhona.
Upelepele omnyama
Owokuqala upelepele omnyama. Kuyinto yakudala futhi idalwa ukuthi izithelo ziqoqwa lapho ziluhlaza. Lapho lezi zithelo eziluhlaza noma eziphuzi zisala zome elangeni, kudlula izinsuku eziyi-7 bese bethola umbala omnyama nalokhu kubukeka okushwabene. Imayelana nokuhlukahluka kwe- IPiper nigrum lokho kunwaya okuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze omiswe kahle, izithelo kufanele zibekwe kuma-dryer afanele isikhathi esanele. Uma usifaka kubavuni, kuthatha amahora ambalwa kuphela ukuthi lesi sithelo sithole umbala waso omnyama nezakhiwo ezibabayo. Kodwa-ke, uma ziyekelwa ukuba zome elangeni ngokwemvelo, zizothatha isilinganiso sesonto ukufezekisa lokhu kubukeka.
Upelepele omhlophe
Izinhlobo zesibili ezaziwa kakhulu ze IPiper nigrum upelepele omhlophe. Ukuze uthole lolu hlobo lwepelepele kuzodingeka ukhethe amajikijolo lapho esevuthiwe. Kufanele zifakwe emanzini okungenani isonto. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, izingxenye zangaphandle ze-pericarp yesithelo zingapakwa futhi zikhuhlwe kalula. Okunye kusala ukuze kome elangeni izinsuku ezimbalwa futhi kuzoba okusanhlamvu okumhlophe okudala esikwaziyo.
Umehluko onawo kusuka kupelepele omnyama ukuthi ikhasi lidayiswa njengekhasi kwifomu le-powder futhi Unombala onsundu onsundu onephunga elibi kakhulu nokunambitheka. Kubuye kwehluke ngokuthi inephunga elikhulu kunelopelepele omnyama onambitheka ebabayo. Imvamisa ithengiswa ngegama likapelepele omhlophe noma upelepele ophukile.
Upelepele oluhlaza nobomvu
Lokhu kwehlukahluka kwe- IPiper nigrum itholakala ngokuzikhipha izithelo ezihlaza. Kuvunyelwe ukoma ngokushesha ukuze kugcinwe ku-brine noma uviniga. Kufanele futhi igaywe kahle. Izici ezinhle okubabayo okuncane kunopelepele omnyama kepha kunephunga elimnandi kakhulu.
Upelepele obomvu uqoqwa lapho izithelo zivuthwe kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lwepelepele lusakazeke kakhulu.
Ukulima kwe IPiper nigrum
Njengoba isitshalo se-rustic, asidingi ukunakekelwa okukhulu ukuze sikwazi ukukhula futhi sithele izithelo ngokufanele. Ukucabangela kuphela izici ezithile. Okokuqala isimo sezulu nendawo. Yisitshalo esenza kahle ezindaweni ezishisayo. Zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Izinhlobo eziningi zidinga ukushisa okuningi. Okungaphezulu noma okuncane kuyaqondakala emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kwama-25-30 degrees. Badinga umswakama omningi okhanyayo futhi ophakeme onomoya omuhle. Ngakho-ke, Kuyathakazelisa ukuqinisekisa umswakama ohlobene phakathi kuka-60-90%. Ukuze imvula yaminyaka yonke yesimo sezulu esihlala kuyo ikwazi ukukhula kahle, kufanele ibe cishe ngo-1500-2500mm.
Okunye kokubi kwalesi sitshalo ukuthi asibekezeleli isikhathi eside sesomiso. Bangakhula kahle emhlabathini ovundile, ovundile futhi ocebile ngezinto eziphilayo. Isici okumele inhlabathi ibe naso ukuthi sinamapayipi amahle. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo asiwabekezeleli amadaka ngoba ayimbangela yokubola kwezimpande. Futhi gwema inhlabathi esindayo yobumba. I-pH yenhlabathi kufanele ibe cishe ku-5.5-6.5 ngakho-ke ine-asidi encane.
Ukuze wande IPiper nigrum, inqubo esetshenziswa kakhulu nge-cuttings. Ingasakazwa nangembewu, kepha ayisetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuhweba ngenxa yokukhula kwayo kancane. Imvamisa ihlala phakathi kweminyaka eyi-15-20 inika isivuno saminyaka yonke. Unyaka ngamunye inganikeza isivuno esiphakathi kuka-6 no-8.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge IPiper nigrum.