Elinye lamakhowe aziwayo kakhulu e-hallucinogenic emhlabeni ngemiphumela yawo ye-psychotropic yi I-Psilocybe mexicana. Luhlobo lwekhowe le-psilocybin elingelomndeni wakwaStrophariaceae. Luhlobo lwefungus olukhona esifundeni saseMesoamerican, ngakho-ke alutholakali kwenye indawo emhlabeni. Izakhiwo zayo ezikhethekile zenze ukuthi isetshenziswe eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-2.000 XNUMX edlule ngamasiko wangaphambi kweSpanishi. Namuhla abantu abaningi basebenzisa leli khowe ngezici zalo ze-hallucinogenic.
Kule ndatshana sizochaza zonke izici, indawo yokuhlala kanye nemiphumela ye- I-Psilocybe mexicana.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu base-Aztec babebiza le mushroom teonanácatl, igama elisuselwa kuNahuatl teó (ti) = unkulunkulu, futhi nanácatl = amakhowe noma ukhunta. Le nkulumo ihumusha ngokuthi "amakhowe kaNkulunkulu." Yisikhunta esinesakhiwo ngendlela yokuthi sikhule siqonde ngqo emhlabathini. Isiqu saso siyabelwa futhi sinenkomishi emise okwensimbi enombala onsundu.
Izinto wonke amakhowe e-hallucinogenic anazo futhi ezenza zibe nemiphumela yizinto ezithinta ingqondo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-psilocybin ne-psilocin. El I-Psilocybe mexicana Inamaseli amaningi ngaphakathi kwesiqu angabonisa umbala osukela ku-ocher kuye ko-purplish omnyama. Labo abayithathayo baqinisekisa ukuthi inokunambitheka okune-asidi futhi iphunga iphunga elinamandla.
Umgomo osebenzayo walawa makhowe unquma u-0.003% wakho konke okuqukethwe, okwenza kube cishe impahla engu-0.3% yokoma. Ngokuvamile, zonke izikhunta eziqukethe lezi zimiso ezisebenzayo zakhiwe ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, zisebenzisa inhlabathi enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwentuthu nezinto eziphilayo ezinenqwaba yemfucumfucu yezitshalo. Njengamanje, kusekhona amaqembu ezinhlanga esifundeni esiphakathi neMexico asebenzisa leli khowe emasikweni abo endabuko.
I-Morphology
La I-Psilocybe mexicana unomzimba othelanayo noma ovulekile futhi une unyawo olunobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-10-15. Umbala we-ocher noma omnyama onsundu uyahluka kwezinye izibonelo kumathoni ampunga nawaphuzi. Abanye bethu bayakwazi ukubona izindawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza okotshani.
Ukuthungwa komqhele kuthanda ukubukeka futhi kunomswakama, kuguquke kancane futhi kushaywe kancane ngemisele ethile ebheke emaphethelweni. Uma sibheka ngaphakathi kwe-lamellae siyabona ukuthi zinesono futhi zihlobile. Ngaphakathi, anombala onsundu ngokujiyile futhi kwesinye isikhathi abe mpunga ophaphathekile onemiphetho emhlophe.
Isiqu sicishe sifane futhi ngokuvamile siyize. Umbala wayo ukhanya ngokukhanyayo ube nsundu ngokukhanyayo futhi unamathoni aphuzi noma abomvu. Uma siyisebenzisa ngobuqili, okuthile kuvame ukuba mnyama. Iphunga lomzimba elithelayo liyafana nofulawa. Imvamisa isungulwa emakoloni amancane noma iyodwa.
Ukusatshalaliswa nendawo okuhlala kuyo I-Psilocybe mexicana
Lesi sikhunta sikhula ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba zaseMexico, eGuatemala naseCosta Rica. Luhlobo lwendawo olukhona kulezi zindawo, ngakho-ke luhlukile lapho futhi ngeke siluthole ngokwemvelo kwenye ingxenye yomhlaba. Ngokuvamile ziyakhula ukwakha amaqembu amancane noma ngawodwana futhi kukhule emadlelweni ezindaweni ezimanzi emigwaqweni. Ngezinye izikhathi singathola izibonelo ezithile ezizungeze amahlathi.
Badinga inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ukuze bakwazi ukuthuthuka. Zivame ukubonwa emadlelweni nasezinkalweni zefusi futhi ngqo ngqo emqubeni. Kwezinye izihlahla ezinjenge-poplar noma i-beech, zivame ukukhula ngamaqembu amancane kusizakale izinto eziphilayo ezitholakala kulezi zindawo. Noma zincane kakhulu, ziyakhula futhi emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo noma ema-mesophiles asezintabeni.
Leli khowe lijwayela kalula kuzimo zombili ezinesimo sezulu esipholile nesinomswakama. Badinga imvula emaphakathi ngonyaka ephakathi Amamilimitha angama-800-3000 kanye nokushisa okuguquguqukayo okusukela kuma-degree angama-15-23. Ingatholakala ngobuningi obukhulu emahlathini amafu anomswakama ophezulu womkhathi ovame ukuhlotshaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zehlathi ezifana ne-Alnus, Clethra, Liquidambar, Nyssa, Quercus neTilia.
Ukulima kwe I-Psilocybe mexicana
Njengoba kuyizinhlobo ze-saprophytic ezondla ngezinto eziphilayo ezifile futhi inqubo yokubola ibaluleke kakhulu emvelweni kwimvelo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iyakwazi ukwehlisa isithunzi somhlabathi ongaphezulu iphinde ivuselele izakhamzimba ezisuka enhlabathini. Konke lokhu kuthanda ukuthuthukiswa okuhle kwenhlabathi nezinhlobo ezihambisana nakho.
Kubhekwa njengenhlobo ukuthi ikholoni izindawo eziseduze kwamahlathi ashabalalayo anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezitshalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iyisikhunta esinamandla aphezulu okuzivumelanisa nezimo ezifanele ukukhula kwayo. Ukusakazeka kwalolu hlobo kunqunyelwe ekongweni kwamahlathi aphakathi nendawo namafu lapho kwakhula khona ngokwemvelo.
Futhi ngukuthi ukulahleka kwemvelo ngenxa yomthelela wabantu kunganciphisa abantu basendle kanye nezimo zokusebenza kwabo. Ngale ndlela, indawo yokwabiwa incishiswe kakhulu futhi ingadala ukuhlehliswa kwabantu basePsilocybe mexicana.
Njengamanje kunjalo yi-1% kuphela yengqikithi yamahlathi aswakeme aseMexico afaka leli khowe. Basongelwa ngokwanda kwezolimo, amahlathi, imfuyo kanye nokuxhashazwa kwezimboni zezolimo. Ngakho-ke, ukulinywa kwayo ngokungemthetho kuyanda.
Imiphumela ye- I-Psilocybe mexicana
Ngokuba nalezi zimiso ezisebenzayo ngokuvamile unemiphumela ye-psychedelic, hallucinogenic noma i-entheogenic. Le miphumela incike esilinganisweni nakumuntu ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kungaba yinto emnandi noma engathandeki neze.
Izimpawu zokuqala ngemuva kokudliwa yi-euphoria ephelezelwa ukuhleka nokuveza izinjabulo. Kamuva, ngokuya ngesimo somqondo womuntu, kufinyelela isimo sokuthula nokuzola, kufinyelele ekucaceni nasekuphaphameni. Ngokuya ngomthamo, umqondo wokuqonda kwesikhathi nendawo ungashintshwa. Uyabona ukuthi imibala ihlangana kanjani futhi amalambu akhulisa ukukhanya kwawo. Eminye imisindo engajwayelekile ingabonakala futhi ukuqina kwemizwelo kungakhuphuka.
Izimpawu Imvamisa zihlala phakathi kwamahora we-4-6 bese ziqala ukusebenza phakathi kwemizuzu eyi-15-60.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nekhowe le-Psilocybe mexicana.