Umuthi we-oki waseHolm (Quercus ilex)

El I-Quercus ilex Isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza, kwesinye isikhathi isihlahla, esingatshalwa ezingadini ezinkulu noma ezincane. Izinga lokukhula kwalo lihamba kancane, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi linikeza umthunzi omuhle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo ezikhiqizayo ziyadla.

Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani, ungayeki ukufunda 🙂.

Umsuka nezici

Kuyisilwane esidabuka esifundeni saseMedithera, esitholakala cishe kuyo yonke iNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, iziQhingi zaseBalearic, eNyakatho Afrika, eFrance nase-Italy. Iphinde ikhule ngamaphuzu e-UK. Kuyaziwa ngegama lesayensi I-Quercus ilex, futhi ngokufushane noma okufushane okuvamile, i-holm oak, i-holm oak noma i-alzina.

Ikhula ibe ukuphakama okuphezulu kwamamitha ayi-16 kuye kwangama-25, ngenkomishi e-oval ekuqaleni eqoqekayo njengoba iminyaka ihamba. Kunoma ikuphi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ingahlala njengesihlahla esingamamitha ayi-3-5, ikakhulukazi uma indawo inamadwala kakhulu noma ingenazo izakhamzimba ezanele, noma uma lina kancane.

Amaqabunga ahlala eluhlaza, esele esihlahleni isilinganiso seminyaka engu-2,7 ngaphambi kokufakwa okusha. Zinokuthungwa kwesikhumba, futhi ziluhlaza okomnyama ngaphezulu phezulu futhi zikhanya ngaphansi. Lapho isencane inameva eceleni, futhi lapho isikhulile iba nayo emagatsheni aphansi. Ngalesi sizathu, ngesimo sayo esinamahlathi sidideka kalula ne-holly.

I-dioecious, okusho ukuthi kukhona izinyawo zesifazane nezinyawo zesilisa. Izimbali zesifazane zincane, zodwa noma zingamaqembu amabili, ophuzi ngokusawolintshi lapho esekhulile; abesilisa bavela emakhakheni alengayo naphuzi. Isithelo lesi yi-acorn, esingaba ngu-2-3cm ubude futhi sinekepisi elisimboza cishe libe maphakathi. Ngokuvamile, kuthatha isilinganiso seminyaka eyi-15-20 ukukwazi ukuthela izithelo okokuqala ngqa selokhu imbewu ihlume.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko

Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene noma ama-subspecies e-oki, okuyinhloko okulandelayo:

• I-Quercus ilex 'Rotundifolia': noma iQuercus rotundifolia. Waziwa njenge-oak holm oved algade, sweet holm oak or sweet acorn holm oak, uyisihlahla esihlala siluhlaza kusuka kumamitha ayi-8 kuye kwangama-15 ubude bomdabu ePeninsula yase-Iberia, eNyakatho Afrika, ezinye izingxenye zeFrance nezinye ze-United Kingdom.
• UQuercus ilex 'Ilex': Ekuqaleni kusuka kwezinye izingxenye zeFrance nakwezinye izindawo zaseMedithera, njengeziQhingi zeBalearic noma i-Italy.

Ziyini izinkathazo zabo?

Uma ufuna ukuba nekhophi, sincoma ukuthi uyinakekele ngale ndlela elandelayo:

Indawo

Kungumuthi okufanele ube njalo ngaphandle, elangeni eligcwele noma emthunzini omncane. Ayinampande ehlaselayo, kepha idinga indawo yokukhula ngakho kubalulekile ukuthi itshalwe okungenani amamitha ayi-5-6 kude namapayipi, inhlabathi egandayiwe nezinye izitshalo ezinde.

Umhlaba

• Imbiza yezimbali: Isebenzisa indawo ekhula yonke exutshwe ne-30% perlite, kepha akusona isitshalo esingagcinwa esitsheni impilo yayo yonke.
• Isibindi: i-holm oak ikhula enhlabathini e-siliceous noma ye-limestone, ekhishwe kahle.

Ukunisela

Yisitshalo esimelana nesomiso kahle, kepha ngaphandle kokudlulela. Ukuze ikhule kahle futhi ithuthuke kuyadingeka ukuyinisela kaningi noma kancane ehlobo, uvimbela umhlaba ukuba wome ngokuphelele, futhi njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-4-5 unyaka wonke.

Futhi ngukuthi, yebo, ivela eMedithera futhi ngenxa yalokho iyazivumelanisa ngaphandle kwezinkinga nokuhlala ezindaweni lapho ihlobo lomile futhi lifudumele kakhulu futhi ubusika bumnene, kepha uma uthola usizo, noma luncane, uzoba ngcono kuvaliwe.

Noma kunjalo, uma ungabaza, hlola umswakama wenhlabathi ngaphambi kokuchelela. Ngalokhu ungasebenzisa imitha yomswakama wedijithali noma ufake induku encane yokhuni.

Umbhalisile

Kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ngasekupheleni kobusika / ekwindla yokuqala ungayikhokha kanye ngenyanga nge Umanyolo wemvelo, njenge-guano (ungayithenga lapha ku Polvo futhi lapha uketshezi) ngokwesibonelo, ukulandela imiyalo echazwe kupakethe.

Ukuphindaphinda

El I-Quercus ilex yanda ngembewu noma ngezimpande entwasahlobo. Ake sibone ukuthi ungaqhubeka kanjani esimweni ngasinye:

Imbewu

1. Okokuqala kufanele ugcwalise imbiza engaba ngu-13cm ububanzi nge-substrate ekhulayo yendawo yonke bese uyinisela ngokuphelele.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho, kubekwa izimbewu ezimbili eziphakathi nendawo, futhi zimbozwe ungqimba oluncane lwe-substrate.
3. Ngemuva kwalokho ithusi noma isulfure zifafazwa ebusweni.
4. Ngemuva kwalokho, zimbozwa ungqimba oluncane lwe-substrate bese luniselwa futhi, kulokhu ngesifutho.
5. Ekugcineni, ibhodwe libekwa ngaphandle, emthunzini omncane.

Bazohluma ezinyangeni ezingu-1-2.

Umsuka amahlumela

Amahlumela empande yizithombo eziphuma eduze kwesitshalo sikamama. Ukuze ukwazi ukuhlukanisa, kufanele wenze imisele engaba ngu-20cm ukujula, bese umane uyisusa ngokucophelela. Bese betshalwa ezimbizeni ngazinye noma engadini, bese beniselwa ama-ejenti wokuqothula okuzenzela kuze kubonakale ukukhula (imvamisa kuthatha amasonto ambalwa).

Izihlahla

Ekupheleni kobusika ungathenangisho kakhulu. Kufanele sisuse amagatsha omile, agulayo noma abuthakathaka, futhi siwasike lawo akhula kakhulu.

Izinhlupho nezifo

Kuyamelana kakhulu, kepha kusengozini yokuhlaselwa yi amacimbi okususa amandla (I-Tortrix kanye neLimantria), kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi- i-oki elomile. Akucaci ukuthi izimbangela zakamuva zingaba yini, kepha uma isihlahla besithola amanzi njalo bese sibhekana nesomiso, kungenzeka sibe nesikhathi esibi kakhulu size sibe sengozini enkulu yokufa.

Ukugwema izinkinga, kuyadingeka ukuthi unakekele kahle i-Quercus ilex, uyinike amanzi kanye 'nokudla' (umanyolo) noma kunini lapho kudingeka khona, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ungasebenzisi kakhulu ukuthena.

Isibindi

Imelana nesithwathwa kuze kufike -12ºC, kodwa akusona isitshalo onaso ezindaweni ezishisayo.

Isebenzani?

• Umhlobiso: kuyisitshalo esihlobisa kakhulu, okuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sinikeze umthunzi omuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingathenwa iye esihlahleni noma kumumo webhonsai.
• UkudlaAma-Acorn asetshenziswa njengomthombo wemfuyo emadlelweni, kepha futhi ayadliwa ngabantu.
• Madera: Isetshenziselwa ukwenza amalahle, nokwenza izingxenye ezizomelana nokungqubuzana okuphezulu njengezinqola noma amakhuba.
  Amagxolo ayaziswa ngokushuka isikhumba, ikakhulukazi eMorocco.

Ubucabangani nge I-Quercus ilex?