Impela wake wadla ushukela kamoba kuswidi noma iyogathi. Futhi kungukuthi cishe uhhafu wabo bonke ushukela emhlabeni okhishwa esitshalweni esaziwa ngokuthi umoba. Igama layo lesayensi ngu I-Saccharum officinarum futhi kuyisitshalo okuthi lapho uthi nhlá ungathi awunalutho olukhethekile. Kodwa-ke, kuyisisekelo somunye wemikhiqizo esetshenziswe kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngokweqile kungalimaza impilo, kepha kuyathandwa ngabancane nabadala.
Ngabe ufuna ukwazi zonke izici, ibhayoloji nokulima umoba? Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sikutshela konke ngokujulile 🙂
Izici eziyinhloko
Into yokuqala ongayisho ngalesi sitshalo ukuthi iyasuswa futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. Kuyingxenye yomndeni wotshani. Ngalesi sizathu, ihlobene nobunye utshani obufana nommbila, ilayisi, i-oats noma uqalo. Iqembu leziqu ezijiyile, ezilukhuni, ezinamanzi amaningi, ezingenagatsha ezinama-internode. Lezi ziqu ezinkulu zikhula zisuka kuma-rhizomes lapho kuvela khona iziqu zesibili.
Bayakwazi ukufinyelela cishe amamitha amahlanu ukuphakama. Imibala esingayithola kamoba isukela kokuluhlaza kuye kopinki noma nsomi.
Banamaqabunga amade, anemicu kanye ne-lanceolate. Imiphetho yensimbi ngayinye ifakiwe futhi ine-midrib. Bangakwazi ukukala phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-60 ubude futhi angaba ngu-5 cm ububanzi. Kwakha ama-panicles, uhlobo lwe-inflorescence, lapho kufakwa khona ama-spikelets amancane ezimbali futhi ekugcineni kwawo kungabonakala uhlobo lwe-fluff ende futhi enosilika.
Izithelo zalesi sitshalo yi-caryopsis kuphela ngamamilimitha ayi-1,5 ububanzi futhi ziqukethe imbewu eyodwa ngaphakathi.
Indawo yokwabiwa
Yize lo mhlanga uhlakazeke emhlabeni wonke, Inomsuka wayo eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Kungenzeka ukuthi yaqala ukutshalwa eziqhingini zaseNingizimu Pacific noma eNew Guinea. Yilapho lapho, kusuka ku-6000 a. C. yaqala ukunweba. Iqale ezindaweni ezifudumele nezishisayo zase-Asia ezwekazini. Kwabe sekuqhubeka ngezwekazi laseNdiya, iYurophu, i-Afrika, i-Australia, i-mpumalanga ye-United States, iMexico, kanye neNingizimu Melika.
Namuhla umoba usatshalaliswa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo emhlabeni jikelele. Lezi zitshalo zitholakale ezweni lakithi naseNingizimu Afrika. Ukulima kwenziwa emazweni angaphezu kwama-70 emhlabeni jikelele, lapho abakhiqizi bokuqala beBrazil neNdiya. Yibo abakhiqiza uhhafu kamoba emhlabeni.
Ukuzala kanye nezinhlobonhlobo
Izimbali zikamoba ziyi-hermaphroditic. Ngakho-ke, bayakwazi ukusebenza njengabantu besilisa nabesifazane ngasikhathi sinye. Ziyimpova yomoya ngaphandle kwesidingo sanoma yiziphi izinambuzane.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, ukutshalwa kwayo kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngeziqu zayo hhayi izithelo zayo. Iyakwazi ukusabalala ngaphandle kwesidingo sempova. Kungenxa yokuthi uma sisika ama-cuttings singazihlukanisa iziqu bese sizikhiqiza ukuze zizwakale. Lezi zinhlayiya zitshalwa entwasahlobo zibheka futhi zivundle emhlabathini. Esikhathini esifushane, bazokwazi ukuthuthukisa izimpande ezintsha ezizosetshenziselwa ukukhulisa esinye isitshalo. Izimpande ziqala ukuvela ezindaweni zomuthi.
Izidingo zokunakekelwa kwayo okuphelele
Umoba udinga indawo enelanga futhi ecacile. Ngokuqondene nenhlabathi, kungcono ukuthi ibe manzi, ibe nepayipi elihle futhi ivunde. Ukuthungwa kungabumba, kuqhume intaba-mlilo noma kuhlangane.
Amazinga okushisa adingekayo ukuyigcina isesimweni esihle kufanele abe phezulu. Ngezansi kuka -5 ° C isitshalo singalimala kakhulu lokho kungabeka engcupheni ukukhula kwabo nokusinda. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uyivikele emakhazeni angaba khona ezindaweni ezibandayo.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze I-Saccharum officinarum zivame ukuhlukaniswa ngamaqembu, njengeBourbon, iBatavian, iMauritius ne-Otaheite, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukusetshenziswa komoba
Umkhiqizo ofunwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke oqukethe lesi sitshalo ngoshukela otholakala emthini weziqu. Iqoqo eliqukethe ushukela limpunga futhi linombala oluhlaza okotshani. Inokunambitheka okumnandi, kepha kubabayo kancane. Ukwenza idliwe kakhulu iphathwa ngamakhemikhali futhi yehliswe ibe yisiraphu. Uma isitholakele, iyabiliswa ize ikhanye. Ushukela womoba ungacolisiswa futhi uyindlela ejwayelekile yokuwumaketha.
Kungashiwo ukuthi yi-sweetener yendawo yonke. Kutholakala kwizigidi zemikhiqizo yazo zonke izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene phakathi kokudla, kophudingi neziphuzo. Kunabantu abaningi abathanda ukudla ujusi ngqo ngokuhlafuna umhlanga.
Kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kufanele kulawulwe kakhulu, ngoba kuhlotshaniswa nokukhuluphala nesifo sikashukela. Futhi ingabe lowo shukela kamoba ubhekwa njenge-carbohydrate enikeza amandla emzimbeni. Lokho wukuthi, kuyadingeka ukuthi umzimba wenze imisebenzi, kepha ukweqisa kwawo emzimbeni kuyingozi. Konke ukudla okunoshukela omningi kuhlotshaniswa nokukhuluphala, ukubola kwamazinyo, isifo sikashukela, nokunciphisa izinga lempilo. Empeleni, kubantu abaningi, liholela ekufeni.
Yize kubonakala kungajwayelekile, lo shukela usetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha kwezakhi zawo zokubulala amagciwane, isisu, i-laxative kanye ne-cardiotonic. Isibonelo, eSouth Asia isetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo zokuphefumula kanye namanxeba avulekile.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa okunganikezwa kufana nophethiloli. Umoba ukhiqiza inqwaba ye-biomass engashiswa ukukhiqiza ugesi noma i-biofuel.
Izinsongo nokulondolozwa
Ngoba siyisitshalo esidingeka kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele ayihlolisiswa njengesongelwa. Kunalokho kuphambene. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kusakazeke kakhulu njengokutshalwa kwayo. Isikhunta, amagciwane, izinambuzane nama-nematode yizitha zakho; uma lezi zanda, zingadala izifo okunzima ukuziqeda. Ezinye zezinto eziphilayo ezingenza lezi zinhlobo zigule yilezi I-Allantospora radicicola, i-Asterostroma cervicolor, i-Graphium sacchari, i-Xanthomonas albilineans, ne-Trichoderma lignorum.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ushukela kamoba uvelaphi futhi uwuthathe ngokulinganisela.