La I-Sinapis arvensis, edume ngokuthi "insimu yesinaphi", siqukethe isitshalo somndeni Brassicaceae, okuthi yize yavela eYurophu futhi ikwazile ukuvela ngaphakathi kweNyakatho Melika. Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngaye, sikumema ukuthi ufunde lokhu okuthunyelwe, ikakhulukazi ezinikezelwe ensimini yesinaphi.
Lomuthi waminyaka yonke kuyisitshalo esinqumayo, enamandla okukhula acishe abe yi-1mt; Iziqu zawo zibonakala ngokuba ziqinile futhi zibe nezinwele ezizungeze isisekelo sazo, zibe namagatsha amakhulu futhi zishaywe ngobude, ezinokuphakama okulinganiselwa ku-100cm.
IZIMPAWU ZAKHE
Inamaqabunga amakhulu noma amazinyo asezansi, enobude obuzungeze i-30cm, engaba yi-sessile noma ibe ne-petiole emfushane. Amaqabunga asezansi avame ukugcotshwa futhi abe petiolate, aveze i-lobe yokugcina enkulu, uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amapheya ezigaba ezisemaceleni, anomugqa onamazinyo acashile; ngenkathi amaqabunga aphezulu ehlukaniswa ngokuba yi-sessile, lanceolate, enamazinyo futhi ayihlukaniswa.
I-inflorescence yayo iqukethe i- i-raceme yokugcina ngaphandle kwama-bracts futhi enwetshiwe yakhiwe izimbali ezincane eziphuzi ezinamacembe amane angama-4-9mm; Ama-pedicel awo anomumo oqondile futhi anelungelo lobunikazi, njengama-sepals awo, alinganiselwa ku-10mm, anombala oluhlaza futhi kwesinye isikhathi ahlukile komunye nomunye. Zine-stamens ezi-5 ezimfushane nezinye ezimbili zifushane kancane.
Ngokunjalo, isithelo sawo silique esineziqu, esinezinhlangothi ezine, ubude baso buzungeze u-3-5cm; amapheshana anemithambo ephawulwe kahle phakathi kuka-3-7, yize le emaphakathi ingabonakali kahle impela, ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-locule ayo ama-2 anembewu ehlelwe ngokulandelana enezingu-4-8 zazo.
Isithelo esishiwo sinengxenye yokugcina eyaziwa ngokuthi "ubuso", esikala cishe ngo-12-15mm ubude, siyisiyingi futhi sakha imbewu eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Ngokufanayo, singasho ukuthi, ngokuvamile, i- I-Sinapis arvenis Iyaqhakaza phakathi kwezinyanga zikaFebhuwari no-Okthoba.
Ukunakekela i- I-Sinapis arvensis
Okulandelayo, sizonikeza amathiphu amancane mayelana nokunakekelwa okufanele kunikezwe insimu yesinaphi:
- Ukukhanya: Yize bekhetha ukukhula ngokukhanya okugcwele kwelanga, iqiniso ukuthi banekhono eligcwele lokuxhasa ukukhula emthunzini.
- Ukushisa: Kungcono uma zikhule endaweni eshisayo.
- Umswakama: The I-Sinapis arvenis Kufanele itshalwe emhlabathini omile ngokulingene kuze kube nomswakama.
- Umswakama: Ikhetha inhlabathi izisekelo zayo ezicebile ku-pH elinganiselwa ku-5.5-8.
- I-nitrogen: Kuvamise ukukhetha inhlabathi ecebe kancane noma, uma yehluleka lokho, ihlwempu ngokulingene; Ayifanele inhlabathi eningi kakhulu kamanyolo.
Izici zensimu yesinaphi
Ezinye zezinto eziphawuleka kakhulu ze- I-Sinapis arvenis, aqukethe lawo ashiwo ngezansi:
Kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise imbewu yayo ngendlela efanayo naleyo etholakala emasimini amhlophe. Kubangela imiphumela ecasulayo esikhunjeni, ngaphezu kokukhiqiza i-vasodilation yama-capillaries asikiwe, okwenza kube lula ukwelapha izifo ezihlangene, i-neuritis ne-rheumatism.
Ine-sinapine, into enomphumela wama-antibiotic oyivumela ukuthi ilwe nama-bacterium ayi-Gram. Ngoba inobuthi uma isetshenziswa ngemithamo emikhulu, ngaso sonke isikhathi kungcono kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa ngokulinganisela. Ukuyisebenzisa ngaphandle ngokweqile kungadala amabhamuza futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, necrosis.
Amaqabunga agqama ukuthi ayadliwaBanokunambitheka okubabayo okuncane futhi bafanele kakhulu amasaladi; Amaqabunga amadala anokunambitheka okune-esidi encane futhi angasetshenziselwa ukulungisa isitshulu. Lapho izimbali zawo zingakavulwa, iziqu zingasetshenziswa njengezinto ezingathatha indawo ye-broccoli.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungenzeka ukuthi kudliwe izimbewu zayo zombili ziluhlaza futhi zixutshwe namasangweji kanye / noma amasaladi ukuyinika ukunambitheka kwespicier; ngokulinganayo, kungasetshenziswa ukuthi kusetshenziswe njengokunambitheka kwezitsha ezahlukahlukene, ngoba banokuthinta okuncane kwesinaphi esiyiqiniso, lapho bathatha khona igama labo. Imbewu yayo nayo isetshenziselwa ukuthola uwoyela.
Amasiko
Ukutshalwa kwalesi sitshalo kwenziwa hhayi kuphela ukuqoqa imbewu yaso nokuzicubungula ukuze kutholakale ukudla, kepha futhi ivame ukukhula njengesihlahla semvundla nesiluhlaza; kanye nokukhulisa noma ukugcina ukuchuma komhlaba lapho ulinywa ngaphakathi, ngoba ukhula ngokushesha.
Uma unentshisekelo yokutshala lwesinaphi ukuze ukhiqize ukudla, udinga ukukhumbula lokho Ngaphambi kokuyihlwanyela, kufanele ulungise umhlabathi kahleNgalokhu, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi uhlinzeka ngokulima okuhle kanye nokufaka umquba okwanele, okungcono usebenzisa izinto eziphilayo.
Ngokufanayo, kulula ukuthi sisho ukuthi into ephumelele kakhulu ukuthi yilokhu ikhule ezindaweni ezinokushiswa yilanga okuphezulu nomthunzi omncane; Kumele futhi ukhumbule ukuthi isitshalo esingasisekeli kahle isimo sezulu esibandayo, ngakho-ke singafa. Ngalo mqondo, kungcono ukuyihlwanyela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ngesikhathi lapho amazinga okushisa ebusuku engekho ngaphansi kuka-10 ° C) ukuze kuvunwe imbewu yayo lapho kuphela ihlobo.
Kungenzeka gcina imbewu yakho ngokushesha ngemuva kokuyiqoqa, noma uzibeke ngaphakathi kweziqukathi ezingangeni moya ngemuva kokuthi zomile ngokuphelele. Ngalo mqondo, kufanele siveze ukuthi isivuno salesi sitshalo kufanele senziwe lapho izithelo zingakafiki ngokugcwele ekuvuthweni; lapho-ke kufanele zibekwe elangeni hhayi kuphela ukuze zome, kepha futhi nokuqeda ukuvuthwa.
Kuphela kufanele uyinisele lapho kunezikhathi ezomile ezinde, ngoba ngokuvamile amanzi atholakala ezimvula abanele. Ngokunjalo, kufanele kuthiwe insimu yesinaphi ingahlwanyelwa njengesitshalo saminyaka yonke noma esenziwa kabili ngonyaka ngenhloso yokuqoqa amaqabunga ayo nembewu yayo ngokulandelana.
Izifo
Maqondana nezifo i I-Sinapis arvenis, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, izintwala kuvame ukonakalisa kokubili efihlekile nezimbali, kuthinte kabi ukukhiqizwa kwembewu yakho.
Ngokunjalo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi izimo zezulu ezicabanga ukuthi isivuno esibi zizophela yonakalisa isinaphi futhi ibangele ukubola, ngaleyo ndlela ivumela ukuthi ibe nengozi enkulu yokuhlaselwa izinambuzane nezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Ikakhulu futhi ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwekwindla, lesi sitshalo kuvame ukuba sengozini yokuhlaselwa yi-powdery isikhutha; ngakho-ke kunconywa kakhulu ukuyikhulisa endaweni evulekile nengena umoya kahle, izama ukugwema noma nini lapho kungenzeka khona, ukuthi amaqabunga agcine emanzi lapho kuniselwa isitshalo.
Ngokufanayo, kuvame kakhulu kubo ukuthi bahlaselwe ama-slgs neminenke, kanye namabhungane, okuyi kuveza izimbobo ezizungeze amaqabunga ezigcina zenze buthaka isitshalo. Ngakho-ke uma ucabanga ukuyikhulisa, ungakhohlwa ukubheka imininingwane engenhla, ngokuqinisekile izokusiza ukuthi uthole isitshalo esinamandla futhi esinempilo.