I-melon ebabayo Kuyinto enhlobonhlobo yomndeni we-cucurbit ovela ezweni lakudala. Inezinhlobo ezingama-45 e-Afrika nezinhlanu e-Asia. Igama layo lesayensi ngu I-Momordica charantia futhi yaziwa ngamanye amagama ajwayelekile njenge-cundeamor, ibhalsamu, i-catajera ne-ampalayá. Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngakho konke okuphathelene nalesi sithelo. Kusukela kuzimpawu zayo ezisemqoka kuye ekutheni ikhule kanjani.
Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngayo? Kumele uqhubeke ufunde 🙂
Izici eziyinhloko
Sikhuluma ngohlobo lwesitshalo se-monoecious ne-herbaceous esikhula njalo ngonyaka. Kukhuphuka futhi akufiki ngaphezu kwamamitha ama-5 ukuphakama. Ineziqu ezinde nezinamagatsha amaningi ezikwazi ukukhuphuka ezindaweni eziyidinga khona. Imvamisa isakazeka kakhulu ezindaweni lapho lezo ezidinga ukukhanya okuningi noma umswakama. Kuyindlela yokusinda nokukhula ngendlela esebenza kahle. Iziqu zinamathenda.
Ngokuqondene namaqabunga awo, angohlobo olulula futhi unezinhle ezincane. Zine-lobed-patted shape ezinama-lobes afinyelela ku-7 velvety. Imiphetho yamacembe ivame ukusikwa futhi ibe nombala oluhlaza okotshani. Ubukhulu bamaqabunga amadala buphakathi kuka-3 no-8 cm ubude.
Izimbali ziphuzi futhi zine-corolla enamacembe amahlanu. Eduze kwamacembe singabona i-bract enkulu. Ukwehlukanisa phakathi kwezimbali zesilisa nezesifazane sibheka izigaxa. Izimbali zesilisa zineziqu ezi-3 futhi zibonakala zodwa.. Bangakha amaqembu amancane nge-peduncle encane encane. Ama-sepals amafushane ngobude futhi ayashicilelwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimbali zesifazane zine-ovary engaphansi enezinhlamba ezintathu. Zibonakala zodwa futhi zinama-sepals aqondile. Isithelo lesi sine-speridium esinamanzi esinesimo se-ovoid nobude obusukela ku-3 kuye ku-6 cm. Ngaphansi kwalesi sithelo singathola i-petiole egolide ephuzi noma e-orange futhi ekhanyayo.
Lapho sihlwanyela ibhece elibabayo, singakwenza lokho ngembewu yalo ebomvu, engenakuphikwa elinganisa u-12 mm ubude no-6 mm ububanzi.
Izidingo zokulinywa kwayo
Lesi sitshalo sidinga izimo ezahlukahlukene zemvelo esizocacisa ngazo ngamunye ngamunye ukuzihlaziya kahle. Isimo sezulu esidingekayo ukuze sikhule yindawo eshisayo noma eshisayo lapho ikwazi ukujwayela kahle futhi itshalwe unyaka wonke.
Isidingo sokuqala leso inhlabathi ene-aeration enhle namapayipi anenhlabathi e-loamy, eyisihlabathi nobumba. Ngokufanelekile, noma ngabe ukuthungwa kwenhlabathi kumanzi, kufanele kube ne-aeration enhle kanye ne-drainage (bona Izinhlobo zenhlabathi). Inhlabathi yobumba yilezo ezingaphansi kwemikhawulo ethile ngenxa yokushoda kwe-aeration. Lokhu kwenza izimpande zingakwazi ukukhula ngokugcwele. Okungafanele kuvunyelwe ukugcwala kwamanzi, ngoba kungasibulala isitshalo ngesikhathi esifushane.
Ngokuphathelene ne-alkalinity, ingabekezelela amazinga e-pH phakathi kuka-5,5 no-7,5. Okuhle kakhulu kuphakathi kuka-6 no-7. Ziyafuneka kakhulu ngokwezimo zomsoco womhlabathi. Kungcono ukuba nenhlabathi enothe ngama-humus.
Isidingo sesibili ukushisa. Lokhu kungokwesimo sezulu. Sishilo ngaphambilini ukuthi idinga isimo sezulu esishisayo nesishisayo lapho amazinga okushisa ehamba phezulu phakathi kwama-25 no-30 degrees. Ngale ndlela sizobe sithanda ukuhluma nokukhula. Amazinga okushisa ahlala ehla ngaphansi kwama-degree angama-25 noma adlule ama-30 aqala ukuphazamisa ukukhula nokukhula, kanye nokuvimbela ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuqale ukusebenza.
Uma amazinga okushisa eshintsha njalo, izithelo ngeke zibe nezakhiwo zazo ze-organoleptic ngaphansi kwezimo. Zifuna kakhulu ngokuya ngomswakama womoya ophakeme nenhlabathi. Qaphela, umswakama osemhlabathini akusho ukuthi ugcwele noma ugcwele emanzini. Akufanele sikhohlwe i-aeration kanye ne-drainage njengento ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni isivuno.
Ukulima amakhabe omunyu
Siqala ukuchaza ngokulinywa kwaso. Into yokuqala ukuthi ihlwanyelwa kanjani. Singahlwanyela ibhece elibabayo ngezindlela ezimbili, zombili ziqonde futhi zitshale kabusha. Ukuze sikwenze ngenqubo yokuqala, sizodinga izimbewu ezimbili emgodini ngamunye. Lokhu kuzosenza ekugcineni sishiye isitshalo esikhula kahle kakhulu futhi sizokwazi ukuthola izibonelo ezinhle.
Ekuqaleni kufanele siyinisele nsuku zonke embhedeni wembewu, kanye ekuseni nakanye ntambama size sibone ukuthi iyamila. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kufanele sinciphise ukuchelela kube yisikhathi esi-1 ngesonto.
Ukusifaka kabusha, kubalulekile ukubona ukuthi isitshalo sinamaqabunga ayi-4 weqiniso. Kuyadingeka ukuzama ukuba nebanga phakathi kwesitshalo nesitshalo samamitha amabili nohhafu. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ifreyimu engamamitha amathathu phakathi komugqa no-3 phakathi kwesitshalo. Ngakho-ke singaba nobuningi bezitshalo ezingama-6000 ngehektha ngalinye. Lokhu kungukuthi uma sifuna ukukhiqiza ngezinga elikhulu.
Mayelana nokukhulelwa, eyodwa kufanele yenziwe ezinsukwini eziyi-6 ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha nangemva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 uma sizibeka ngendlela yokuhlwanyela ngqo. Umnikelo wamanyolo kufanele uhlanganiswe nohlelo lokufaka umquba ngamakhasi. Ngale ndlela singasebenza kahle. Ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu kwenzeka njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi kusukela ngeviki lokuqala lokufakelwa kabusha futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sikusebenzisa njalo emavikini ayisithupha.
Ukunakekelwa okudingekayo nokugcinwa
Manje siqhubekela phambili ekunakekelweni okudingwa ibhece elibabayo. Ukugcina isitshalo kahle futhi usiphoqe ukuthi sibe neziqu ezidingekayo kuphela ekukhiqizeni, kubalulekile ukwenza izihlahla. Kuqukethe kuphela qeda kancane kancane amahlumela avela ngezansi hhayi ngaphezulu. Uma kunesidingo, singasusa amaqabunga agulayo nezithelo ezingafuneki.
Ngokunisela singasebenzisa izindlela zedriphu namandla adonsela phansi. Kokubili kufanelekile. Uma sifuna ukusebenzisa amandla adonsela phansi, kufanele senziwe ngemuva nje kokufakelwa kabusha. Ngale ndlela sizogwema ukulahleka ngenxa yokuhwamuka.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalezi zeluleko ungakhula ibhece elibabayo.