Yini imisebenzi yezitshalo?

Zonke izidalwa eziphilayo zincike eLangeni ukuze zibe khona ngokunembile. Siseplanethi ekude impela nenkosi yenkanyezi, lapho ithola khona imisebe yelanga ngamandla afanele, avumela izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lama-14 degrees Celsius: elifanele impilo. Kusukela kwimvelaphi yethu kuze kube namuhla, kubonakala sengathi izidalwa zezitshalo zehluke kakhulu, kepha iqiniso ukuthi umugqa ohlukanisayo ohlukanisa yomibili le mibuso uya ngokuya ufiphala.

Kungani? Kulungile kuyiqiniso ukuthi abakwazi ukukhuluma noma ukuhamba, kodwa ukuze baphile kufanele benze uchungechunge lwemisebenzi yezitshalo, okuyizinto eziyisisekelo ekusindeni kwabo. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi okuyinhloko.

Ukuphefumula

Njenganoma yisiphi isilwane, izitshalo zidinga ukuphefumula, futhi zikwenza ngendlela efanayo nakithi: ukumunca umoya-mpilo nokukhipha isikhutha namanzi ngendlela yomoya. Baphefumula kuphi? Ngezingxenye ezintathu:

• Stomata noma izimbotshana: Zitholakala kuzo zonke izingxenye zazo eziluhlaza, njengamaqabunga, iziqu ezingekho lignified, ama-bracts aluhlaza (amaqabunga aguquliwe avikela imbali)
• AmaLenticel: zingama-protrusions amancane kakhulu, ayindilinga noma enwetshiwe, atholakala ngeziqu ezinokhuni. Ziyabonakala ngeso lenyama, ngoba zikala kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-5cm.
• Ifa: ngezinwele ezinkulu.

Umbuzo okungenzeka uzibuza wona manje ukuthi, ingabe baphefumula usuku lonke? Ebusuku kuphela? Impendulo ithi ...: baphefumula amahora angama-24. Futhi ngukuthi, ukube bekungenjalo, bebengeke bakwazi ukwenza i-photosynthesis.

I-Photosynthesis

Lona ngumsebenzi owenziwa izitshalo kuphela. Izilwane zingazingela inyamazane, noma zondle ngamakhambi kanye / noma izithelo, kepha izidalwa zezitshalo, kusukela ngesikhathi imbewu ihluma ize ife, zihlala ziboshelwe endaweni eyodwa. Ukuze bakhule futhi bathuthuke, badinga ukuthi bakwazi ukwenza i-photosynthesize; okungukuthi, uguqule amandla elanga abe ngukudla.

Kwenziwa kuphi? Emashidini. Lezi, njengoba sazi, ziluhlaza, ngoba ziqukethe i-chlorophyll. Ngenxa yawo, bangakwazi ukuthola ukukhanya okwanele, okuhlangene ne-carbon dioxide, okusuka kusiphuzo oluhlaza (amanzi namaminerali izimpande ezimunca futhi okuqondiswe emaqabungeni) kube ngusawoti osetshenzisiwe (ukudla kwesitshalo, okwenziwe ngama-amino acid noshukela ikakhulukazi).

Njengomphumela, izitshalo zikhiphela umoya-mpilo emkhathini ngokusebenzisa i-stomata. Kepha kuphela emini, okuyilapho bevezwa khona yilanga.

Ukudla

Izitshalo, ngaphandle kokudla, bezingakwazi ukukhula, kodwa ngaphandle kwamanzi bebengeke bakwazi ngisho nokuhluma. Phansi kukhona izakhi zomzimba eziningi, ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium (noma i-NPK), lokho kuzotholakala kuphela uma sekuncibilikile emanzini. Uma sezikwenzile, izimpande zizokwazi ukuzimunca ngaphandle kwenkinga enkulu.

Isebenziselwa ini i-NPK? Ngokulandelayo:

• I-nitrogen: kubalulekile ukuthi zikhule, zithuthukise i-chlorophyll futhi zenze i-photosynthesis.
• Iphosphorus: isebenza ukuze bakwazi ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwabo lwezimpande kanye nokukhula kwezithelo.
• Potassium: kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kuyangenelela ekuphefumuleni kwezitshalo nasekuthuthweni kokudla.

Lapho izimpande sezithola amanzi azo namaminerali ancibilika kuwo evela emhlabathini, ingxube ibizwa ngokuthi ubisi oluhlaza, ijikeleza ngendlela enyukayo idlula ezitsheni ezinamandla ize ifike emaqabungeni. Lapho, nge-photosynthesis, iguqulwa ibe yi- kuchazwe iSAP, okuholwa phansi yimikhumbi yaseLiberia kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo. Izinto ezisalayo ziyagcinwa futhi zihlala njengezinqolobane.

Khulisa lapho uya khona ilanga

Njengoba sibonile, iLanga libalulekile ezitshalweni. Bayayidinga ngakho konke. Njengoba imbewu ihluma, abakwenzayo kukhula ngokuya ekukhanyeni kwayo. Kepha bakwenza kanjani? Okungukuthi, Ungasitshela kanjani isiqu ukuthi sikhule siye phezulu nezimpande ziye phansi?

Lezi zimpendulo ezenzakalweni zelanga zaziwa njenge isithombe. Kusho umfutho kubangela ukusabela kwamahomoni esitshalweni, umphumela wawo ukukhula okuhlukile kubangelwa auxin. Lokhu kusebenza ngendlela eyingqayizivele kakhulu: lapho kunempendulo engeyinhle ye-phototropic, okuwukuthi, lapho ikhula iye kolunye uhlangothi neLanga, igxila esifundeni sesitshalo esiphambene nesehlo sokukhanya. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho impendulo ye-phototropic ilungile, ama-auxins agxila ezinombolweni ezinkulu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, amaseli kulezi zifunda anda kakhulu kunalawo lapho ukuhlushwa kungaphansi.

Ngakho-ke, izimpande zine-phototropism engemihle, kuyilapho iziqu zine-phototropism enhle.

Ubuwazi ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi esemqoka yezitshalo?