Umsuka, ukuvela kanye nokunakekelwa kwe-cacti

Uyayithanda i-cacti? Ake ngikutshele indaba yakhe imvelaphi yakhe. Izikhathi eziningi sidlula phambi kwezitshalo zethu ezithandekayo ezinameva, futhi kuyasishaya ukuthi zihluke kakhulu kwezinye izidalwa zezitshalo: azinawo amaqabunga noma amagatsha, futhi uhlelo lwazo lwempande luyancipha kakhulu uma siqhathanisa nalo, isibonelo, Imbali ephilayo efana ne-dimorfoteca.

Kulokhu okukhethekile uzothola ukuthi yini eyenza abaningi bethu bazizwe benesifiso esikhulu sokuba nabo emakhaya ethu, kanye banakekelwa kanjani ukuze bahlale bekhazimula nokuthi bangakwazi, ngaleyo ndlela, ukukunikeza izimbali zabo ezinhle.

Origen

Emndenini wakwaCactaceae sithola izinhlobo ezingama-73 zezitshalo ezikhula kancane, ezinemiqolo noma ezingenazo, ezijwayele ukuhlala ezindaweni ezikude nalapho zisuka khona. Yize singacabanga ukuthi zivela eNingizimu Afrika, njengoba kukhona ama-cacti amaningi enzelwa inzuzo aqhamuka embewini yezinhlobo ezivela lapho, iqiniso ukuthi ungamangala. Empeleni, wonke ama-cacti esiwaziyo namuhla anemvelaphi efanayo eyi-tropical America. Yebo Yebo. Kukholakala ukuthi bahlanganisa izwe elidala ngenxa yezinyoni ezifudukayo, ezazidla izithelo zalo ezihlwabusayo, futhi zagcina imbewu esiswini sayo kuze kube ... kahle, zize zizizwe zikhululekile. Ngakho-ke, izizukulwane ezizayo zazinohambo olukhululekile, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke luphephile, ngoba, ziswakanyiswa unomphela, phakathi nohambo ukusebenza akuzange kulahleke.

Isici esisodwa esinazo zonke lezi zitshalo ezinhle, kungakhathalekile ukuthi zikuphi, yiyona i-areola, okungekho lutho ngaphandle kwesakhiwo okuvela kuso ameva, amaswidi, futhi kaningi futhi nezimbali.

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo

Ukuvela kwe-cacti kwaqala, njengoba sishilo phambilini, eNingizimu Melika, eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-40 edlule, esikhathini sePaleozoic. Ngaleso sikhathi, izwekazi laseMelika lalihlangene kubo bonke abakha umhlaba wethu namuhla. Isimo sezulu sasivame ukushisa, into eyayithanda ukukhula nokukhula kwezitshalo ezinamaqabunga. Kepha, ngesikhathi esithile, yoma ngokwengeziwe. Kusukela kulezi zinguquko, bekuvela izitshalo ezinelukuluku elithile, ifana kakhulu nePereskia (Emfanekisweni, babezoba ngabesibili kusuka kwesobunxele). Lona uhlobo lwakudala olusekhona kuze kube namuhla nolugcina cishe zonke izici ze-cacti yokuqala ehlala eMhlabeni, okungukuthi, inamaqabunga, okwenza i-photosynthesis ifane nanoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo "esijwayelekile", futhi ama-areolas okuvela kuwo ameva amancane; ngaphandle kwezimbali ezinhle kakhulu, bheka:

Iqiniso lokwazi elizokumangaza nakanjani yilokho awekho ama-cacti endemic ezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Yebo, sizothola izitshalo ezinoshukela eziguquke ezindaweni ezisondele kakhulu ezingwadule, kepha ayikho neyodwa ye-cacti. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-cacti yavela eMelika ngenkathi amazwekazi ehlukaniswa ukukhukhuleka kwezwekazi, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-50 edlule.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cacti

I-cactus nomuntu kusukela kwavela lokhu, bebesondelene kakhulu. Umuntu uzisebenzisa ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

• Idla izithelo zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi lezo ze- I-Opuntia leucotricha, I-Opuntia ficus indica (eliphakathi kwe-prickly, elinye lama-cacti ambalwa asebenze eSpain, ikakhulukazi esifundeni saseMedithera) noma lawo IHylocereus undatus (eyaziwa kangcono njenge-pitahaya).
• AmaNdiya aseNyakatho Melika, ikakhulukazi lawo aseMelika, usebenzise imbewu i-del ICarnegiea gigantea (eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi yiSaguaro noma iGiant Cardón) ukuphakela izinqolobane zayo zofulawa.
• Basebenzisa imicu weCephalocereus wokugcwalisa amakhushini.
• Njengekama AmaNdiya aseCahita-Yankee asebenzisa ameva we IPachycereus pecten-aboriginum.
• Futhi ziba wusizo njengoba umanyolo wemvelo.
• Zihle njengoba izitshalo zokuhlobisa, kungaba ezingadini eziwuhlobo oluwugwadule noma zibe kunoma iyiphi indawo yekhaya.

Izitshalo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa

Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa okuningi, kwezinhlobo ezingama-73 laphaya, Abangu-15 basengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa ngokusho kweCITES (i-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), futhi cishe bonke basengozini enkulu yokunyamalala ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala noma ngoba abantu bathathe izibonelo zabantu abadala baya kwezinye izindawo, kungaba ukusebenzisa i-cacti njengezidakamizwa , noma ukuzidayisa ezimakethe bese ngaleyo ndlela uthole inani elikhulu lemali.

Ngalesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, uma ufuna ukuthola isitshalo esisengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa, qiniseka ngaphambi kokuthi kudlule kwizilawuli ze-CITES, noma yini efanayo: kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi isitshalo sivela enzalweni ye-cactus engakantshontshwa lapho ivela khona futhi, uma injalo, ibilokhu ingaphansi komthetho.

Phakathi kwalabo abasesimweni esibi kakhulu esinakho:

• Uhlobo lweCopiapoa
• UTrichocereus pachanoi
• Uhlobo lweLophophora
• I-Astrophytum asterias

Ukunakekelwa kweCacti

Sishintshe isihloko kancane ukugxila manje ku ukunakekela ukuthi lezi zitshalo ezinhle ziyazidinga: indawo yazo efanelekile, imvamisa yokunisela, uhlobo lwe-substrate, isimo sezulu ... Lapho sithatha i-cactus ekhaya lethu, kufanele sicabangele zonke lezi zinto ukwazi ukuthi zizokwazi yini ukuhlala kwisimo sezulu izimo ezikhona kuyo, ngoba uma kungenjalo besizogcina ngokumosha imali.

Ngakho-ke, ake siqale:

Ukunisela

Kuvame ukucatshangwa ukuthi lezi zitshalo zikhula ezindaweni eziwugwadule kakhulu, ezishisayo, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, zomile kakhulu. Kepha ngokwami ​​ukubona ngingakutshela lokho bayawathanda amanzi. Eqinisweni, lapho ngihlala khona uma lina ... lina impela, okusho ukuthi imigwaqo igcwala masisha ... futhi-ke nensimu. Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, ngo-2010, lina ngendlela yokuthi i-cacti enganginayo, eyayisebhodini lokhuni cishe ngo-40cm ngaphezu komhlaba, yayingaphansi kwamanzi ngokoqobo kwaze kwaba yilapho umhlaba umunca, okungenani imizuzu emihlanu. Kuze kube muva nje lapho ngiqonde khona ukuthi kungani. Isizathu esisodwa esisobala… kumane kwangidlula: imvula enkulu. Yini imonono? Ngokuyinhloko ushintsho lonyaka ohlangothini lomoya. Izimvula, eziningi kakhulu, ezilethayo, ngokusho kwendoda esikhulile enothando lwe-cacti engitshele khona, yizo ezinomsoco kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, kufanele unisele kangaki? Kuzoya ngezimo ezikhulayo, kepha ngihlala ngincoma njalo vumela i-substrate yomile phakathi kokunisela. Nge-cacti encane, kuzodingeka ukuthi ilawulwe kakhulu, futhi sinisele kaningi, kepha kungcono ukuhlala isikhathi esifushane kunokuya kude kakhulu. Kanye ngonyaka zigcwala ngokuphelele ngeke zibalimaze, kepha uma sigcina i-substrate enomswakama usuku nosuku singagcina sesilahlekile.

Isimo sezulu

Isimo sezulu esihle kakhulu se-cacti yiso esisondele ngangokunokwenzeka kulokho esinakho endaweni yaso. Ngeshwa, ezifundeni eziningi singaba nesimo sezulu esingenamakhaza ... kodwa somele kakhulu, into ezosiphoqa ukuthi sibanisele.

Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi kunezigaba ezixhasa amakhaza akhanyayo nawesikhathi esifushane (kuze kufike ku -3º Celsius), njenge-Echinocactus, i-Ferocactus noma i-Trichocereus, nokuthi konke kumele kutholakale elangeni eligcwele. Uma uhlala endaweni epholile, ungabagcina endlini inqobo nje uma banokukhanya okuningi kwemvelo.

Uhlobo lwangaphansi

Sonke siwele esilingweni sokuthenga i-substrate elungiselelwe i-cacti, akunjalo? Yize zingaba usizo kwizimo ezithile zezulu - ngokuvamile ezinomswakama -, kule eyomile, le nhlanganisela yenhlabathi inokuthambekela kokuhlanganisa okuningi, i-cacti engeke ibavumele ukuthi babe nokukhula okuhle. Yikuphi okufanele kusetshenziswe?

Empeleni ungaxuba i-peat emnyama ne-perlite ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo, kepha ukusuka lapha ngithanda ukukwazisa ukuthi kule ngxube uphinde ufake i-15% yesihlabathi somfula ne-5% ye-earthworm humus. Ngale ndlela, uzoba: 40% we-peat emnyama, 40% perlite, 15% sand sand kanye 5% earthworm humus.

Dlula

Umanyolo ubaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izitshalonjengoba kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwabo »(uma ngingakhuluma), kanye namanzi. Izidalwa zezitshalo zidinga ukondla nsuku zonke, ngoba izakhi ezitholakala ezimpandeni ezivela ku-substrate (futhi, ngenxa yalokho, nazo ezivela kumquba) zingenza imisebenzi yazo ebalulekile, njengokuphefumula. Ama-protagonists ethu nawo ahlukile, ngakho-ke kuzofanele sibavundise ngezikhathi ezithile kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula, oqala entwasahlobo uphele ekwindla.

Ngokubanzi nje, singahlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili zikamanyolo: lezo ezivela kumakhemikhali nezinhlobo zemvelo. Noma ngubani uzogcina i-cactus iphilile, ngakho-ke kufanele unqume kuphela ukuthi ufuna ukusheshisa ukukhula kancane, lapho-ke umanyolo wamakhemikhali osesimweni eseluketshezi ululeka kangcono; Noma okuphambene nalokho, uma ungajahi noma ukhetha ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ephilayo, ungasebenzisa i-guano noma umquba wamahhashi ngokwesibonelo, noma umquba.

Izinhlupho nezifo

ICacti, njengazo zonke izitshalo, nayo ingathinteka ngezinambuzane nezifo. Ama-aphid, ama-mealybugs, noma isicabucabu esibomvu yizitha ezintathu ezivame kakhulu ze-cacti yethu ethandekayo; kodwa futhi amakhowe e-Phytophtora angenza into yawo uma ehlushwa ukugcwala ngokweqile.

Ukwazi lokhu, nokuthi ukuvimbela kungcono kanjani kunokwelapha, sizokwelashwa kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-15 nge-Neem Oil, futhi sizogcina i-cactus iphuziswa kahle futhi ivundiswa. Uma kwenzeka isifo, sizomnika igalikhi bese sicola isitshalo; kepha uma sekuthuthuke kakhulu, Ngincoma ukuthi usebenzise isibulala-zinambuzane esisebenza ngaso iChlorpyrifos.

Futhi kuze kube manje i-cactus yethu ekhethekile. Uyithandile? 🙂