Lapho sikhuluma nge imvelo Sibhekise endaweni enqunyelwe lapho iqoqo lezinto ezihlangana khona ezishintshanisa udaba namandla. Izinto eziyingxenye ye-ecosystem zingaphila noma zingaphili. Yonke iplanethi ixhunyiwe futhi ihlobene ngandlela thile futhi ukuze kuqondwe konke lokhu kuhlangana nobunzima, isidalwa esingumuntu sihlukanisa imvelo ibe ngamayunithi alawulekayo. Ku-ecosystem, bonke ubudlelwano obukhona phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo nemvelo bungafundwa.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela ukuthi yini i-ecosystem, ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zayo nezinhlobo eziyinhloko.
Yini i-ecosystem
Uma sithi uhlobo ngalunye luhlala ku-ecosystem kungenxa yokuthi lusendaweni lapho kunokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo nezingaphili. Ngalezi zingxoxo udaba namandla kungashintshaniswa futhi kukhona ibhalansi egcina impilo njengoba sazi. Isiqalo u-eco- sengezwe njengoba sibhekisa ezindaweni ezingokwemvelo ngokuphelele.
Singasho ukuthi ezingeni lezemvelo, eminye imiqondo idaliwe, njenge-biome ebhekisa endaweni ebanzi yezwe ebandakanya imvelo eminingana ebekelwe izindawo ezivinjelwe kakhulu. Kwezemvelo, ukuhlobana okukhona phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo nemvelo kuyafundwa. Singasho ukuthi ubukhulu be-ecosystem buyahlukahluka kakhulu ngoba singakhuluma ngehlathi njenge-ecosystem kanye nedamu lekhowe elifanayo, nalo futhi uhlelo lwemvelo oluvamile. Ngakho-ke, Ngumuntu kuphela ochaza umkhawulo wezindawo okufanele zifundwe.
Ngokuvamile izindawo ziyahlukaniswa ngokuya ngezimpawu zazo ngoba zehlukile kwezinye. Uma sibuyela esibonelweni kusuka ngaphambili, ichibi lasehlathini linezimo ezihlukile zemvelo kunengxenye yomhlaba yehlathi engaba nayo. Lesi yisizathu esenza ukuthi ibambe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimila nezilwane futhi ibe nezinye izinhlobo zezimo.
Ngalo mqondo, siyabona ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemvelo ezihlukaniswa ngokwemigomo ehlukile. Singakhuluma ngemvelo yemvelo kanye nemvelo yokufakelwa. Kokugcina kukhona ukungenelela komuntu.
Izingxenye ze-ecosystem
Sizobona ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezahlukahlukene i-ecosystem enazo futhi ezihlangana nezakhi ze-abiotic ne-biotic. Zonke lezi zinto zisewebhu eyinkimbinkimbi yokushintshana okuqhubekayo kwezinto namandla. Ake sihlaziye ngokuningiliziwe:
- Izingxenye ze-Abiotic: uma sikhuluma ngalezi zingxenye sibhekisa kuzo zonke lezo zinto ezakhayo nezintula impilo. Singasho ukuthi yizinto ezingezona ezebhayoloji noma ze-inert ezifana namanzi, umhlaba, umoya namatshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izinto zemvelo ezifana nemisebe yelanga, isimo sezulu sendawo kanye nezinto ezenziwe ngobuciko nodoti nazo ezibhekwa njengezakhi ze-abiotic.
- Izingxenye ze-Biotic: lezi yizo ezibandakanya zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ezikhona ku-ecosystem. Kungaba ngama-bacteria, i-archaea, isikhunta noma yisiphi isitshalo noma isilwane, kufaka phakathi abantu. Kungafingqwa ngokusho ukuthi yizinto ezinokuphila.
Izinhlobo nezimpawu
Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemvelo ngemivimbo ebanzi ekhona emhlabeni. Zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amakhulu ama-4 futhi zimi kanje:
- Izimiso zemvelo zomhlaba: yilezo lapho ukuxhumana phakathi kwezakhi ze-biotic ne-abiotic kwenziwa noma ngaphakathi komhlaba. Siyazi ukuthi ngaphakathi komhlaba inhlabathi iyisimiso semvelo esivamile ngoba iyakwazi ukweseka nokuthuthukisa ukuhlukahluka okukhulu. Imvelo yasemhlabeni ichazwa ngohlobo lwezitshalo ezisungulayo futhi zona, zona, zisungulwa ngokuya ngezimo zemvelo kanye nohlobo lwesimo sezulu. Izimila zinesibopho sokusebenzisana nenhlobonhlobo yezinto eziphilayo.
- Imvelo yasemanzini: yilezo ezibonakala ikakhulu ngoba izingxenye ze-biotic ne-abiotic zihlangana emanzini oketshezi. Singasho ukuthi kulo mqondo kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu okuyizinhlelo zezinto zasolwandle, okuphakathi kwazo kungamanzi anosawoti kanye nemvelo emnandi. Lezi zokugcina zivame ukuhlukaniswa, zona, zibe ilentic ne-lotic. Ama-lentic yilabo abanamanzi ahamba kancane noma amile. Imvamisa kungamachibi namachibi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-lotics yiwo anamanzi asheshayo anjengemifudlana nemifula.
- Imvelo exubile: yilezo ezihlanganisa okungenani izindawo ezimbili, umhlaba kanye namanzi. Yize imvelo yasemuva esemoyeni kulezi zinhlelo zemvelo nayo ibandakanyekile ezimweni eziningi, izidalwa eziphilayo kumele zivumelane nokwakha ubudlelwano phakathi komunye nomunye nemvelo. Kungenziwa okwesikhashana noma ngezikhathi ezithile, njenge-savanna enezikhukhula noma ihlathi laseVárzea. Lapha sibona ukuthi izici eziyingqayizivele ye-biotic yizinyoni zasolwandle ngoba empeleni zasemhlabeni, kepha futhi zincike olwandle ngokudla.
- Izinhlelo zemvelo ze-anthropic: kubonakala ngokushintshaniswa kwezinto namandla okushiya futhi kungene ku-ecosystem kuncike kakhulu kumuntu. Yize kunezici ezithile ze-abiotic ezithintekayo ngokwemvelo, njengemisebe yelanga, umoya, amanzi nomhlaba, zisetshenziswa kakhulu ngabantu.
Izibonelo ezithile
Sizoklelisa ezinye zezibonelo zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemvelo.
- Ihlathi eliguqubele: luhlobo lwe-ecosystem olunenhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yezingxenye lapho sithola ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezinto eziphilayo ezakha ama-web web wokudla okuyinkimbinkimbi. Izihlahla zenza umkhiqizo oyinhloko futhi zonke izinto eziphilayo ziphinde zenziwe kabusha uma zifa ngokubola enhlabathini ehlathini.
- Izixhobo zamakhorali: Kulesi simiso semvelo into esemqoka yengxenye ye-biotic ama-coral polyps. Leli reef eliphilayo lisebenza njengesisekelo sebandla lezinye izidalwa eziningi zasemanzini.
- IVárzea jungle: luhlobo lwehlathi olwakhiwa ithafa lamanxusa eligcwala ngezikhathi ezithile. Ikhula ngaphakathi kwe-biome eyaziwa ngokuthi i-tropical value. Yakhiwa yimvelo exubile lapho uhhafu wonyaka i-ecosystem ingaphezulu komhlaba kanti enye ingxenye ikakhulu ingamanzi.
Olahlekile lolu lwazi angafunda kabanzi ngokuthi iyini imvelo nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zayo ezihlukile.