Lesi yisitshalo se-herbaceous esivela emndenini omningi i-Agavaceae, iza ngemibala nosayizi ohlukahlukene futhi ikhula elangeni eligcwele.
Ivela eMexico, lokhu kuyisisekelo sokunotha nokwehlukahluka kwezinhlobo, kuphela kule nsimu lapho kungabalwa khona Izinhlobo ezingama-32 zama-specimens cishe (nsuku zonke ziyanda), yize kunokungabaza ngenani lamagama asemthethweni, omqondofana nezinhlobo ezingabazekayo ngenxa yezici ezithile zezakhi nezimbali zawo.
Izici
IMexico isungula ukuvikelwa okukhethekile kwezinye izinhlobo zeManfreda. Itholakala futhi eMelika Ephakathi, empumalanga naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States, isakazekela eNicaragua, eHonduras nase-El Salvador. Futhi isungulwe ogwini lwaseMedithera.
Zitholakala eqenjini elibizwa ngokuthi ama-amoles, lechuguillas, pescaditos, izotes kanye nama-magueyes, okusetshenziswa kakhulu lapho kwenziwa imicu notshwala (tequila, mezcal, pulque), kanye nasekuhlobiseni. Ukulondolozwa kwayo kubalulekile, ngoba ukusetshenziswa ngokungakhethi kulimaza imvelo futhi kunciphise izinhlobo.
Ukwehlukahluka ngakunye kunezimpawu ezithile, ubuhle, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukuphatha okulula nokunakekelwa okuncane. Uhlobo lwayo luchazwe ngusosayensi wezitshalo uRichard Salisbury kanti ochwepheshe abambalwa bayihlanganisa kanye nezinye izinhlobo zePolianthes (ezinesifo sofuba).
Impande eneshubhu imise okwokuphotha futhi ime mpo inama-rosettes ansomi noma amabala emaqabungeni aminyene angena esiqwini esifushane kakhulu, kanti izimbali zawo zinephunga elimnandi futhi ziyizigaxa, zivezwa emgqeni onjenge-spike wemibala ephuzi, eluhlaza noma emhlophe futhi etholakala ekugcineni kwesiqu eside.
Inama-stamens anemibala ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ensundu futhi imvamisa i-inflorescence yodwa. Ochwepheshe bakhombisa lokho Ama-taxa angama-20 aqhakaza ngenkathi yemvula futhi ngesikhathi sonyaka owomile kuphela amahlumela akhula kahle.
Habitat
Indawo yokuhlala yeManfreda itholakala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo ezinamanzi ashisayo, i-xerophilous scrub kanye nemiphetho yamahlathi eQuercus - Pinus nePinus, emhlabathini onamadwala, omncane kanye nemithambeka emide ephakama ukusuka olwandle kuya kumamitha angama-2700 XNUMX. Akudingi noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuthena, umquba noma ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa ukwelapha noma ukuhlobisa, ngisho nama-bulbs aso kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kweSpanishi asetshenziswa njengensipho ngenxa yokuxinana okuphezulu kwama- "sapogenins", ukukhuluma ngamakhemikhali ama-metabolites atholakala ikakhulu embusweni wezitshalo, yenza njenge-antiviral yemvelo, i-anticancer, i-antifungal, anti-inflammatory, i-antithrombotic imikhiqizo, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Kungakho imboni yezemithi iya ngokuya inentshisekelo ekulimeni nasekuvikelweni kwayo. Inani elengeziwe ngamafutha alo abalulekile, asetshenziselwa ukwenza amakha.
Imininingwane engokomlando ikhombisa ukuthi ubukhona bomndeni wakwa-Agavaceae kanye neCactaceae nangesikhathi sokukhula kwamasiko aseMesoamerican ezindaweni ezomile lapho babehlala khona, zombili izinhlobo bezicacile ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwazo okuningi ekulungiseleleni ukudla neziphuzo, imithi, ukwakhiwa, ukuklama izingubo, uphethiloli kanye namasiko.
Ngekhulu le-XNUMX lezi zinhlobo ezichazwe njengezitshalo ezinomsoco zensimu zangeniswa eYurophu, okungukuthi, lezo izimpande, iziqu noma amaqabunga avumela ukugcinwa okukhulu kwamanzi ngaphakathi isikhathi eside, ukwenza lula ukusinda ezindaweni ezomile nezomile, ngokungafani nabanye abasesigabeni sayo.
Izitshalo ziyizidalwa eziphilayo ezizimele, okungukuthi zikhiqizele ukudla kwazo noma izakhamzimba ngokusebenzisa i-photosynthesis.
Amasiko
Ngokulandelayo, ziyadingeka empilweni yezilwane nabantu, zidinga ukuxhumana nemvelo futhi zinikeze umoya esiwuphefumulayo. Ukuhlwanyela nokunakekela kubalulekileYimaphaphu ezitshalo athuthukisa ubukhona bezidalwa ezihlala emhlabeni.
Ngokunjalo, ukugwema ukugawula nokushisa kufanele kube yinjongo yomuntu okuthi, ngaphansi kwesizathu sokwenza izidingo eziyisisekelo, asuse insiza yemvelo ebaluleke kakhulu. Yize ivuselelwa, imvelo ithatha isikhathi eside ukuyithola.
Ukwazi ama-oda ahlukile akhona esizweni noma endaweni, kunikeza ithuba lokukhomba ukusetshenziswa kwawo, okusetshenziswayo kanye nezakhiwo. Lo msebenzi ubhekene nezazi zezitshalo, okuthi ngolwazi lwabo kwezentela ekuphathweni kwabo bachaze ukwakheka kokuma komzimba, imvelaphi, indawo yokuhlala nokusatshalaliswa kwezindawo ukubaphakamisa njengokutholwa okusha.
Phambilini, kufanele unikezwe igama elilandela umthetho we-International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.