Imvamisa kuyinto ejwayelekile kufayela le- ukutshalwa kwetamatisi ukuthinteka izifo eziningi, izinambuzane kanye namagciwane; phakathi kwalokhu kunesikhunta se-ascomycete esaziwa ngokuthi "i-alternaria", Okuqukethe ukubola okuthinta ukubonakala kwesitshalo.
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizobe sikhuluma ngani yini utamatisi alternaria, izimpawu ezikhiqizayo nokwelashwa kwayo, ngaphezu kwezinye izici mayelana nalesi fungus.
Kusho ukuthini utamatisi alternaria?
I-Alternaria yisikhunta esihlasela izinhlobo ezahlukene, a ukhunta polyphagous, ene- amandla okusinda izinyanga eziyi-12 Ezinsaleleni zalezo zitshalo zikatamatisi ezigulayo, iphinda icindezele i-inoculum yezitshalo.
Le fungus ngokuvamile hlasela utamatisi ngokuqhekeka kokukhula, ukulimala okudalwe ukushaywa yilanga, ukulunywa yizinambuzane nokushaywa okuhlukile. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ikwenza lokho ngqo ngokusebenzisa i-epidermis engaguquki ye- amaqabunga, iziqu nezithelo, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukwenza ngokushesha, ngoba uma i-alternaria ifakiwe ezingadini zezithelo iqala ukubuna yonke into.
Ziyini izimpawu zetamatisi alternaria?
Ngokuvamile, ukuguquguquka kuvela emaqabungeni aphansi futhi kuqhubeke sisabalalela kuso sonke isitshalo, kuze kuthinte ngokuphelele amaqabunga ayo, isiqu, ngisho nezithelo zayo.
Kokubili esiqwini nasepetiole, kwenziwa amanxeba amnyama enezinhlaka ezilinganisiwe namasongo wokugxila. Kutamatisi kunezindawo eziningana ezinsundu okuthi kwezinye izimo, zibe ne-halo ephuzi, engadala ukuthi iphinifa lome.
Lezo zinhlobonhlobo okungukuthi ukuvuthwa sekwephuzile, zivame ukumelana kakhulu nalesi sikhunta. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngesikhathi se- ukuhlasela kwe-alternariaKuze kuvele izimpawu, kungathatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-8-10, inqobo nje uma usesimweni esifanelekile.
Yiziphi izimo ezifanele zokuthi i-alternaria yenzeke?
Labo izimo ezizuzisa ukusakazeka kwe-alternaria, imvamisa kungukusabalala kokhunta ngumoya, izinambuzane, amanzi, imishini yezolimo, njll. Noma kunjalo, izinhlamvu ziyahluma futhi zingcolisa amaqabunga Lapho zinomswakama, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isikhunta ngokuvamile sisebenza kakhulu lapho sibhekene namazinga okushisa ashisayo noma alinganiselayo, futhi ukuba sendaweni enomswakama; yilesi sizathu esenza ingozi inyuke kakhulu ngezikhathi zezimvula.
Ngokufanayo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kuvame ukuba kubi kakhulu lapho izitshalo zicindezelekile ngenxa ye- ukuthela ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen noma ukuhlaselwa ama-nematode.
Ungalwa kanjani notamatisi alternaria?
Ngesikhathi i-alternaria ikwazi ukuhlasela isivuno, akulula ukuyilawula; ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka hlola isivuno okungenani kabili ngesonto ekufuneni izitshalo ezethula izimpawu ezibangelwa yilesi sifo, ngaphambi kokuqala ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-fungicide.
Ukusetshenziswa kokwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe kanjani?
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukwelapha utamatisi alternaria, iqukethe ukusetshenziswa kwamalitha ayi-15 we-fungicide eshiwo ngaphambili (i-Daconil 50 SC) ngokusebenzisa isikhwama sulphating esivumela ukufafaza umkhiqizo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, i- ukufakwa kukamanyolo ka-Alexin, ukuze uvikele futhi uvundise umhlabathi lapho lesi sitshalo sikhona futhi wenze njalo, kuwo wonke amalitha ayi-10-15 wamanzi kufanele uxube imvilophu kamanyolo, bese uthele phansi usebenzisa ikani lokuchelela.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-3-4, kuyadingeka faka isicelo kabusha kwiDaconil 50 SC kulezo zitshalo ezitheleleke nge-alternaria. Uma ngemuva kwesonto isitshalo sisagula, isicelo sesithathu nesokugcina kumele senziwe womkhiqizo.
Iziphi izitshalo ezithinteka yi-alternaria?
Ngaphandle kwetamatisi, i-alternaria nayo ithinta i- isitshalo seqanda, amazambane kanye nanoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo se-nightshade.