Uma unensimu yasekhaya enezitshalo ezithile, umbuzo wokuthi kungcono kangakanani ukuvundisa njalo kuphakama. Umanyolo uyinhlanganisela esiza ukukhula kwezitshalo ukuthuthukisa ukukhula kanye nekhwalithi yazo. Omunye umanyolo osetshenziswa kakhulu umanyolo owuketshezi. Nokho, abantu abaningi abazi indlela yokufaka umanyolo owuketshezi ezitshalweni, ngenani elidingekayo ukuzenza nokuthi iyiphi engcono kakhulu kukho.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani umanyolo owuketshezi ezitshalweni nakho konke okudingeka ukwazi ukuze ukwenze ngendlela efanele.
Imuphi umanyolo owuketshezi ongawukhetha
Ngokusho kwe-National Association of Fertilizer Manufacturers (ANFFE), umanyolo owuketshezi kufanele ukhethwe ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezibonakalayo namakhemikhali omhlaba kanye nezidingo zawo zokudla okunomsoco. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kufanele iqukathe imisoco engcono kakhulu: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) kanye nePotassium (K), kanye neMagnesium, Calcium, Zinc, Copper noma Sulfur. Wonke ama-fertilizer kufanele aqinisekise isilinganiso esilungile se-NPK.
Uma ufuna umanyolo wezinjongo zonke wezitshalo zakho zokuhlobisa, zasendlini noma zethala, zama umanyolo owuketshezi oyinjongo yonke. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesitshalo, kukhona nemikhiqizo eqondile, efana nomanyolo owuketshezi wezihlahla zama-rose noma ama-geraniums.
kanjani ukusakaza Umanyolo uketshezi ezitshalweni
Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokukhulelwa: ukufaka impande, ukufaka amahlamvu kanye nokuvundisa. Ukufakwa kwezimpande kuhlanganisa ukufaka umanyolo owuketshezi phansi kwesitshalo. Kuye ngomkhiqizo, ingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile noma ihlanjululwe ngamanzi. Kule ndlela kufanele uqaphele ngenani elisetshenzisiwe ukuze ungalimazi izimpande.
Ukondla ngama-foliar kubhekisela ekuvundiseni amaqabunga esitshalo. Akuyona nje ifomula eyingqayizivele, kodwa futhi iyanconywa njengokuhambisana nangaphambili ukuze kusheshiswe ukumuncwa kwezakhi.
Ekugcineni, ukuvundisa kubhekisela ekufakweni kukamanyolo emanzini okunisela. Le ndlela ihlukile ngoba yenza amanzi abe ngcono ngokuwasebenzisa ukuze anikeze imisoco edingwa yizitshalo.
Ungakanani umanyolo ozosetshenziswa
Ngakho-ke siza embuzweni wesigidi samadola: Ungakanani umanyolo olungile? Ukuze kuphendulwe lo mbuzo, kufanele kucatshangelwe izici ezintathu: uhlobo lomhlabathi, uhlobo lwesitshalo kanye nesigaba saso sokuphila. Ezitshalweni zasengadini, ukusetshenziswa komanyolo kufanele kube phansi kakhulu. Uma kungenjalo, uzifaka engozini yokubacindezela. Eqinisweni, kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa imithamo ephansi kaningi.
Kulungile uma ungawazi umthamo olungile, njengoba umanyolo omningi uhlanganisa imiyalelo enembe kakhulu yokukuqondisa. Ikepisi layo lokudosa likuvumela ukubala ngokunemba okukhulu inani olidingayo ngaphambi kokulihlambulula ngamanzi.
Izinhlobo zikamanyolo
umanyolo ongenalutho
Singaqiniseka ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomanyolo: ama-fertilizer alula kanye nama-multinutrient fertilizer. Ezilula yilezo eziqukethe isakhi esiyinhloko (nitrogen, phosphorus noma potassium). Lezi zinhlobo zikamanyolo zivame ukusetshenziswa ensimini yezolimo noma ngezinga elikhulu, njengoba umuntu kufanele azi kahle isitshalo kanye nohlobo lwesitshalo ukuze athole ibhalansi ephelele yemisoco esetshenziswayo. Kumanyolo olula sithola:
- I-nitrogenated: Njengoba igama labo libonisa, yibona abaphethe ukuhlinzeka nge-nitrogen ezitshalweni. Lesi sakhi sinomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo, sizenze zibe luhlaza futhi zibe ziningi. Ezinye zazo ziyi-urea, ammonia, ne-ammonium nitrate, phakathi kwabanye. I-Urea ingumanyolo onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen (46%) futhi ishibhile kakhulu. I-Ammonium sulfate inikeza i-nitrogen engamaphesenti angu-21, kuyilapho i-calcium ammonium nitrate ine-nitrogen engaphezudlwana kuka-27%.
- I-Phosphorated: Banesibopho sokuhlinzeka nge-phosphorus ezitshalweni. Le micronutrient ibandakanyeka ekuqhakazeni izimbali, ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimpande. Umanyolo wePhosphate ungaba yi-superphosphate elula (16% kuya ku-20% phosphorus) kanye ne-superphosphate kathathu (46%).
- i-potassium: Lesi sakhi sinesibopho sokuvikela isitshalo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, kanye nokwandisa ukuzala kwe-substrate futhi sinesibopho sokuthuthwa kwezakhi esitshalweni. Isibonelo salezi zivundisi yi-potassium chloride, equkethe i-60% ye-potassium.
umanyolo ohlanganisiwe
Zingama-fertilizer ahlanganisa izakhamzimba eziningana ezibalulekile. Abuye aziwe ngokuthi ama-NPK noma ama-fertilizer e-NP, kuye ngohlobo lwezakhamzimba eziqukethe. Lolu uhlobo lomanyolo esivame ukuwuthenga ukuze zokwelapha izitshalo zasekhaya ngoba zinikeza ibhalansi yemisoco ezitshalweni futhi kulula kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa. Ukufunda indlela yokukhetha lo manyolo kubalulekile ngoba kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole umanyolo ofanele wesitshalo ngasinye.
Ukuze ukhethe umanyolo, kufanele ufunde ilebula. Uzothola izinombolo ezi-3 ngefomethi xxx. Lezi zibalo zizomela amaphesenti e-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium ngokulandelana. Okungukuthi, Esakeni lika-10 kg likamanyolo we-20-15-30 uzoba no-2 kg we-nitrogen, 1,5 kg we-phosphorus kanye no-3 kg we-potassium.. Ezinye izithako zizohambisana nezakhi ezingenasici ezisebenza njengabathwali bakamanyolo.
Abakhiqizi bavame ukufaka iziqondiso zelebula okufanele zisetshenziswe umanyolo kanye nezitshalo ezithatha leso silinganiso kahle; kodwa-ke, ungabheka isilinganiso esifanele sikamanyolo salolo hlobo lwezitshalo kumhlahlandlela wethu wezitshalo. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, Ungabheka umanyolo oqukethe i-phosphorus ephindwe kabili njenge-nitrogen ne-potassium, njenge-15-30-15 noma i-12-24-12.
Ukwazi lokhu kungakusiza wonge imali ngoba ungakhetha inketho efanelekile noma ungenalo uhlobo. Ngisho ukuthi, ngezinye izikhathi abakhiqizi bakhokhisa kakhulu imikhiqizo enamalebula amahle, kodwa lokho kufana ncamashi nemikhiqizo ebukeka kalula. Uma ungakwazi ukuthola isilinganiso esifanele sohlobo lwesitshalo sakho, nali iqhinga: funda ilebula yesichumisi sakho esikhethekile bese ubhala phansi izinombolo ozozisebenzisa ukuze uthole umanyolo wakho ojwayelekile. Isibonelo, umanyolo othile we-orchid unesilinganiso se-NPK sika-30-10-10, ngakho-ke ungabheka noma yimuphi umanyolo onalezi zilinganiso zama-orchid akho, ngisho noma ungakucacisi kulebula.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokusebenzisa umanyolo owuketshezi ezitshalweni nezici zayo.