Ngokujwayelekile, uma kufika isikhathi sokutshala, ukunaka kakhulu izitshalo futhi akunakwa ngokwanele uhlobo lomhlabathi ozosetshenziswa. Leli iphutha lokuqala elenziwa abasaqalayo abaningi lapho belungiselela inhlabathi izivande zabo. Kufanele wazi indlela yokulungisa inhlabathi engadini, njengoba lokhu kuzothinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukulima, kuyadingeka ukwazi nokuphatha umhlabathi ukuze ube nezimo ezifanele.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani indawo yengadi, yiziphi izici okufanele zicatshangelwe kanye nezinhlobo zenhlabathi ezihamba phambili.
Ilungiswa kanjani inhlabathi yengadi
Akuwona wonke amazwe afanayo, futhi akuzona zonke izindawo. Singathola izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- I-Sandy ground: ibonakala ngokungagcini kahle kwamanzi kodwa umoya-mpilo ophezulu wezimpande ngenxa yokudonsa kahle kwamanzi.
- Clayey: Ibonakala ngokugcinwa kwamanzi aphezulu, kodwa ubuthakathaka bayo buwukukhipha amanzi, okubangela ukungahambi kahle kwe-oxygen yezimpande, ngokungafani nenhlabathi enesihlabathi.
Ibhalansi ephelele yokuthola inhlabathi engcono kakhulu yokukhulisa ingadi yakho, uzoyithola ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zenhlabathi, i-clayey encane kodwa ekwazi ukufaka umoya-mpilo izimpande nokugcina umswakama. Ngokusobala, akuwona wonke amazwe ngokwemvelo analokhu kwakheka okuhle, ngakho-ke ukufeza le nhlanganisela, izici ezahlukahlukene zingafakwa ukusiza ukuzuza indawo yokulima engcono kakhulu:
- I-Arlita: Amabhola obumba anwetshwe ngokushisa anikeza ukugeleza okuhle kanye ne-oxygenation.
- UPerlita: Kuyinto elula kakhulu egcina umoya nemisoco, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekise ukuthi umoya-mpilo uyahamba kahle kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi.
- i-vermiculite: I-mica enwetshiwe esebenza kahle kakhulu ekuthumeleni inhlabathi enesihlabathi ngombhalo futhi ivimbele ukugeleza kwamanzi ngokushesha ngenkathi imunca amanzi nezakhamzimba.
- Umquba: Ungumanyolo osetshenziswa kakhulu, obola izinto eziphilayo.
- Umanyolo: Kubalulekile ukuthi umanyolo ubole kahle.
- I-Earthworm humus: Ilungele izitshalo njengoba zinikeza umoya-mpilo ezimpandeni kanye nokuthungwa kwenhlabathi.
- I-coconut fiber: I-substrate ekhanyayo enomswakama ophezulu nokugcinwa kwezakhi, iphinde inikeze umoya omuhle. Kunconywa ukuxuba i-coconut fiber ne-worm humus.
Amathiphu Okulima
Kufanele uvimbele ukhula ukuthi lungaveli, futhi kulokhu kubalulekile ukuhlanza insimu ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuqala ukutshala. Lapho umhlaba uhlanzekile, ingozi yezenzakalo zesikhathi esizayo iyancipha. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elinjengegeja ukulungisa umhlabathi, noma ukuwunisela, futhi uma umhlabathi usumanzi ngakusasa, uwudonse futhi uwuklebhule ngesandla. Inzuzo yale ndlela ukuthi isusa izimpande.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zamathuluzi alo msebenzi: amafosholo noma izimfoloko, amafosholo e-excavator, njll. Kodwa njalo ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi umhlaba unokubukeka okupholile, okungukuthi, ukuthi awomile. Ukuze uthole izinga lokushisa, inhlabathi kufanele iniselwe kakhulu izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezine, kuye ngokushisa kanye nomswakama ophakathi nendawo, futhi inhlabathi ingafakwa umoya futhi ixegiswe.
Kunendlela yokwenza umhlabathi ngefosholo, ehlonipha kakhulu imvelo ngoba igcina ukwakheka komhlabathi. Inhlabathi ejulile engama-20-25 cm kulula ukuyisusa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lo msebenzi ulungiselele ngokugcwele indawo yokutshala ingadi yethu, njengoba ukuphumelela kwesivuno sethu kuncike kakhulu kukho.
Kubandakanya ukulinganiswa kwezindawo zokulima, okunye okubaluleke kakhulu okuwukuqedwa kwezindawo zomhlaba ohlangene eziwumphumela wokulima kanye nomhlaba onemvula ngaphandle kwezinga lokushisa elanele. Lamagaqa asaqinile kakhulu uma omile. Ukuze uyithukulule futhi uthole inhlabathi engcono kakhulu yensimu yezithelo, kufanele icwiliswe kahle futhi ihlale imanzi kuze kube ngakusasa, lapho zingathukululwa kalula ngemuva kweraki. Uma kufanele ushaye, kungcono ukushaya ngemuva kwegeja. Indawo ekhulayo kufanele ibe isicaba ibe nomhlabathi oshelelayo, ocolekile.
Ilungiswa kanjani inhlabathi ingadi yemvelo
Uma ufuna ukulungisela insimu yakho ingadi yemvelo, iseluleko sethu wukulandela eduze izincomo ezingenhla futhi ube nohlelo oluzokunikeza imiphumela engcono kakhulu. Kwakho, Sincoma ezinye izindlela ezi-3 ukuze uzame wena bese unquma ukuthi iyiphi engcono:
- Tshala ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwenhlabathi.
- Izitshalo zitshalwa ngokwelashwa kwenhlabathi futhi kune-peat.
- Sebenzisa umanyolo we-ammonia ukwenza umhlabathi ube ne-asidi.
Lezi noma iziphi iziphakamiso ezingenhla zingakusiza ukuthi uthole zonke izakhamzimba nezimo ezifanele ukuze izitshalo zakho zikhule.
Amathiphu okuthuthukisa izinga lomhlabathi
Inhlabathi yengadi kufanele icebile ngezinto eziphilayo kanye namaminerali. Kubalulekile ukuthi igcine amanzi anele futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ibe ne-drainage enhle. Umhlabathi wobumba ubamba amanzi amaningi futhi ungalimaza izitshalo ngokunisela ngokweqile. Ngokuphambene, uma inhlabathi inesihlabathi, ikhipha amanzi ngokushesha futhi izitshalo zingase zihlupheke ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi. Ukuthuthukiswa noma izixazululo kuhilela ukuthola ibhalansi enhle. Ebumbani kufanele wengeze isihlabathi somfula.
Emhlabathini oyisihlabathi, kufanele uhlele ukufaka umquba, umquba wamahhashi, noma i-mulch. Ezinye izitshalo, njengezaqathi, isipinashi, i-broccoli, ngisho nophizi, zikhula kahle emhlabathini oyisihlabathi inqobo nje uma ziniselwa njalo futhi zinikezwa inqwaba yezinto eziphilayo.
Kunoma yikuphi, umnikelo womanyolo we-organic ubalulekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi. Kulokhu, amalitha ama-5 kuya kwangama-20 omquba noma umquba nge-square meter ngayinye kufanele kunikelwe., kuye ngokuthi umhlabathi ucebile noma umpofu ezintweni eziphilayo. Ungangeza inhlabathi yezingadi zasemadolobheni, okuyi-mulch ethile yemifino ngokusho kwezincomo zomenzi. Izakhamzimba ezihlinzekwa wumquba, i-worm humus noma umquba zisebenza ukondla umhlabathi: zizohlinzeka ngemisoco esizoyisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo.
Kubuye kunconywe ukwengeza umquba we-granulated, uphondo lomhlabathi noma igazi elomisiwe njengesengezo. Banenzuzo yokuba ne-nitrogen eningi futhi bahlale emhlabathini isikhathi eside. Khumbula ukuthi ungakwazi kalula ukwenza umquba wasekhaya ngosizo lwe-composter, indlela esetshenziswa ekulimeni okuphilayo.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokulungisa insimu yensimu yezithelo nokuthi yiziphi izici okufanele uzicabangele.