Amakhowe asetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke futhi kunezitsha eziningi ezithokozisayo ngenxa yobukhona bazo. Igama lesayensi lekhowe elivamile i-Agaricus bisporus, liwukhunta (Kingdom Fungi) lomndeni wakwa-Agaricaceae, elidume kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwalo okuningi kokupheka kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezitsha. Ukuze uthole okuningi ekunambithekeni kwalawa makhowe, kufanele ufunde indlela yokutshala amakhowe.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukukutshela ukuthi ungatshala kanjani amakhowe nokuthi yini okufanele uyicabangele.
Indlela yokutshala amakhowe
Ngaphambi kokuchaza indlela yokutshala amakhowe, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi uma sifuna ukuzitshalela amakhowe ngokwethu, sizodinga izinto ezilandelayo:
- Iziqukathi ze-Styrofoam noma amabhokisi asetshenziswa njengendawo yokugcina izithombo.
- Phezulu kwebhokisi.
- utshani obubilisiwe.
- I-mulch noma i-peat.
- I-Mycelium ezinhlamvu, okungukuthi, "imbewu" noma izinhlamvu zesikhunta. Sincoma amakhowe avamile noma amakhowe e-portobello.
Zonke lezi zinhlu zezinto ezibonakalayo zilungiselelwe kukhunjulwa ukuthi sizozihlanganisa ngokwethu ibhokisi le-greenhouse. Uma sifuna ukwenza umsebenzi ube lula, singawuthola I-Alpaca Mushroom Grow Kit, ene-mycelium ne-mushroom substrate elungile, eqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kokuqala nokunweba omunye unyaka.
Ungatshala kanjani amakhowe ekhaya
Okokuqala, kufanele sigcizelele ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba nezandla ezihlanzekile kakhulu nezingenamagciwane kanye lungisa zonke izindawo, iziqukathi namathuluzi okulima amakhowe. Kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi ngaphandle kokuqaphela singakwazi ukukhiqiza amagciwane ayingozi ngezandla zethu, lapho sithimula noma sikhwehlela eduze, okungase kuthande ukukhula kwesikhunta esifunayo. Ukuze ukhule ama-mushroom ekhaya kusukela ekuqaleni, landela lezi zinyathelo:
- Faka utshani ebhakedeni nomquba.
- Faka amanzi amancane ukuze umanzise izithako futhi uhlanganise kahle.
- Uma uvame ukuphuza ikhofi ekhaya, kungcono ukushiya izizathu zekhofi ekuxubeni kuleli phuzu, njengoba zinomsoco kakhulu ku-fungus futhi zingaholela ekukhuleni kwesikhunta.
- Uma isixutshwe kahle, idlulisele ebhokisini le-Styrofoam. Ungesabi ukuyigcwalisa, ikakhulukazi uma isivalo siside ngokwanele ukuvumela ukhunta ukuba lukhule. Khumbula ukuthi le ngxube izoba ukudla kwesikhunta, futhi uma i-substrate iba nayo, amakhowe amaningi azoba khona.
- Fafaza i-mycelium eyimpuphu, okuyisikhunta uqobo.
- Vala ingaphezulu nge-1 cm kuya ku-2 cm we-peat noma i-mulch oswakanyiswe ngaphambilini, lapho amanzi engeziwe kufanele afafazwe khona ukuze anikeze umswakama odingekayo ekukhuleni kwesikhunta.
- Mboza ibhokisi ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-22 ºC no-37 ºC, uvikelekile ekukhanyeni.
- Kubalulekile ukugcina ibhokisi limanzi, sebenzisa ibhodlela le-spray njalo ukufaka umswakama omncane.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-7 kufanele ukwazi ukuhlukanisa izinwele ezimpunga ku-mycelium ekhulile. Bese kuba usizo ukuba nembobo esivalweni ukuze kungene ukukhanya. Yenza umgodi bese umboza ngefilimu yokudla.
- Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, kuzoba lula ukubeka ibhokisi elangeni eliqondile, kodwa hhayi ngokuphelele ebumnyameni, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile uphonsa umhlaba, kodwa hhayi amakhowe, ukugcina izinga elihle lomswakama, cishe u-80%. Kufanele ubone amakhowe akho okuqala ekhula cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-12, futhi kufanele ukwazi ukuvuna amakhowe akho okuqala cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-20.
amakhowe e-hydroponic
IHydroponics iyindlela engakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu izinsiza zezitshalo, ngoba zonke izakhi ziphathwa emanzini ngendlela yezixazululo ezinomsoco, ngokuvamile ngokujikeleza njalo, izitshalo noma kulokhu yisikhunta esithatha lokho kuphela. bayakudinga ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Nokho, uma kuqhathaniswa nezitshalo ezivamile, Izitshalo ze-hydroponic zidinga ukufakwa okukhulu emhlabathini noma kwi-substrate, ngakho-ke ukuqaliswa kwayo kubiza kakhulu futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kuvame ukuhlehliselwa emkhakheni wezimboni njengenye yezinhlobonhlobo zayo eziningi. Uma ufuna ukuqala ukukhula ekhaya, kungcono ukuqala ngamasu alula.
Amanye amathiphu
Nawa amathiphu ayisisekelo nabalulekile:
- Geza izandla futhi uhlanze wonke amathuluzi ngaphambi kokulungisa amabhokisi nokuxuba.
- Abanye bathi amakhowe akhula kahle kakhulu ebumnyameni, kodwa ukukhanya okuncane kuzothuthukisa intuthuko eyengeziwe. Ungawavezi ekukhanyeni okuqondile, kodwa ungawashiyi ebumnyameni futhi.
- Uma isivalo sijuluka kancane, fafaza amanzi esivalweni, noma ngqo phansi, kodwa hhayi kumakhowe, azobola.
- Qoqa amakhowe uwasuse ngokucophelela ngaphandle kokuwasika ukuze angaboli.
Ukuzala, izinambuzane nezifo
Amakhowe akhiqiza kabusha nge-mycelium, indlela yezitshalo ye-thallus noma isikhunta, equkethe iqoqo lemicu noma i-hyphae. Ingxenye evundile yekhowe itholakala kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-hymenium, eyakhiwe ipuleti etholakala engxenyeni engezansi ye-cap.
I-mycelium iqukethe ama-spores (kwisikhunta zibizwa ngokuthi i-conidia) lapho isikhunta esisha sivela khona uma sihlakulelwe. Ukuthengwa kwe-block esitolo esikhethekile sohlelo lwakho lokusebenza, kulula kakhulu. Ilukuluku elithakazelisayo: Abavuni bamakhowe ensimini basebenzisa izikhwama ezinezikhala ukwethula izibonelo, ngakho-ke, lapho behamba bebheka amakhowe, izinsalela ezinamathele kumakhowe zidedelwa phansi bese zihlakazwa ukuze zisetshenziswe kamuva njenge-mycelium ekukhiqizeni izitshalo.
Njengoba sekushiwo, amakhowe athinteka kakhulu umswakama oweqile, okungaholela ekwakhekeni kwesikhunta okunzima ukuhlasela ngama-fungicides, indlela kuphela yokuxazulula le nkinga ngokuvimbela. Ngemuva kokuvuna ngakunye, kunconywa ukuthi uhlanze ibhokisi ngaphambi kokulisebenzisa futhi.
Uma kuziwa ekukhuleni amakhowe engadini yakho yasekhaya, kufanele wazi ukuthi izinambuzane ezaziwa kakhulu izibungu ezithile, ama-nematode athile kanye nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene:
- Izicabucabu ezimhlophe: Zikhiqiza imigodi engajwayelekile emilenzeni nasezigqokweni.
- isicabucabu esi-blonde: kubangela ukukhula kwezimpande ze-fungal.
- I-Diptera: isilokazane esinezibungu ezibhubhisa i-mycelium yesikhunta, okubangela ukwehluleka kwezithelo nokubhubhisa isikhunta esivele senziwe.
- Isicabucabu esibomvu: Khuthaza isisebenzi.
- Amabhungane: Yenza izimbobo ezincane ze-oval esigqokweni.
- I-Nematodes: ukubhubhisa i-mycelium fungal.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokutshala amakhowe nokuthi yimaphi amathiphu angcono kakhulu.