I-Totumo (Crescentia cujete)

Ingabe lesi sithombe osibona ngenhla sibukeka njengomkhiqizo we-Photoshop? Ngaphandle kokungabaza, bekungeke kuswele izizathu zokukukholelwa. Kepha hhayi. Kungokoqobo. Kungumuthi wasezindaweni ezishisayo obizwa ngokuthi into, futhi yize ithela izithelo ngokubukeka okumnandi, iqiniso ukuthi zisetshenziselwa ezinye izinto ezingahlobene kakhulu nokudla.

Lesi sitshalo sincane kakhulu, ukukwazi ukulinywa ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezingadini lapho isikhala esikhona siyindlala, noma sinezimbiza ezinkulu.

Umsuka nezimpawu zetotumo

I-protagonist yethu iyisihlahla esidabuka endaweni yasemaphandleni yaseMelika ogama layo yisayensi UCrescentia cujete. Kuyaziwa ngokuthi yi-totumo noma i-tecomate, futhi Yisitshalo esihlala siluhlaza esakha amagatsha ambalwa, kepha sijiyile futhi sihlasimulisayo esigcina sakha umqhele obanzi. Isiqu sinegxolo elimpunga, kusukela ebushelelezi kuze kube sosikhakhaneni uma lisencane, noma lishayekile ngandlela thile uma umuntu omdala.

Amaqabunga alula, aqedwe, ngosayizi ka-4 kuye ku-15 ngamasentimitha ayi-1 kuye kwayi-4, ombala oluhlaza. Izimbali zayo zinkulu, ziphuzi ngombala, futhi zihluma esiqwini noma emagatsheni amakhulu. Isithelo i-globose, futhi sikhulu, cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-15-17 ububanzi, negobolondo eliqinile, futhi siqukethe imbewu eningi. Ikhula ize ifike kumamitha ayi-5 ukuphakama.

Yini ukunakekelwa okudingayo?

Uma ufuna ukuba nesibonelo se-totumo, sincoma ukuthi unikeze lokhu kunakekelwa okulandelayo:

Isimo sezulu

Lapho sizothenga isitshalo kubalulekile ukuthi sazi ukuthi sizokwazi yini ukuhlala endaweni yethu, ngoba uma kungenjalo besingasebenzisela imali ize. Ngakho-ke, uma lokho esikufunayo kuyi-totumo, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi isitshalo esishisayo, lokho ingaphila kuphela ezindaweni ezingenamakhaza.

Umhlaba

• Imbiza yezimbali: gcwalisa nge-substrate yekhwalithi, ecebile ngezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-drainage enhle. Ukuhlanganiswa okuhle ngu: 60% mulch + 40% perlite noma okufanayo.
• Isibindi: ikhula enhlabathini evundile futhi ekhishwe kahle. Iphinde ivumelane nenhlabathi enamatshe.

Ukunisela

Ukunisela kufanele kube ngokulinganisela. ITotumo isitshalo esingamelani nesomiso, kepha asithandi nokuminyana kwamanzi. Ukubheka lokhu, Sincoma ukuchelela cishe kathathu ngesonto ngesikhathi sasehlobo, no-1-2 ngesonto unyaka wonke.

Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma unisela, engeza amanzi uze uwabone ephuma emigodini yokuhambisa amanzi uma efakwa ebhodweni, noma kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi imanzi kakhulu.

Sebenzisa amanzi emvula noma nini lapho ungakwazi, kepha uma ungayitholi, eyodwa emsulwa ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma ine-lime eningi, gcwalisa isitsha ngayo bese uyiyeka ihlale ubusuku bonke. Ngakusasa, ungasebenzisa eyodwa engaphezulu kwesigamu esiphezulu.

Umbhalisile

Kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula (kusuka entwasahlobo kuye ehlobo endaweni lapho izinkathi zihlukile khona) kunconywa ukuthi ukhokhe i-totumo kanye ngesonto noma njalo ezinsukwini eziyishumi nanhlanu imikhiqizo ephilayo. Isibonelo, i-guano, i-mulch, i-worm castings noma umquba ovela ezilwaneni ezidla imifino kungumanyolo omuhle wemvelo wesitshalo.

Vele, uma unayo ebhodweni, sebenzisa umanyolo ongamanzi ulandela imiyalo ebekiwe esitsheni. Ngale ndlela, ipayipi lizohlala lihle futhi ngeke kube nengozi yokulimala ezimpandeni.

Ukuphindaphinda

Iphindaphindeka ngezimbewu entwasahlobo, ngokulandela lesi sinyathelo ngesinyathelo:

1. Okokuqala, bacwiliswa engilazini yamanzi, lapho bazoba khona namahora angama-24. Ngemuva kwalesosikhathi, lezo ezihlale zintanta ziyalahlwa ngoba ngeke zisebenze.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho, kugcwaliswa umbhede wembewu (izimbiza, amatreyi esithombo sehlathi, iziqukathi zobisi, ...) nge-substrate yezithombo (ezithengiswayo lapha) futhi uniselwa ngonembeza.
3. Ukuze uvikele imbewu kwisikhunta, ithusi elincane noma isulfure manje selifafazwa ku-substrate.
4. Okulandelayo, imbewu ibekwa ebusweni be-substrate, futhi ingcwatshwa kancane.
5. Ekugcineni, umbhede wembewu ubekwa ngaphandle, emthunzini omncane.

Ukugcina i-substrate inomswakama (ingagcwali amanzi) izohluma cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-7-15 ekushiseni okungaba ngu-20ºC.

Izihlahla

Ungathena i-totumo entwasahlobo, kususwa amagatsha omile, agula, abuthakathaka nalawo aphukile. Ungasebenzisa futhi ukusika lezo ezikhula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma uzikhulisa ebhodweni.

Isikhathi sokutshala noma sokutshala kabusha

En intwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa elincane lingu-15ºC noma ngaphezulu.

Uma isembizeni, kufanele iguqulwe ibe inkulu njalo eminyakeni emi-2 noma emi-3, lapho ubona ukuthi izimpande zikhula ziphuma emigodini yokudonswa kwamanzi.

Isibindi

UTotumo akamelani namakhaza noma isithwathwa. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kumele libe ngu-10ºC, yize kungcono uma kungu-15ºC.

Yikuphi ukusetshenziswa okunikezwa i-totumo?

Inezinhlobo ezimbalwa:

• Umhlobiso: yisitshalo esihle kakhulu, esisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo ezingadini, emapalathini nasemasimu.
• Ukwelapha: uginindela ku-decoction usetshenziselwa ukuzama ukukhulula izimpawu ze-bronchitis, ukukhwehlela, i-asthma, ne-urethritis.
• Izinhloso: Ezindaweni eziningi lapho usuka khona, ngokwesibonelo eMexico noma e-Ecuador, ubambo lwesithelo lusetshenziselwa ukuphuza noma ukuphuza iziphuzo.

Ucabangani ngalesi sihlahla? Ubumazi?