Njengoba sazi, kunamakhaza amaningi athinta izilimo zethu, kungaba esivandeni noma kwezolimo. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esibaluleke kakhulu ezihlahleni zezithelo. Imayelana ne- isibungu esinekhanda elikhulu. Kuyisilwane esanda ngokwanda inani labantu kanye nengozi. Esifundeni saseMurcia, Umphakathi waseValencian, i-Extremadura ne-Aragon kulapho kubaluleke kakhulu khona.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, umjikelezo webhayoloji nobungozi besibungu esinekhanda elikhulu.
Izici eziyinhloko
Isibungu esinekhanda elikhulu yisinambuzane esesabekayo esithinta kakhulu izihlahla zezithelo. Inani labo landa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Bacabanga ngalokho okungaba imvelaphi yokwanda okunjalo kwabantu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqhubeka nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithi yokubulala ukhula nezibulala-zinambuzane kunciphisa inani labantu abadlayo besibungu esinekhanda elikhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi, uma kunezidalwa ezimbalwa ezidla imvelo, i- isibungu singasakazeka kalula ngaphandle kokuba nengozi engako.
Kumele sikuqonde ukuthi uchungechunge lokudla ngokwemvelo lusebenza phakathi kwezilwane ezizingelayo nezisulu. Uma umuntu engenelela kwezinye zalezi zixhumanisi ezikuchungechunge lokudla, umjikelezo wemvelo ungaphulwa. Imvamisa izilwane ezidla ezinye zincane ku-ecosystem ngenxa yokuthi inani lezisulu lilinganiselwe futhi phakathi kwezidliwayo uqobo ziyaqhudelana. Lapho isisulu siyeke ukuba nesilwane esinciphisa inani laso labantu aqala ukukhula ngaphandle kokuzibamba, inqobo nje uma kukhona izinsiza ezanele zokunikeza izidingo zabo.
Kulokhu, sikhuluma ngezidliwayo ezanyamalala ngokungeyikho ezibangelwa ukubulala ukhula kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ezivela kubantu. Kodwa-ke, emasimini atshaliwe zonke izinsizakusebenza zokunikeza izidingo zesibungu esinekhanda elikhulu zikhona. Ngokuvuselelwa kwezinhlelo zokunisela itholakala ezweni elingasondele kangako esihlahleni somile. Njengoba ingxenye yesigaba sokukhula kwesibungu esinamakhanda amakhulu ihlala enhlabathini, ukwanda kwayo kunethuba elingcono.
Umjikelezo wempilo wesibungu esinekhanda elikhulu
Ake sibone ukuthi uyini umjikelezo wezinto eziphilayo walezi zinambuzane zezihlahla zezithelo. Abantu abadala bahlala ikakhulu bevikelekile phansi kuze kuphele ihlobo. Kusuka kulesi sigaba lapho ziqala ukuvela khona futhi ziqondane nokuhluma kwezihlahla zezithelo. Lesi yisizathu esenza ukuthi lezi zilimo zithinteke. Abantu abadala baphuma belambe kakhulu phela ebusika ngaphansi komhlaba. Lokhu kwenzeka kancane kancane ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari nasekuqaleni kukaMashi. Baqala ukushwabadela wonke amahlumela, amahlumela kanye nama-petioles asendleleni yabo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-40 zokondla ziqala ukuzala. Isikhathi sokuzalisa sisuka ezinyangeni zikaMeyi kuya kuSepthemba.
Amazinga okushisa entwasahlobo nasehlobo abuthakathaka kulesi silokazane, ngakho-ke owesifazane ngamunye angabeka amaqanda aphakathi kuka-350 no-400 emhlabathini nangaphansi kwemitha ukusuka esiqwini. Ukujula kwenhlabathi lapho izalela khona amaqanda cishe phakathi kwamasentimitha angu-0.5 no-2. Cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-10 amaqanda aqandusela kwizibungu bese eqonda ngasezimpandeni zezihlahla. Ngaphakathi kwezimpande zikhula zifike kumasentimitha ayi-7-10.
Ukuhlonza isibungu se-Bighead
Sizokhomba ezinye zezimpawu ezisemqoka umzimba wesibungu esinekhanda elikhulu okufanele ukwazi ukuzikhomba kalula. Umuntu omdala wesibungu ubhungane omkhulu omnyama ovame ukuba phakathi kwamasentimitha ama-2- 2.5. Imvamisa zitholakala emagatsheni ezithelo bese zicasha ngaphansi kwamagatsha lapho ithola ubukhona bakho. Enye yezinto okumele uyiqaphele kahle ukuthi bayandiza babaleke uma becabanga ukuthi ubakhombe.
Kakhulu kuthinta zonke izihlahla zezithelo zamatshe. Kubuye kufakazelwe ukuthi kuthinta ezinye izihlahla zezithelo ezifana ne-chestnut, i-apula, ipheya ne-quince. Umuntu omdala nguyena ohlala engxenyeni esemoyeni yomuthi bese edla amahlumela namaqabunga esihlahla avelayo. Noma kunjalo, umonakalo obaluleke kunazo zonke ongadalwa yizibungu ukudala imipheme ezimpandeni zezitshalo. Yilapho izitshalo zingonakala khona ekuqaleni. Futhi ukuthi bayakwazi ukubhubhisa izicubu ze-cortical futhi balimaze wonke amapayipi obisi isihlahla esidla ngawo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nothando lwalezi zibungu, izihlahla zigcina zibuthaka kakhulu zife.
Izindlela zokulawula ukuhlasela
Kunezindlela eziningana zendabuko zokugwema izinambuzane zalesi sibungu ezitshalweni. Isibonelo, uma sihlaziya ukuchelela, uma umhlabathi wesiqu sesithelo unomswakama, abesifazane abenzi lokho kubekwa phansi. Esinye isincomo ukuthi ukuchelela ngethonsi kufakwa eduze kwesiqu ukukhulisa indawo enomswakama. Ungasebenzisa ipulasitiki engasebenza njengesivikelo ngokuzungeza isihlahla ngobubanzi okungenani bemitha elilodwa. Le plastiki ifanelekile futhi ingcwatshwe ukuze isibungu singakwazi ukuweqa singene ngaphansi komhlaba.
Kamuva, siqoqa amapulasitiki lapho isikhathi sokuhlasela sidlula. Ungomunye wemisebenzi ephumelela kakhulu kepha engaphansi kwemvelo, ngoba ingakhiqiza udoti wepulasitiki phansi. Futhi, umswakama ozungeze isihlahla awukwazi ukunweba okungaphezulu kakhulu kwepulasitiki kanye kungadala ukweqisa okuhlukahlukene komswakama kwezinye izitshalo.
Ukususwa kwesihlahla esinegciwane kungumsebenzi okufanele wenziwe kuphela ezimweni zokwamukelwa okukhulu kwesihlahla. Kuyinto elula ukuqhubeka nokusha kwayo kokuqala nokulandelayo. Ngakho-ke, sikwazile ukugwema ukusabalala kwezinye izihlahla zezithelo.
Singakwazi ukulawula izinto eziphilayo, yize zisekhona izinyathelo ezimbalwa futhi kuyaphenywa. Kutholakale ezinye isikhunta ezingaba izitha zemvelo zesibungu esinekhanda elikhulu, ibhungane (Ama-rufipes ama-Melanotus), i-hymenopteran (I-Spathius erythrocephalus), IDiptera (Ama-latifrons eSarcophylla y IBillaea subrotundata) kanye ne-entomopathogenic nematodes (Sreinernematidae neHeterorhabditidae). Bonke bangakwazi bakhonza njengezilwane ezidla lesi sibungu esinekhanda elikhulu lokho kwethulwe ngendlela elawulwayo emvelweni kungasiza ekwehliseni abantu.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngesibungu esinekhanda elikhulu nezimpawu zaso.