Izihlahla zamapheya (iPyrus)

I-Los IPyrus ziyizihlahla ezinhle kakhulu ezinokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezilinywa zombili ezingadini nasezingadini, ngisho nasezimbizeni ezinkulu.

Njalo entwasahlobo zikhiqiza izimbali ezijabule kakhulu, zombala omuhle omhlophe, futhi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kwalokho noma ngubani uzokwazi ukudla izithelo zawo ezisanda kukhiwa kusuka kuma-specimens. Zazi.

Umsuka nezimpawu zePyrus

I-protagonist yethu uhlobo lwezihlahla kanye nezihlahlana ezimbalwa ezihlukanisayo yakhiwa cishe yizinhlobo ezingama-30 ezivela ezindaweni ezifudumele zaseYurophu nase-Asia. Iningi likhula phakathi kwamamitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-17 ukuphakama, kepha kukhona amanye afinyelela kumamitha angama-20, njenge IPyrus pyraster noma ipheya lasendle, nezinye ezihlala phakathi kwamamitha ayi-8 kuye kwayi-12, njenge IPyrus nivalis noma isihlahla sepheya leqhwa.

Amaqabunga ayashintshana, amise okweqanda, aphuzi futhi abukhali, anosayizi ophakathi kwamasentimitha amathathu kuya kwayishumi ubude. Izimbali ziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence abizwa ngama-corymbs, futhi zimhlophe. Uma sezithole impova, qala ukukhiqiza izithelo ezidliwayo ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-pomos athatha isimo esiyindilinga noma se-pyriform, ngosayizi kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-6 centimeters.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko

Zimi kanje:

IPyrus bourgaeana

Eyaziwa njenge-pyrutane noma ipheya lasendle, kuyisihlahla esifinyelela kumamitha ayi-10 ukuphakama ongowokuzalwa ehlathini laseMedithera. Ikhiqiza izithelo ezincane, ezifika ku-3cm ubude ngo-2cm ububanzi.

IPyrus calleryana

Eyaziwa njengepheya eliqhakazayo noma umuthi wepharele weCallery, kuyisihlahla esiphakathi kwamamitha ayi-15 kuya kwangama-20 ukuphakama ongowokuzalwa eChina. Izithelo zawo zincane, zingaphansi kuka-1cm ububanzi, yingakho ingasetshenziswanga njengesitshalo esidliwayo kepha njengesihlobiso.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Izimbali eziphakathi kwePyrus calleryana

IPyrus communis

Eyaziwa njengepeyari yaseYurophu noma ipheya elivamile, kuyisihlahla esiphakathi kwamamitha ayi-2 kuya kwangama-10 ukuphakama ongowokuzalwa eMpumalanga Yurophu nase-Asia Minor. Amapheya ayo anosayizi omuhle, aze afike ku-6cm, ane-flavour emnandi.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Eliphakathi kwe (Pyrus communis)

IPyrus cordata

Eyaziwa njengepeyari lasendle lase-Atlantic, yisihlahlana esiphakathi kwamamitha amabili kuya kwamathathu ukuphakama ongowokuzalwa esifundeni i-Atlantic eFrance nasenhlonhlweni yase-Iberia. Isetshenziswa njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa kuphela, ngoba isithelo saso sincane kakhulu futhi siyababa.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Ipheya lasendle (Pyrus cordata)

IPyrus pyraster

Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-pear yasendle, iyi- isihlahla kuze kufike kumamitha angama-20 Mude ongowokuzalwa eYurophu Ephakathi neseMpumalanga, kanye naseNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia. Izithelo ezikhiqizayo zifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-10.

IPyrus pyrifolia

Yaziwa njenge nashi, eliphakathi kwe-Asia, eliphakathi kweJapan, eliphakathi kweKorea, eliphakathi kweTaiwan, neliphakathi kwe-apula, kungumuthi odabuka e-Asia ukuthi ifinyelela ukuphakama okungafika kumamitha amabili. Izithelo zawo zifana kakhulu nama-apula, kepha lolu hlobo aluhlangene neze nezihlahla zama-apula (IMalus domestica).

I-athikili ehlobene:

I-Nashi (Pyrus pyrifolia)

Yini ukunakekelwa abakudingayo?

Uma ufuna ukuba nesihlahla sePyrus noma ipheya esivandeni sakho noma engadini yezithelo, sincoma ukuthi usinakekele ngale ndlela elandelayo:

Indawo

Njalo ngaphandle, elangeni eligcwele noma endaweni ekhanya kakhulu. Akusizo izitshalo ezingaphila ezindlini noma emthunzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi badinga ukuchitha amahora aphakathi kuka-900 no-1500 ebanda ebusika ukuze bakwazi ukukhiqiza izithelo.

Umhlaba

• Imbiza yezimbali: Kunconywa kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-substrate yensimu yasemadolobheni, njengalena abayithengisayo lapha.
• Isibindi: zikhula emhlabathini ocebile ngezinto eziphilayo futhi zikhishwe kahle.

Ukunisela

Njalo. Nisela isilinganiso esiphindwe kathathu ngesonto ehlobo, futhi njalo ezinsukwini ezi-3-4 unyaka wonke.

Umbhalisile

Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, nomanyolo ophilayo noma owenziwe ekhaya, onjengomquba, ukusakazwa kwezikelemu, noma umquba wenkomo, phakathi kwabanye.

Isikhathi sokutshala noma sokutshala kabusha

Entwasahlobo, lapho ingozi yesithwathwa isidlulile. Uma kwenzeka unayo ebhodweni, faka njalo eminyakeni engu-2-3.

Ukuphindaphinda

Izihlahla zamapheya zanda ngembewu nangokuxhunyelelwa.

Imbewu

Kuhlwanyelwa entwasahlobo, ngokwesibonelo kumatreyi esithombo ane-substrate yezithombo (kuyathengiswa lapha). Zama ukubeka okumbalwa ku-alveolus ngayinye, kungabi ngaphezu kuka-2-3, bese umboza ngongqimba oluncane lwe-substrate. Ekugcineni, iyaniselwa futhi ibekwe ngaphandle, emthunzini omncane.

Bazohluma cishe esikhathini esingangenyanga.

Ubuciko

Ubuciko beBud benziwa ekwindla-ebusika emaphethini alandelayo:

• UFranco: umelana nenhlabathi yelimestone kahle kakhulu.
• Isihlahla seQuince: kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yokufana kakhulu kwezitshalo ezixhunyelelwe.
• Amaqabunga e-pear birch (IPyrus betulaefolia): kungumuthi odabuka eChina, lapho kukhethwe khona umugqa ukuze umelane kahle nomhlaba owomile nokumelana kwawo nezintwala.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo okufanele sisilandelwe sinjengokulandelayo:

1. Okokuqala, kufanele wenze ukusika okumise okwe-T kuphethini, futhi ngosizo lwethayi lommese, hlukanisa amagxolo ngaphandle kokufaka ingcindezi enkulu.
2. Manje, yenza ukusika okude kwamasentimitha ama-3, ukusuka phansi kuye phezulu, uzungeze isikhuphasha, futhi uye ohlangothini olunqamulelayo.
3. Ngemuva kwalokho, faka i-gusset ku-incision, bese uyilungisa ngangokunokwenzeka ngokucindezela okuya phansi.
4. Ekugcineni, yibophe ngopulasitiki oqala ngaphansi kwehlumela, unikeze amahlandla ambalwa. Uma usuqedile, yenza okufanayo ngenhla kwalokhu.

Uma konke kuhambe kahle, esikhathini esingaphansi kwenyanga (ngokujwayelekile, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20) uzokwazi ukususa amapulasitiki.

Izinambuzane

Ungaba nakho Isicabucabu esibomvu, i-pear bug, i-pear worm, i-pear meleta, intwala san jose, impukane yezithelo futhi janus del peral.

Ungayelapha ngemikhiqizo yemvelo, njengesepha ye-potassium.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Yimiphi imikhiqizo yemvelo yokwelapha izinambuzane ezizoyisebenzisa?

Izifo

Kuyamelana impela, kepha kungathinteka yi amabala nokubola kwesihlahla esiphakathi.

Ukugcina isihlahla sinakekelwa kahle futhi kufakwa umanyolo, kuzoba nzima ukugula, kepha uma kwenzeka, phatha ngama fungicides.

Ukuvuna

Kuya ngokuhlukahluka, kepha phakathi kwentwasahlobo nasekupheleni kwekwindla.

Isibindi

Yonke iPyrus imelana nesithwathwa, okungenani ize ifike ku -7ºC, kepha izinhlobo zase-Asia zingahlala ezindaweni ezifika ku -18ºC.

Izinhlobo zamapheya zinconyelwe kakhulu ukusetshenziswa

Uma ufuna izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ongazitshala engadini yakho noma onazo ezimbizeni, bheka lezo esikukhombisa zona ngezansi:

UBlanquilla

Kuyaziwa nangokuthi mhlophe kusuka ku-Aranjuez noma ipheya lamanzi, kukhiqiza amapheya ahlanganisiwe, ukuma kwe-oblong, nokuluhlaza okukhanyayo ngombala. Umgogodla wayo umhlophe, unoshukela futhi unephunga elimnandi. Isikhathi sokuwavuna sesizophela ihlobo.

Thenga lapha.

UCastell

Yaziwa nangokuthi iSanjuanera noma iSan Juan, iyizinhlobonhlobo ezinemikhiqizo ephezulu enamapheya amancane, ayindilinga, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nophuzi futhi abomvana. Inyama imhlophe, ishukela, futhi inamanzi amaningi. Zivunwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo.

Thenga lapha.

Inkomfa noma Inkomfa

Ikhiqiza amapheya osayizi obukhulu, alule kakhulu, anombala oluhlaza okotshani futhi anombala omhlophe ophuzi, ocolekile futhi onamanzi amaningi. Kumuncu kancane, kepha kumnandi. Zingavunwa ngasekuqaleni kwekwindla.

Thenga lapha.

U-Ercolini

Luhlobo lwepheya olukhiqiza kakhulu olukhiqiza izithelo eziphakathi nezikhulu ezinesimo esivulekile, esiphuzi esiphuzi noma sibomvu ngombala. Inyama imhlophe, yinhle kakhulu, icebile ngoshukela, iyancibilika. Isikhathi sokuvuna sisekuqaleni kwehlobo.

Thenga lapha.

Ingadi Pear encane yemifino

Kuyinhlobonhlobo yemifino ekahle yokukhula ezimbizeni noma ezingadini ezincane ezikhiqiza amapheya aluhlaza osayizi omuhle, enenyama emhlophe nokuthungwa okunephunga nokunambithekayo zivunwa ekupheleni kwehlobo.

Thenga lapha.

Ingabe unesibindi sokuba nePyrus? 🙂