Esinye sezilimo esiveza ukungabaza okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuvuna ummbila. Baningi abantu abazibuzayo isikhathi sokuvuna ummbila futhi yiziphi izici okufanele zicatshangelwe ukuze kwaziwe ukuthi isivuthwe ngokwanele yini futhi isesimweni esihle.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi uvuna nini ummbila, yiziphi izici okufanele ube nazo, nokuthi yikuphi ukunakekelwa okudingekayo ukuze ukwazi ukuba nesivuno esifanele.
Izici zokuqoqwa kommbila
Umjikelezo wokuvuthwa kommbila unqunywa isamba samazinga okushisa anqwabelene (i-thermal integral), kusukela ekuhlanyelweni kuya ekuvuneni (uma uboshiwe), noma kuze kube sekuvuthweni kokusanhlamvu. I-thermal integral ihlala njalo: eminyakeni efudumele, isamba samazinga okushisa adingwa izitshalo sifinyelelwa ngaphambili kuneminyaka ebandayo, futhi ukuqhakaza nokuvuthwa nakho kusengaphambili.
Ngenxa yokuthi umjikelezo we-FAO usekelwe ezimeni zase-US Corn Belt, okuguquguqukayo kwendawo esifundeni njengesimo sezulu, ukuphakama, kanye nosuku lokutshala kufanele kubhekwe lapho kukhethwa imbewu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, Ukuhlwanyela kommbila kwenzeka phakathi kuka-April naphakathi noMeyi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho ukuhlwanyela kubambezeleka, umjikelezo wembewu ye-FAO kufanele ube mfushane,
Mayelana nokuvuna, kucatshangelwa okuguquguqukayo, izikhathi ezintathu ezijwayelekile zingabonakala:
- okusanhlamvu okuthambile: amasonto amathathu ngemva kokuqhakaza. Cishe ngo-August noma September.
- Ummbila wefolishi: Okthoba, lapho okusanhlamvu sekuseduze nokuvuthwa.
- okusanhlamvu okomile: Kusukela ngoNovemba, kodwa eminyakeni eyomile, ingavunwa ngo-Okthoba.
Isikhathi sokuvuna ummbila
Cishe ngemva kwezinyanga ezi-4 ummbila uhlwanyelwe, isikhathi sokuvuna isikhwebu siyasondela. Kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi lena akuyona isayensi eqondile, nokuthi isimo sezulu, isikhathi sokutshala kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo kungabangela ukuvuna ukuba kube amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma sekwephuzile.
Yingakho kungenangqondo ukunikeza izinsuku ezithile, futhi kungcono kakhulu ukufunda ukuhlola izindlebe ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi zisesimweni esiphezulu sokuvunwa. Kulesi sihloko, sizophinde sinikeze izinsuku ezilinganiselwe, kodwa okuwusizo kakhulu, sizobonisa indlela yokunquma isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuvuna ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwembewu yommbila.
Isikhathi sokutshala, izimo zezulu endaweni ekhulayo, ukuphathwa kwezitshalo kanye nezici zofuzo zohlobo ngalunye lommbila kungaholela ezinsukwini zokuvuna zangaphambili noma kamuva. Lokhu kucacile futhi kwenzeka cishe nganoma yisiphi isitshalo, kodwa esimweni sommbila, kufanele ucabangele lapho okusanhlamvu kuhamba khona.
Ummbila ovuthiwe ozogcinwa
Uma ufuna ukuyigcina ekamelweni lokushisa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyikhetha isivuthiwe futhi yomile, okungukuthi, ayizange ibonakale kumswakama izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuvuna. Lena yiyona ndlela kuphela yokugcina umswakama wokusanhlamvu uphansi ngangokunokwenzeka., okuyinto ekahle yokugcina kahle ngemva kokumiswa komoya.
Uhlamvu olomile luvame ukusetshenziselwa ukugaya ufulawa noma ukukhamba ummbila ukuze kuphakelwe imfuyo noma izilwane zasemapulazini.
Ukunqunywa kwesimo sokuvuthwa komzimba
Lezi ezinye zezici okufanele zicatshangelwe ukuze kunqunywe isimo sokuvuthwa komzimba wommbila:
- Izitshalo zommbila zibonisa izimpawu zokubola: amaqabunga oma futhi alahlekelwe umbala wawo oluhlaza.
- Lapho sikhama izikhwebu zombila ngeminwe yethu, izikhwebu zommbila ngeke ziyeke futhi izinhlamvu zombila zizwakala ngokucacile.
- Isikhumba sendlebe simnyama, sishwabene noma siyaxebuka.
- Ama-casings aba mncane, abe nombala okhanyayo futhi ome ngokubukeka.
- Ezinye noma zonke izindlebe zibheke phansi futhi manje zibheke phansi, njengokungathi ziwile.
- Lapho amakhoba ekhishwa esikhwebu, zonke izinhlamvu zazakhiwe kahle futhi zaba mnyama ngokwanele ukuba zingacwili lapho zicindezelwa ngozipho.
- Uma uhlamvu lukhiwa, kubhekwa amachashazi amnyama endaweni lapho lufakwe khona endlebeni.
Ummbila ongavuthiwe ongafakwa emathinini noma udliwe
Uma ummbila uzodliwa ugazingiwe noma ubilisiwe, noma uma uhlamvu luzopakishwa njengommbila omnandi ezinyangeni ezizayo, kufanele luvunwe ngaphambi kokuba uhlamvu lufinyelele ekuvuthweni ngokomzimba futhi lube lukhuni kakhulu.
Ukunquma isikhathi sokuvuna somntwana wommbila kuwumsebenzi onzima kunokuthola ukuvuthwa. Uma isikhathi singanele, okusanhlamvu kuzoba mnene kakhulu noma kungabi nalutho. Uma isikhathi siside kakhulu, okusanhlamvu kuzoqina. Ummbila oswiti uvunwa cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ngemva kokukhula kwentshebe ezindlebeni.
Kodwa kulesi simo, izimpawu zingabonakala futhi ukuthi ummbila omnandi usesikhathini esifanele sokuvuna. Lezi izi:
- Ikhoba lezikhwebu zombila limnyama ngombala futhi alizwani limanzi uma lithintwa.
- Uma ucindezela izindlebe engxenyeni yazo ephakathi azidedeli.
- Ubhontshisi uphaphathekile ngombala (uma uphuzi ngokumnyama noma owolintshi, uvuthwe ngokweqile)
- Cindezela ngeminwe yakho, izinhlayiya zizoxegisa futhi zikhiphe uketshezi olunobisi. Uma uketshezi olufafaza okusanhlamvu lungenambala, kuzodingeka ulinde isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuvuna izikhwebu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma kubonakala kuthambile, isikhathi esikahle sokuvuna sifika ekupheleni, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka usheshe ngaphambi kokuba zonke izindlebe zingasebenzi kule njongo.
Amathiphu okwazi ukuthi uwuvuna nini ummbila omnandi
- Vuna ekuseni noma ebusuku, zama ukugcina izinga lokushisa lipholile ngangokunokwenzeka futhi izindlebe zingashisi.
- Vuna izindlebe zibe izingqimba futhi uwagcine kanjalo kuze kube yisikhathi sokukhonza.
- Ngokushesha hambisa izindlebe endaweni epholile ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile.
- Yidla noma unga ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nesikhathi sokuvuna ummbila.