El isikhunta esimhlophe Kuyisifo esibangelwa ukhunta I-Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Leli pathogen lisabalele emhlabeni wonke futhi lithinta izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. Itholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo nomswakama ophezulu, njengasenyakatho yeSpain. Ivela ezitshalweni eziningi ezibangela ukwehla okukhulu kwesivuno kanye nekhwalithi yesivuno, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasehlobo esiswakeme nasekwindla.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi ungasusa kanjani isikhunta esimhlophe ezitshalweni nokuthi yini okufanele uyicabangele ukwenza kanjalo.
Umjikelezo wokuphila
Ikhowe I-Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ifakwe kusikhunta se-Ascomycete futhi yakha edumile isikhunta esimhlophe. Umjikelezo wabo wokuphila uqukethe isigaba se-asexual kanye nesiteji socansi esinomsebenzi oyinhloko wokusabalalisa izifo. Esigabeni se-asexual, i-sclerotia imila ngaphansi kwezimo zomswakama ophezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphakathi, likhiqize i-mycelium efana nekotini. Ivamise ukungena ezitshalweni ngamanxeba noma ngezimbobo emhlabathini. Isikhunta sikhula esitshalweni esinegciwane futhi sikhiqize i-sclerotia entsha, eziwela kalula phansi futhi uqale umjikelezo futhi. I-Sclerotia yakhiwe inombolo enkulu ye-hyphae engaphila emhlabathini iminyaka eminingana futhi iyindlela eyinhloko yokudluliselwa kwezifo.
Umjikelezo wempilo yocansi nawo uqala nge-sclerotia. Kuzo, izakhiwo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-apothecia zikhula, ezifaka i-asci equkethe ama-ascospores. Lezi zipheshulwa kalula ngumoya bese zifakwa ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zesitshalo. Ama-Ascospores aqhuma futhi ukutheleleka kwenzeka ngokushesha, futhi izingxenye zezitshalo ze-senescent, njengezimbali ezibunile, zisengozini kakhulu. Ukusuka lapha, ukhunta luyakhula futhi luthelele ezinye izitho zesitshalo bese kwakheka i-mycelium emhlophe efana nekotini. I-Sclerotia yakheka ku-mycelium futhi ingawela kalula phansi, iqale umjikelezo futhi.
Kungani isikhunta esimhlophe simila ezitshalweni?
Isikhunta siyisikhunta esakhiwe amagciwane ahlala ezilwaneni noma ezitshalweni, ngakho lapho sisakazeka ngomoya, emanzini, noma ezinambuzaneni, singakhula emhlabathini, ekudleni, noma kwezinye izindawo. Ukuze sikhule futhi sizalane, isikhunta sidinga indawo emanzi kanye nezinto eziphilayo. Ngakho-ke, ezitshalweni zakho, izimo ezimanzi, ezifudumele nezinomswakama, njengokunisela ngokweqile noma izimbiza ezingakhanywanga kahle, zivuna ukukhula kwazo. Ngokusho kochwepheshe bezingadi, izitshalo zasendlini zijwayele ukubunjwa kunezitshalo zangaphandle ngenxa yokungena komoya, kodwa lokhu akuwona umthetho.
Isikhunta esimhlophe ezitshalweni sivame ukuvela ezimeni ezifudumele nezinomswakama, ikakhulukazi uma izitshalo ziminyene. Ngokuvamile kulula ukuyibona lapho ivela emaqabunga ezitshalo zethu, ibukeka njengamachashaza amhlophe aluhlaza. Endabeni yenhlabathi, ingavela futhi njengamachashaza amhlophe, kodwa kulula ukuyiphambanisa nezinhlamvu ze-lime noma usawoti.
Amabala kalamula noma usawoti avela ngenxa yokunisela ngoba ayizingxenye zamanzi anqwabelene emhlabathini. Ngokungafani nesikhunta, lezi zinsalela zivame ukuqina, zivumele ukuthi zisuswe. Isikhunta singase sivele umhlabathi ngoba usakazeka kuyo yonke i-substrate, ngezinye izikhathi ahlasele amabhodwe namahlamvu.
Isimo somkhuhlane wamaqabunga, ngaphezu kokubonakala ngokubonakala kwamabala amhlophe kanye nezinwele eziphansi, kungase kuhambisane namahlamvu afile kanye neziqu ezishwabene. Izitshalo zingafa ngokuphelele uma zingelashwa.
Indlela yokususa isikhunta esimhlophe ezitshalweni
Ake sibheke isinyathelo ngesinyathelo indlela yokususa isikhunta esimhlophe ezitshalweni:
Lahla ungqimba lwesikhunta esimhlophe
Into yokuqala ukuhlukanisa isitshalo, ngoba isikhunta (izinhlamvu zaso) singasakazeka ngokushesha kwezinye izimbiza. Endaweni engenisa umoya, khipha isitshalo ebhodweni ukuze uhlole inkinga, bese ubheka izimpande zaso: uma uthola izimpande ezithambile noma ezibolile, zinqume.
Manje, ngosizo lwe-spade yasengadini noma i-rake, udinga ukususa inhlabathi yokuqala engu-6 kuya ku-10 cm, inhlabathi ephezulu kakhulu, bese ufaka inhlabathi entsha esikhundleni sesitshalo. Leli qhinga elincane lizokwanela uma isikhunta singahlali esitshalweni isikhathi eside. Nokho, uma kungenjalo futhi ukhunta lukwazile ukufinyelela ekujuleni okujulile, noma iphinde ivele ngemva kwamaviki ambalwa, sidinga ukufaka esikhundleni sayo yonke inhlabathi emabhodweni bese siphinda sifaka izitshalo zozakwethu bokuphila.
Kulokhu, kulula ukusebenzisa i-substrate enhle noma umquba wezinto eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi izitshalo, ngoba sizokwazi ukuthi ukugeleza kuzoba kuhle. Esikudingayo nje ukuze amanzi angaqoqi futhi isikhunta esijabulisayo singaphinde siphume!
Ithiphu eyodwa ukufaka i-perlite noma i-gravel engadini, ingalula inhlabathi futhi ivimbele ukuthi ihlangane, njengoba sishilo lapho sikhuluma nge-substrate engcono kakhulu ye-cacti nama-succulents. Noma iyiphi yalezi zinketho ezimbili ingathuthukisa ukugeleza kwamanzi. Singakwazi ukumboza ubuso bebhodwe ngesendlalelo samabhola obumba anwetshiwe, elawula umswakama futhi ivimbele isikhunta ukuthi singaphinde sivele.
Hlanza ibhodwe ngensipho nesoda yokubhaka
Kudingeka futhi sihlanze amabhodwe namapani ngensipho yezitsha (isicoci esivamile), ingcosana yesoda yokubhaka, namanzi. Ogogo babeqinisile: i-baking soda ifana nomlotha omncane osiza ukususa isikhunta ezimbizeni kahle.
Njengoba ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa, i-baking soda ayihlaseli ukhunta, kodwa iyi-dehydrator enhle kakhulu esusa umswakama ezindaweni ezingaphezulu (lokho kanye okuthandwa yisikhunta). Vumela ibhodwe lome ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuligcwalisa ngomhlabathi omusha.
Hlanza kahle amaqabunga
Kamuva, amaqabunga athintekile kufanele ahlanzwe ngamanzi bese omiswa ngephepha lasekhishini, iqabunga elilodwa ngalinye ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwesikhunta. Futhi, susa noma unqume amaqabunga awonakele noma afile.
Ukuze lokhu kuhlanza kusebenze kangcono, singasebenzisa i-eco-fungicide, noma sizenzele thina ekhaya: kulokhu sidinga isipuni se-baking soda (ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo esizishilo ngaphambili), isigamu sesipuni sensipho ewuketshezi, isipuni samafutha e-horticultural (njengoba siyithola ezinkulisa noma kusuka kulesi sixhumanisi) kanye nengxenye yelitha lamanzi. Asizange seqe uwoyela ngoba, ngaphezu kwezakhi zawo zokulwa nesikhunta, usiza ingxube ukuthi inamathele kahle kukhunta.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokususa isikhunta esimhlophe ezitshalweni.