Isithombe - Wikimedia / Rob Hille
El isikhutha ngesinye sezifo ezihlasela kakhulu izitshalo. Yize sicabanga ukuthi kubangelwa yisidalwa esisodwa, empeleni kunezinhlobo eziningana zesikhunta esibhekele iqiniso lokuthi amaqabunga kusukela osukwini olulodwa kuya kolandelayo aqala ukuba namachashazi aphuzi kanye nempuphu emhlophe empunga ngaphansi.
Okubi kakhulu ukuthi uma sinazo eduze kwezitshalo ezinempilo, kungenzeka ukuthi nazo zigcine zithelelekile. Ukubheka lokhu, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo eziningi, okokuqala ukuze lesi sifo singasabalali, bese okwesibili ukuze lezo zilimo ezithintekile zilulame, kodwa yiziphi?
Kuyini lokhu?
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Thomas Lumpkin / CIMMYT
Kuyinto a iqoqo lezifo ezibangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zesikhunta esiyisidlakudla ama-spores awo alala ngezilimo eziyizigaxa noma izimpande, futhi zenziwa zisebenze entwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-10ºC, okuyilapho ziqondiswa khona emaqabungeni kanti isiqu sethenda sisebenza ngemikhumbi engaphakathi kwesitshalo.
Okudume kakhulu (ngoba yizona ezibonwa njalo kakhulu) yilezi:
- I-Plasmopara viticola: kwaziwa njengesikhunta esidakayo somvini. Kuyisikhunta esithinta kuphela izitshalo zohlobo lwe-Vitis. Kubangela ukuvela kwamabala ayindilinga ngokujwayelekile emaqabungeni, ohlangothini olungaphezulu, kanye nempuphu emhlophe engaphansi. Izithelo nazo zingalimala, ngoba isiqu esifanayo sisengozini yokuhlaselwa yileli gciwane. Bona ifayela.
- Ama-infestans ama-Phytophthora: eyaziwa ngokuthi amazambane isikhutha noma amazambane isikhutha. Kubangela ukuvela kwamabala amnyama emaqabungeni naseziqu zezitshalo, nokubola kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. Bona ifayela.
- I-Phytophthora capsici: eyaziwa ngokuthi i-pepper isikhutha. Kuyisikhunta esidala ukuvela kwamabala angajwayelekile emaqabungeni, asabalala kancane kancane futhi athole ukubukeka okufana nokusha. Izithelo zimbozwe ngempuphu emhlophe, bese zigcina zishwabana futhi zomile.
Uyini isikhutha?
Uma sikhuluma ngesikhunta esikhiqizekile sikhuluma ngesikhunta somvini, esenziwe amajikijolo amaqoqo abe ngusayizi wepea. Lokhu kudala ukuthi izinhlamvu ze-microorganism ezingaphakathi kwezithelo azikwazi ukuphuma ngaphandle ngoba isikhumba samagilebhisi siyakuvimbela.
Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe phakathi kuka-10 no-30 degrees Celsius, futhi kufanele kube nomswakama omkhulu noma imvula evamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile futhi ukusho ukuthi kuvame ukuvela ezitshalweni ebezivele zigula ngesikhunta ngaphambili; Yebo, kulabo abangakaze babe nayo, akuvamile.
Ziyini izimpawu nomonakalo odalekayo?
Bangokulandelayo:
- Ukubukeka kwempuphu emhlophe / mhlophe noma isikhunta emaqabunga, iziqu nezithelo
- Ukubukeka kwamabala aphuzi aphenduka ansundu emaqabungeni
- Ukubola kwezithelo, kanye nezimpande kanye / noma nezilimo eziyizigaxa
- Ukuwa kweLeaf (hhayi ngenxa yefungus uqobo, kepha kungenxa yokuthi kungenziwa buthaka kangangokuba, uma umoya uvunguza ngamandla athile, angathwalwa)
- Ukwehla kokukhula
- Ukubukeka okujwayelekile kwesitshalo »okudabukisayo»
- Ukwehla komkhiqizo wezitshalo ezithintekile
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesikhutha ne-powdery isikhutha?
Lezi zifo ezimbili ziyefana kakhulu, ngoba zombili zibangela ukuthi uthuli noma isikhunta esimhlophe sivele emaqabungeni. Kepha umehluko omkhulu ukuthi i-downy isikhutha naso sithinta izithelo, kuyilapho i-powdery isikhutha sithinta kuphela amaqabunga neziqu. Uneminye imininingwane mayelana ne-powdery isikhutha ku lesi sixhumanisi.
Ilashwa kanjani?
Amakhambi asekhaya
Lawula izingozi
Gwema ukumanzisa amaqabunga nezimbali ngesikhathi sokuchelela ukuze zingaguli.
Isikhunta, njengazo zonke izikhunta, sithanda izindawo ezinomswakama nezifudumele, futhi zisithokozela nangaphezulu lapho isitshalo siphethwe ukugcwala ngokweqile. Kwalokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu, ukunisela kuphela uma kunesidingo, nokusebenzisa iziqhekeza noma inhlabathi ekwazi ukuhlunga amanzi ngokushesha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele neze unisele phezulu, futhi akuwona umqondo omuhle ukubeka ipuleti ngaphansi kwazo (ngaphandle kokuthi SIHLALE sikhumbula ukukhipha noma yimaphi amanzi amaningi ngokweqile emizuzwini engu-30 emva kokuchelela).
Sebenzisa isikhunta semvelo ekufuthweni
Ngenkathi efudumele yonyaka, noma lapho isikhutha sesiqale ukudala umonakalo engxenyeni esemoyeni yezitshalo (amaqabunga, iziqu, izithelo), kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-fungicides okufafaza imvelo, njengalena lapha:
Ithusi noma isibabule
Ithusi nesibabule kungama-fungicides wemvelo amabili asebenza kahle kakhulu, ukuvimbela nokubuyisa isitshalo esigula isikhunta. Yebo kunjalo, Kumele uwuthululele ebusweni be-substrate noma inhlabathi entwasahlobo kanye / noma ekwindla; ehlobo akunconywa ngoba zingashisa izimpande lapho ziniselwa.
Hlukanisa izitshalo ezinezifo
Ukuvikela lesi sifo ukuthi singasabalali, izitshalo ezigulayo zidinga ukugcinwa ekhoneni elinomoya omuhle Futhi, uma kungenzeka (okungukuthi, uma kuyizitshalo ezifuna ukukhanya okuqondile) kunconywa ukuthi uzifake elangeni, okungenani zize zibe ngcono. Ngale ndlela, bangalulama ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga kwabanye.
Amakhambi amakhemikhali
Uma sinezitshalo ezigula kakhulu, noma uma sithanda ukusebenzisa amakhambi amakhemikhali, kufanele sisebenzise ama-fungicides e-systemic, ngokulandela imiyalo ebekiwe kwiphakeji kuya kuleyo ncwadi. Lokhu ngokwesibonelo kungaba inketho enhle:
Ayikho imikhiqizo etholakele.
Futhi ngalokhu senziwe. Ngiyethemba ibilusizo kuwe 🙂.