El isithombo esimnyama Ungomunye wemifino ethakazelisa kakhulu esingayithola esitolo, kodwa nasengadini yethu. Yize umbala ohlukile kunalowo esijwayele ukuwubona nokuwudla, izidingo zawo ziyefana nesithombo esivamile, nesikhumba esibomvu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kwezici zayo sihlukanisa eyodwa ezoba nelukuluku kakhulu kuwe: iyakwazi ukuzivikela, futhi ngempumelelo impela, ezinambuzaneni ezingaba izinambuzane ngokushesha, ngoba ngaphakathi inezakhi zamakhemikhali ezingezona ezinobuthi eziwaxoshayo.
Umsuka nezimpawu zesithombo esimnyama
Kepha okokuqala ake sikhulume ngokuthi isitshalo sinjani. Ukwazi lolu lwazi ungaba nombono ocacile wokuthi ungalukhulisa kuphi. Ngakho-ke ake sifike kukho: lokhu kuyinhlobonhlobo ogama layo lesayensi URaphanus sativus var Niger. Lokhu kusho ukuthi yizinhlobonhlobo zesithombo esivamile (R. sativus) onesikhumba esimnyama. Ngalesi sizathu, yaziwa njenge-black radish, noma i-Erfurter radish.
Kukholakala ukuthi ivela eSyria, yize kungacaci kahle. Ifike eYurophu cishe ngonyaka we-1548, lapho yahlwanyelwa kabanzi kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX. Phakathi nengxenye yokuqala yalelo khulu leminyaka yayicishe ikhohliwe, futhi namuhla seyithathwa njengezinhlobonhlobo zasendulo zesithombo. Kepha lokho akusho ukuthi akulinywa, ukude nakho.
Eqinisweni, ezikhathini zamuva ukuthandwa kwayo kuyanda, ngoba kuvezwa njengokudla okuhle kakhulu kwezempilo, futhi kusukela manje kuqhubeke kusuka ezandleni zethu futhi njengesitshalo esilula ukusigcina.
Ukugxila kuzici zayo, kufanele kuthiwe kuyisitshalo saminyaka yonke; okusho ukuthi, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa nje iyamila, ikhule, iqhume bese kuthi emuva kokuthela ize ife; yize into ejwayelekile ukuthi ivuna isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuphela komjikelezo wayo (cishe izinsuku ezingama-55 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela). Ikhula ize ibe ngamasentimitha angama-50 ubude, futhi iba nempande ende noma eyindilinga, enesikhumba esimnyama nenyama emhlophe.
Yini ukusetshenziswa kwesithombo esimnyama?
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Le grand Cricri
Lokhu ukudla ukuthi ingadliwa ingaphekiwe, kungaba ngamasaladi noma izitsha zomhluzi (isobho, isitshulu). Ukunambitheka kwayo kunamandla, ngakho-ke sincoma ukuthi uthathe ukuluma okuncane kuqala, futhi uma kungenzeka ukuthi kukhulu kakhulu engeza ingcosana kasawoti.
Isikhumba singadliwa futhi, kodwa kuphela uma sisesimweni esifanele. Uma kwenzeka inesikhunta, ngeke ilungele ukusetshenziswa.
Izinzuzo ezimnyama zesithombo
It is kabanzi emithini yendabuko ye- lawula i-cholesterol futhi ube nesibindi esisebenza kangcono. Kuthiwa futhi iyasiza ekugayeni ukudla.
Kukhona ucwaningo lwesayensi olukhuluma ngokuqondile ngalezi zinzuzo; Ikakhulukazi, igxile emandleni ayo okuncibilikisa amatshe enyongo we-cholesterol. Kodwa uma unezinkinga zalolu hlobo kufanele uthintane nodokotela.
Ukulima isithombo esimnyama
Ngabe ufuna ukuyikhulisa engadini yakho? Qaphela lokho esizokutshela khona ngezansi:
Ukuhlwanyela
Imbewu ingahlwanyelwa kusukela ehlobo kuya ekwindla, kuya ngesimo sezulu endaweni yangakini. Khumbula ukuthi badinga ukushisa ukuze bakhule, ngakho-ke uma bewubahlwanyela, ngokwesibonelo, ngo-Septhemba, kepha kukhona isithwathwa ngo-Okthoba, kungenzeka ukuthi izithombo azikhulelanga ngokwanele, noma konakalisa.
Kepha uma isimo sezulu sifudumele ehlobo futhi simnene ekwindla, ngobuncane obungu-10, 15 noma ama-20 degrees Celsius, kungenzeka ukuthi ngenyanga noma ngenyanga nohhafu ungaqoqa izimpande zawo ukulungiselela ezinye izindlela zokupheka nazo.
Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo okufanele sisilandelwe sinjengokulandelayo:
- Okokuqala ukukhetha umbhede wembewu, ofaka itreyi lombhede wembewu (uyathengiswa lapha) noma ebhodweni elinjalo zilawulwa kakhulu. Bese uyigcwalisa nge-seedbed substrate noma i-mulch (iyathengiswa lapha).
- Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuchelela. Inhlabathi kumele ifakwe ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
- Bese, thatha cishe imbewu emibili noma emithathu, uyibeke phezu kombhede wembewu. Uma ukhethe ithileyi lesithombo, faka u-2-3 kusokhethi ngalinye.
- Manje, thela i-substrate encane ngaphezulu, ngiyaphinda: kancane nje. Izinhlamvu akufanele zivezwe esimweni sezulu, kodwa futhi akufanele zingcwatshwe ngokujulile. Ingqimba encane yomhlabathi ukuze ibavikele izokwanela.
- Ukuqeda, sincoma ukubeka ipuleti noma ithreyi ngaphandle kwezimbobo ngaphansi kombhede wembewu. Kuzoba lapho lapho sizothela khona amanzi njalo lapho kufanele sinisele.
Manje konke okumele sikwenze ukubeka umbhede wembewu endaweni enelanga.
Ukuphindaphindeka nokufakelwa kabusha
Isithombe - Wikimedia / Rasbak
Njengoba izitshalo zikhula, Uma ebhodweni elilodwa sibeke isibonelo 3 futhi bobathathu sebephumile, okufanele sikwenze ukugcina eyodwa noma lezo ezingcono. Futhi ngukuthi uma kukhona ebuthakathaka, okungukuthi, uma kukhona okubuyela emuva kakhulu futhi / noma okunesiqu esincane kakhulu kunezinye, kungahle kungakwazi ukukhula ngendlela ejwayelekile.
Uma unenhlanhla yokuthi bobathathu bayimiqemane, futhi futhi bahlukaniswe kancane omunye komunye, khona-ke uzoba nethuba lokubahlukanisa bese ubatshala kwelinye ibhodwe. Lokhu kwenziwa kanjena:
- Okokuqala, lindela ukuthi babe nama-pair angaphansi kwama-2-4 amaqabunga weqiniso.
- Bese ususa ngokucophelela konke ebhodweni.
- Manje, thatha isitshalo esincane futhi, futhi ngokunakekela okukhulu nokudla okumnandi, hlukanisa izimpande zaso nezabanye.
- Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuwutshala ebhodweni elikhudlwana, nge-substrate yensimu yasemadolobheni noma i-mulch, emthunzini omncane. Lizohlala kuwo kuze kube yilapho selumile ngokuphelele, okungukuthi, kuze kuphume izimpande ngemigodi.
Ukutshala engadini yezithelo
Isithombo esimnyama senza kangcono kakhulu uma sisemhlabathini, ngakho-ke ngokushesha nje lapho sesigxilile ebhodweni, okufanele kwenziwe ngokulandelayo ukutshala engadini. Ngisho nangemva kwe-chime, uma icishe ibe ngamasentimitha ayi-10 ubude, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuyibeka ngqo emhlabathini uma indawo ezoba kuyo ivikeleke kancane elangeni.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, Into yokuqala ukulungisa inhlabathi: kufanele ibe ne-pH engu-6.5 kuye ku-7 ukuze ikhule ezimeni. Uma iphansi (i-asidi) noma ingaphezulu (i-alkaline) kuzofanele uthathe isinyathelo. Ungakhathazeki, lapha Sichaza indlela yokukhulisa noma yokwehlisa i-pH njengoba kufanele.
Kubalulekile ukuthi kukhishwe amatshe namakhambi. Ngokunjalo, kuyalulekwa ukufaka umquba emhlabeni, okungukuthi, ukubeka ungqimba cishe lwamasentimitha ayishumi wesembozo semvuthuluka noma sempethu ngokwesibonelo. Kamuva, yenza umgodi utshale isithombo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kulungile, okusho ukuthi, ayiphezulu kakhulu noma iphansi kakhulu maqondana nezinga lomhlaba.
Ekugcineni, kuzodingeka ukunisela kuphela. Uma uzotshala izibonelo ezimbalwa, ungenza ifayili le- umuthi wesihlahla ngasinye sinomhlaba ofanayo ovela ensimini; ngale ndlela njalo uma ubanisela amanzi azogxila kubo.
Ukuvuna
Ukuvuna kuzokwenziwa lapho phezulu kwempande kunamathela emhlabathini, phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-35 nezingama-55 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Ngokuqinisekile, ungamba uzungeze kancane ukuze ubone ukuthi izimpande zinjani: uma okungenani ingamasentimitha ubukhulu obukhulu futhi zimnyama noma zimnyama, zilungile.
Uma usuhlanziwe, ungawabeka efrijini amasonto amathathu ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-0 no-5 degrees Celsius.
Yiziphi izinambuzane ezingaba nazo?
Kungenzeka ukuthi ihlaselwe ngu:
- Izimpethu (izimpungushe ze-Delia fly)
- Izikelemu (izibungu zenundu, njenge I-Noctua pronuba)
- Amabhungane wesizwe sase-Alticini
Ilashwa kanjani? Isibonelo ngomhlaba we-diatomaceous (uyathengiswa lapha). Ukuba ngumkhiqizo wemvelo ongashiyi nsalela, kufanele ufafaze isitshalo ekushoneni kwelanga, lapho ilanga lingasakhanyi, bese ufafaza lo mkhiqizo phezu kwalo.
Ukuqeda izikelemu kungcono ukusebenzisa iCypermethrin 10%, ikakhulukazi uma sisola ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kukhulu.
Ungathenga kuphi isithombo esimnyama?
Uma ufisa, ungathola imbewu kusuka lapha:
