Uphayinaphu, leso sithelo esimnandi esivamise ukudliwa ehlobo nasekwindla, sihluma esimangalisayo Isitshalo sikaphayinaphu, eyaziwa ngokwesayensi njenge "U-Ananas comosus".
Lesi sitshalo siqukethe umhlaba we-bromeliad odabuka eNingizimu Melika, okuyi yakha i-rosette yama-lanceolate, amaqabunga anesikhumba, elinganiselwa ku-1m ubude. Izimbali zayo, ezinombala omuhle ophakathi kwepinki nobomvu, kuvele kube yisimanga sangempela, ngoba ziqoqelwe kuma-inflorescence amise okwe-spike, agcinwa evulekile inyanga yonke ukuze athole impova.
Ngemuva kokuthola impova, izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa kuphakamisa ijikijolo, okuthi uma selikhule ngokugcwele lifinyelele phakathi kuka-7-10cm ububanzi nangu-30 cm ubude. Ngaphakathi kwesithelo kukhona uginindela, onombala ophuzi, unephunga elimnandi futhi line-esidi elincane futhi unephunga elimnandi impela.
Izici zesitshalo sikaphayinaphu
Uphayinaphu kuyisitshalo esidabuka ezindaweni ezishisayo, esivela eNingizimu Melika, ngaphandle kokuthi incane, ihlala isikhathi eside, iyabusisa futhi inempilo, ngaphezu kokuba nesisekelo esakhiwe ngokubumbana kwamaqabunga amaningana akha i-rosette.
Lesi sitshalo sinezinhlobo ezimbili zezimpande, ezokuqala yilezi izimpande zokuzijabulisa, amafushane futhi akha phezulu, ngoba iningi lawo likhula ngaphansi kwesiqu cishe ngo-15cm ukusuka emhlabathini; eyesibili yizimpande eziyinhloko futhi zinde kancane, zifinyelela ekujuleni okucishe kube ngama-60cm ngisho nangaphezulu.
Futhi, Isitshalo sikaphayinaphu sinesiqu esifushane, esinamanzi, lapho kugcinwa khona izakhamzimba ezikhiqizwa amaqabunga.
Lesi sitshalo sinamaqabunga afinyelela phakathi kuka-50-150cm ubude, amelana, i-lanceolate, i-fibrous, anomumo wenkemba, ambozwe futhi ahlelwe ngokuvunguza azungeze isiquNgaphezu kwalokho, anemiphetho enamazinyo acocekile okuthi, ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, angaba noma angabi nazinsipho.
Kungenzeka ukuthi umbala wamaqabunga awo uluhlaza okwempunga kokubili okukhanyayo nokumnyama, noma kunjalo, kukhona okunye izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga anemibala, ezinenhlanganisela ephephuli, ebomvu, yesiliva kanye / noma ephuzi. Ngokunjalo, ubuso kanye nokuhlehla kwamaqabunga kugcwele ungqimba oluncane lwe-fluff yesiliva engavumeli ukukhanya kwelanga kudlule futhi futhi inesinqe esijiyile esivimbela ukuthi singalahlekelwa umswakama.
Njengoba isikhathi sihamba isiqu sawo esifushane sezimbali siyakhula futhi sandise futhi elizungezile lihluma inqwaba yezimbali eziphephuli nezincane futhi zonke ziqukethe i-bract engayinye engaba luhlaza, ibomvu noma iphuzi ngombala ezimvwini zayo kuhluma izimbali ezintsha.
Isiqu se- Isitshalo sikaphayinaphu iyaqhubeka nokukhula bese iba nesiyingi samaqabunga aqinile futhi amafushane ngaphezulu kwesimbali futhi zonke izimbali zalokhu ziyi-hermaphroditic, ngakho-ke zivele zizenzele isikhathi sokuqhakaza asiqinisekileAma-hormone ezitshalo asetshenziselwa ukuhweba ngenhloso yokwazisa hhayi kuphela ukuqhakaza kwezimbali, kepha nokuhluma kwezithelo zawo.
Ukunakekelwa Kwezitshalo Zephayinaphu
Ukunakekela isitshalo sikaphayinaphu akuwona neze umsebenzi olula, ngoba ukuba isitshalo esishisayo, Kuyinto elula ukuthi ukukhula kwayo kwenzeka endaweni enesimo sezulu esifudumele futhi lapho kungenasithwathwa khona, ngoba kungenjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi izolimala kakhulu lapho kufika ubusika.
Ngalesi sizathu futhi lapho unesitshalo sikaphayinaphu kuyadingeka ukulandela lezi zinkathazo ezilandelayo:
Indawo yakho
Isitshalo sikaphayinaphu kufanele sibe ngaphandle, ikakhulukazi endaweni enesithunzi.
Imvamisa
Inhlabathi kumele ibe ne- amanzi kahle, ngaphezu kokuba ne-pH ephansi (4,5-5,5).
Dlula
Ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo nehlobo, kuyadingeka ukuvundisa inhlabathi njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-15 lapho isitshalo sisebenzisa umanyolo onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-potassium ne-nitrogen.
Ukunisela
Kumelwe nisela amanzi lapho umhlabathi womile, okuvamise ukuba cishe njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 ehlobo futhi cishe zonke izinsuku ezingama-5-6 ezisele zonyaka.
Isikhathi sokutshala kanye / noma ukufakelwa kabusha
Isikhathi esikahle kunazo zonke sokutshala noma ukufakelwa kabusha kwesihlahla sikaphayinaphu kuvame ukuba sentwasahlobo.
Uhlaka lokutshala
Okungenani 30x60cm.
Ukuvuna
Ukuvunwa kwezithelo kwenziwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-15 zokutshala.
Isibindi
Kuyinto a tshala uzwele impela esimweni sezulu esibandayo, oshisa lokushisa elifanele okungenani eliqukethe u-15ºC, yize likwazi ukumelana no-5ºC isikhathi esifushane.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane nezifo zesitshalo sikaphayinaphu kukhona:
Izibungu, izikali nama-nematode
I-ananas plant mite, eyaziwa nangokuthi "Isicabucabu esibomvu", Imvamisa izondla ngesisekelo samaqabunga ezithelo zalesi sitshalo.
Kuyinto a inkathazo enenkinga ngeziphonso ezinde ezomile, ngoba zazingadluliselwa ezihlokweni, ezazizovimba uphayinaphu ukuthi ungakhiqizi futhi yize isilwane sesicabucabu singesona isilokazane esibaluleke ngempela, kulula kakhulu ukuselapha ngesikhathi ukuze sigweme izinkinga ezizayo. Ngokufanayo, kunezigaba eziningana zama-nematode ezithinta lesi sitshalo, ezilimaza izimpande zaso ngokubangela ifindo nokubola kwaso.
Amabhungane nama-mealybugs
Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi incindi mabhungane iba yinkinga enkulu kulabo abanezitshalo zikaphayinaphu, ngoba imvamisa bakhangwa yilezo zitshalo ezinesifo esaziwa nge- "gummosis", esenzeka lapho isitshalo esilimele siqala ukukhipha umuthi oyigumula.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhungane angena ezithelweni ezincane ukubeka amaqanda awo lapho. Ngokunjalo, izimbungulu ze-mealy zidla ezansi kwamaqabunga alesi sitshalo zibangele ukuthi zibune futhi ngendlela efanayo, zingadala ukuthi impande ibole, yona leyo enciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo.
Ukuwohloka kweBud
Kuyisifo esenzeka njalo, okuyi kwenzeka ngenxa yefungus futhi kwenzeka ngezikhathi zokusheshisa kokukhula kwalezi zitshalo.
Imvamisa, izimpawu ezivame kakhulu amahlamvu aphenduka abe phuzi futhi kwezinye izimo afinyelela ku-necrosis futhi kamuva abune ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithelo singabola futhi isiqu sawo sikhombisa i-halo ezungeze iphuzu lapho kuhluma khona amaqabunga. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, impande iba buthambile bese iyawa lapho izama ukukhipha isitshalo.
Iqabunga likaTamale
Kuyigciwane, okuyi ihlasela ngqo isiqongo esikhula ngokushesha kakhulu. Imvamisa kwenzeka ngezikhathi zezinguquko zezulu lapho kunamazinga okushisa aphezulu. Kuthinta kokubili amahlamvu kanye nesiqu, kubangele ukushintsha kombala okuncane kukho konke, futhi kungenzeka nokuthi izithelo ziqongelela i-ammonia ngaphakathi kwempuphu yabo.
I-Fusarium
Kuyinto a ukhunta olusakazeka umhlaba wonke, okuvela njengomphumela womswakama omkhulu nezinkinga zezimpande.