Ku-biology, i-rhizome iyisiqu esingaphansi komhlaba esinamahlumela amaningi. Lezi ziqu zikhula zivundlile, zikhiphe izimpande ezinotshani kanye namahlumela ezindaweni zazo ezihlukahlukene. Ama-rhizomes asakazeka ngokungapheli. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izingxenye ezindala kakhulu ziyafa, kodwa amahlumela amasha amboza indawo enkulu njalo ngonyaka. Bakha amagatsha aminyene anama-node amafushane. Kukhona ezingenakubalwa izibonelo zama-rhizomes okungasisiza ukuthi sikuqonde kangcono konke lokhu.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kulesi sihloko sizokutshela mayelana nezibonelo eziyinhloko zama-rhizomes nezici zawo eziyinhloko.
Izibonelo zama-rhizomes nezici zawo
Ama-Rhizomes abhekwa njengeziqu ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye nama-bulb, nezilimo eziyizigaxa, nama-rhizomes. Iziqu ezingaphansi komhlaba zigcina imisoco eziqwini zazo, ngakho ziphinde zisebenze njengezitho zokulondoloza lapho kuqala izinkathi zonyaka ezinzima njengobusika.
Ngokukhula nokukhula kwawo, ama-rhizomes angahlukaniswa njenge-coaxial noma i-uniaxial. Ama-Sympodial rhizomes yilawo lapho ingxenye ngayinye ihambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwehlumela le-axillary eqhubekayo. Isibonelo se-rhizome enjalo yi-Sansevieria ne-Poaceae.
Endabeni ye-rhizome ye-monopodial, ama-terminal buds ayaqhubeka nokukhula unomphela njenge-rhizome. Ama-axillary buds akhiqiza amahlumela amasha. Ngenjwayelo, isitshalo esihlaselayo noma ukhula. I-rhizome iwuhlelo lokuzalanisa kwezitshalo oluvamile ezitshalweni eziningi ezifana neminduze nejinja.
Ama-rhizomes angahlukaniswa abe yizicucu eziqukethe ama-buds futhi angatshalwa ngawodwana. Izitshalo ezinezimpande ziyizitshalo ezihlala njalo ezilahlekelwa yizingxenye zazo zasemoyeni endaweni epholile, kodwa ziphila ngaphansi komhlaba ngoba ama-rhizomes azo agcina umsoco entwasahlobo elandelayo.
Ezinye izitshalo ezinama-rhizome angaphansi komhlaba zihlanganisa ijinja, amahops, ne-turmeric, ezaziwa ngezakhiwo zazo zokwelapha, kanye ukhula lwe-aleppo sorghum noma i-johnson grass, i-bermudagrass kanye ne-coquito noma i-cypero.
Ezinye izitshalo zineziqu ezikhula ngaphezu komhlabathi, njengeminye iminduze nama-fern, iziqu zayo ezivuvukele ziyi-rhizome. Lapho, i-rhizome iyimodeli echazayo lapho ukuhlelwa kwezakhi kungalandeli umugqa we-hierarchical subordination, okungukuthi, Inesisekelo noma impande eyenza kube nemiphumela eminingi, futhi noma iyiphi ingxenye engenelelayo iyakwazi ukuba nomthelela kwezinye.
Ukusebenza kwama-rhizomes
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wama-rhizomes ukugcina imisoco, okuhlanganisa ama-carbohydrates namaprotheni, kuze kube yilapho isitshalo sikudinga ukukhiqiza amahlumela amasha noma ukusinda ebusika ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-vegetative reproduction.
Abalimi basebenzisa i-asexual reproduction ukuze basakaze izitshalo eceleni ezifana nama-hops, ijinja, nezinhlobo eziningana zotshani. Amanye ama-rhizomes nawo ayadliwa noma asetshenziswe njenge-condiment, njenge-ginger ne-turmeric.
I-Rhizomes iyisistimu yokuzala yemifino evamile ezitshalweni eziningi, njenge-splendens, i-canna, i-calla, i-lily, ne-ginger. Ama-rhizomes angahlukaniswa abe amabhlogo aqukethe okungenani ihlumela elilodwa ngalinye futhi angatshalwa ngawodwana. Ama-Rhizomes angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwegatsha atholakala kulo.
Ema-rhizomes, ukusakazeka kufezwa ngokusika noma ukuhlukanisa i-rhizome ibe izingxenye, ngayinye inekhono lokukhiqiza amahlumela amasha. Njengoba ama-rhizomes agcina inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba kanye bathambekele ezimpandeni ze-adventitious, akunzima ukukhiqiza izitshalo ezintsha.
Ingxenye ngayinye ekhishiwe ukuze isatshalaliswe ngokuvamile iqukethe ama-internode amaningana futhi kufanele ibe nehlumela le-vegetative noma i-meristem. Ngokuvamile, izingxenye ze-rhizome zingatshalwa kabusha ngqo endaweni oyifunayo.
Amaqabunga kufanele anqunywe lapho kutshalwa kabusha. Ama-rhizomes ahlukana ngaphambi kokuba inkathi yokukhula iphele noma iqale, okungukuthi, ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, ekwindla, noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Uma ihlukaniswa ekuqaleni kwehlobo, izingxenye ze-rhizome zizoba izimpande futhi ziqine ngaphambi kobusika.
izibonelo zama-rhizomes
Izitshalo ezizala ngama-rhizomes ziyi-perennials, ezihlanganisa:
Ujinja
Ingenye yezitshalo zezimpande ezidume kakhulu zomndeni we-ginger ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo okuningi kanye nezakhiwo.
Utshani noma utshani obumhlophe
Utshani bunama-rhizomes amancane.
Umhlanga ophuma kuma-Indies
Kuyisitshalo esishisayo, futhi naphezu kokuba nama-rhizomes asizayo ukukhula nokukhula kwayo, ukugcinwa nokulondolozwa kwayo kudinga ukunakwa nokunakekelwa okukhulu.
I-Mint
I-Mint ingenye yezitshalo ezibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele, iphunga kanye nokunambitha, ine-rhizomes njenge-ginger.
Lily
Iminduze iyizitshalo zezimpande ezineziqu eziqinile, ezinamahlamvu ezivumela ukuthi zikwazi ukusinda emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nobusika obunzima.
Uphawu lukaSolomoni
Kubonakala ngokuthi ukuba khona kwezimbali ezimhlophe ezi-tubular. Ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwayo kudinga inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba, ngakho ukuba khona kwama-rhizomes kuthanda ukumuncwa kwayo, ukugcinwa nokucutshungulwa kwayo.
Bambu
Wonke ama-bamboo azalana ngama-rhizomes futhi anentshisekelo enkulu ikakhulukazi engadini ukuze kwakheke imigoqo emakhaya ethu esihlinzeka ngokuhlukana, isivikelo noma ubumfihlo obukhulu.
Umehluko Phakathi kwe-Rhizoid ne-Root
I-rhizome iyisakhiwo esifana nezimpande esikhona phansi kwe-algae futhi sisebenza ukubamba i-substrate endaweni. Ngokungafani nempande ayisebenzi njengesitho esiyinhloko sokuthatha amanzi noma imisoco. Okubalulekile, ama-rhizomes ayizinhlaka zamaselula ezinjengentambo ezikhona kuma-sporophyte we-algae, ama-gametophyte, nezitshalo eziphansi zemithambo.
Izimpande ziyizitho zezitshalo, ngokuvamile zingaphansi komhlaba, ngaphandle kwamahlamvu, ezinemisebenzi yokumuncwa, yokulungisa nokugcina; ama-rhizomes yizakhiwo ezihlobene izimpande ezitholakala ezitshalweni. Ama-Rhizomes atholakala kusikhunta, ama-bryophytes, nama-ferns.
Imizimba yezitshalo yesikhunta nama-bryophyte awahlukaniseki ngokwezimpande, iziqu, namaqabunga. Ukuma nokusebenza kwe-rhizome kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo kanye nohlobo lwe-substrate. Ama-rhizome ezinto eziphilayo ezihlala ezindaweni ezinodaka ngokuvamile anegatsha eliyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngokuphambene, ama-rhizomes ezinto eziphilayo ezihlala ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwesihlabathi ane-bulbous futhi aguquguquka kakhulu, njengalezo zamapeni olwandle, ezingafaka wonke umzimba wazo ku-substrate lapho ama-rhizomes eshwabana.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezibonelo eziyinhloko zama-rhizomes akhona nezici zawo.