Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izihlahla zom-alimondi seziphenduke isizinda sabatshalizimali abasha, uma kubhekwa izinhlobo ezintsha, ezinenzuzo enkulu, ukuqina kwazo kanye nezinhlaka ezintsha zokutshala ezinkulu. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu, izinhlobo ezifana the Isihlahla se-alimondi se-Guara bayaqhubeka nokuba ngabaholi endaweni elinywayo, futhi balethe isivuno esikhulu kakhulu sokusanhlamvu, ukuqina kanye nokungena ngokushesha ekukhiqizeni. Isihlahla som-alimondi sohlobo lwe-Guara, esiye sathuthukiswa phakathi neminyaka edlule futhi ezinye zisabikezelwa, sinezici ezinhle futhi sihlakulela izitshalo ezinikeza inzuzo ekhiqizayo emazweni amaningi anjenge-United States (inkosi yezihlahla zom-alimondi) neSpain. , lapho ubuso balesi sitshalo bukhula khona.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi ngesihlahla se-alimondi se-guara, izici zayo nokutshalwa kwayo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Umlando wesihlahla som-alimondi saseGuara uhlehlela emuva eminyakeni emihle okwatholakala ngayo lezi zinhlobonhlobo zokutshalwa. I-CITA e-Aragón yayingumthuthukisi wezinhlobonhlobo ngo-1983 futhi Njengamanje ingenye yezinhlobo ezitshalwe kakhulu futhi ezikhiqizayo.
I-alimondi ye-guara evela e-Asia yasabalala kulo lonke elase-Spain ngeminyaka yawo-80 kanye nawo-90 futhi ingenye yezitshalo ezitshalwa kakhulu esifundeni ngenxa yokumelana nesomiso kanye nokukhiqizwa kwayo okuningi kwe-alimondi. Ukubekwa kwayo eSpain kube yimpumelelo ngoba iyimboni engadingi ukunakekelwa okuningi futhi ikhiqiza okudingekayo kuphela. I-alimondi ye-Guara inobumnandi obumnandi obuyifanelekela njenge-dessert nekhekhe eliyisithonjana eSpain nakwamanye amazwe.
Kulolu hlobo lohlobo, kufunwa izinto ezi-2 ezibaluleke kakhulu:
- Ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwamanzi kanye nokuzivumelanisa kahle nesomiso
- Ukukhiqiza okuphezulu, ukuvunwa kwama-slug kanye nokuqalisa ngokushesha
Eqinisweni, iphuzu 1 lisho ukuthi ngaphezu kwama-50% wendawo enemvula e-Spain okwamanje igcwele lesi sihlahla se-alimondi se-guara. Ezindaweni ezingenawo amanzi, ukukhiqiza kuyancipha kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo enamanzi, kodwa izindawo eziningi zaseSpain azinawo amanzi noma izindawo zokunisela, kodwa ngenxa yalesi sitshalo zingatshalwa.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwesihlahla se-alimondi se-guara
Ventajas:
- Okunhlobonhlobo iyakwazi ukumelana nesomiso futhi ilungele ukulima okunezimvula.
- Izinhlobo ezifuywayo ezingadingi ama-pollinator
- Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lezithelo, isivuno kanye namandla adonsela phansi athile.
- Ukuqala okusheshayo kokukhiqiza eminyakeni yokuqala
- I-Homogenization yokukhiqiza phakathi nayo yonke imicimbi.
Izinkinga:
- Izinhlobonhlobo ezithinta kakhulu futhi zibe nzima ukuthenwa
- Izwela ibala le-ocher
- Ukuba sengozini kwe-Monilia
Ukukhiqiza kwesihlahla se-alimondi se-guara
Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kunqunywa indawo kanye nesimo sezulu esibandayo esiqoqiwe. Izihlahla ze-alimondi ze-Guara ngokuvamile ziqhakaza kusukela ekupheleni kuka-February kuya maphakathi no-March. lezi zinsuku zithathwa sekwephuzile ngokwezolimo.
Ukuvunwa kwe-alimondi kwenzeka ekupheleni kuka-August nasekuqaleni kuka-September, kuye ngokufudumala kanye nezinga lokushisa lokuvuna kwehlobo. Uma siqhathanisa izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezihlahla zom-alimondi eziqhakaza sekwephuzile, sithola ukuthi i-Guara ingenye yezinhlobo ezinamaphesenti aphezulu kakhulu (%) esivuno segobolondo/i-kernel.
Naphezu kwezinhlobo ezintsha ezithembisayo, I-Guara isahamba phambili, ngesilinganiso sesivuno esiphakathi kuka-35% no-40%. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokwesilinganiso sesisindo se-nugget, siphakathi kwepakethe, ngesilinganiso se-1,3 g, kodwa ikhwalithi inhle kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlobo ezintsha zithole ukugxila ekwehliseni isivuno sembewu ephindwe kabili, kulokhu isihlahla som-alimondi i-Guara siyinhlobo enesivuno esiphezulu. Ukukhiqiza kuwumsebenzi wepharamitha enomthelela omkhulu kunoma yisiphi isilimo, okungukuthi ukufinyelela emanzini. Endabeni yesihlahla som-alimondi esivela eGuara, ubuncane obungu-3.000-3.500 m3/ha wamanzi bungakwazi ukukhiqiza isilinganiso samathani ama-2 amantongomane.
Lesi sitshalo siyazwela ekutholakaleni kwamanzi futhi isivuno sawo sikhuphuka kakhulu ngokutholakala. Eqinisweni, kwezinye izindawo zaseCastilla-La Mancha ukunikezwa kwayo kudlula i-8.000 m3/ha, ngesivuno esingakaze sibonwe ngaphambili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isivuno esimaphakathi sezihlahla ze-alimondi ze-guara singama-1500 kg noma ngaphansi. ngenxa yokungatholakali kwamanzi anele angaphansi kuka-2000 m3/ha. Khumbula ukuthi i-bloom sekwephuzile, ngakho-ke ivame ukutshalwa ezindaweni ezisendlini ezingenwa isithwathwa sekwephuzile, njengoba imbali iyingxenye ezwela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa nokubanda.
Amasiko
Isihlahla se-alimondi se-Guara Ayigqama ngokuba nohlaka lokutshala noma izimo zokutshala ezehlukile kwezinye izinhlobo. Emasimini aniselwayo, ububanzi bamagatsha awo bungaba bukhulu kakhulu futhi kufanele bucatshangelwe, ikakhulukazi uma kunokuthambekela kokuvula amagatsha ngobudlova kunezinye izinketho.
Izinhlobo ezinamandla kakhulu zinezinhlaka zokutshala 7×6 (238 izihlahla/ha) noma 7×7 (204 izihlahla/ha). Kodwa-ke, sihlukanisa izinhlobo ze-Guara (kanye ne-Tarraco, i-Marinada noma i-Lauranne) ngohlaka lokutshala oluncanyana olunezikhala ezingu-6×6 (277 izihlahla/ha) noma 6×5 (333 izihlahla/ha).
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ze-alimondi ye-guara ukuthi isihlahla esinamagatsha amaningi. Lokho kusho ukuthi kudingeka ochwepheshe beqiniso bokuthena ukuze bathole isivuno esihle. Ngalesi sizathu, ukuqeqeshwa ukuthenwa kwe-guara kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kuyadingeka kusukela ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula.
Enye yezinto ezicatshangelwayo ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho ukuthena ukugcina imiqumbe ingaphakathi, ngakho-ke inkambiso ingububanzi bamagatsha, nakuba izophazamisa uhlaka lwesitshali. Kanjalo nxa amagatsha esegcwele izithelo. amathuba okuqhekeka noma ukuhlukana ayancipha kakhulu.
Ngokuqeqeshwa kokuthenwa, ubude bala magatsha bungalawuleka phakathi neminyaka yokuqala emi-3 yokukhula, njengoba izihlahla ze-alimondi ze-guara zivame ukunweba la magatsha kakhulu. Ngokuthena sinciphisa umthamo waso futhi silawule ukukhiqizwa engxenyeni engezansi yesihlahla.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngesihlahla se-alimondi se-guara nezici zaso.